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Alfonso Ii El Casto Rey De Aragón ★ |•••► #España #Genealogia #Genealogy ♛

Alfonso II el Casto, rey de Aragón is your 22nd great grandfather.
You → Carlos Juan Felipe Antonio Vicente De La Cruz Urdaneta Alamo
   →  Enrique Jorge Urdaneta Lecuna
your father →  Elena Cecilia Lecuna Escobar
his mother →  María Elena de la Concepción Escobar Llamosas
her mother → Cecilia Cayetana de la Merced Llamosas Vaamonde de Escobar
her mother →  Cipriano Fernando de Las Llamosas y García
her father → José Lorenzo de las Llamozas Silva
his father →  Joseph Julián Llamozas Ranero
his father →  Manuel Llamosas y Requecens
his father →  Isabel de Requesens
his mother →  Luis de Requeséns y Zúñiga, Virrey de Holanda
her father →  Juan de Zúñiga Avellaneda y Velasco
his father → Pedro de Zúñiga y Avellaneda, II conde de Miranda del Castañar
his father →  Aldonza Ochoa de Avellaneda, X Señora de Avellaneda
his mother → Constanza Ramirez De Arellano
her mother →  Constanza de Sarmiento Enríquez de Castilla
her mother →  Leonor de Castilla
her mother → Fadrique Alfonso, I señor de Haro
her father →  Alfonso XI the Just, King of Castile and León
his father →  Constance of Portugal
his mother → Saint Elizabeth of Portugal
her mother →  Pedro III el Grande, rey de Aragón
her father →  James I the Conqueror, King of Aragon
his father → Pedro II el Católico, rey de Aragón
his father →  Alfonso II el Casto, rey de Aragón
his father
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfonso_II_of_Aragon

http://genealogics.org/getperson.php?personID=I00007662&tree=LEO

http://www.friesian.com/lorraine.htm#provence

Infante don RAMÓN de Aragón (Villamayor del Valle, Huesca 1/25 Mar 1157-Perpignan 25 Apr 1195, bur Poblet, monastery of Nuestra Señora). The "Corónicas" Navarras name (in order) "don Pedro…el rey don Alfonso, que ovo nombre Remón Belenguer et el conte don Pedro de Provença et el conte don Sancho et a la muller del rey don Sancho de Portugal" as the children of the "conte de Barçalona…en esta su muller [dona Peyronela]", stating that the first named Pedro died in Huesca[170]. The Brevi Historia Comitum Provinciæ names "Ildefonsum primogenitum" as son of "Berengarius comes Barchinonæ et Provinciæ, maritus Petronillæ"[171]. He succeeded his father in 1162 as RAMÓN Conde de Barcelona, Girona, Osona, Besalú, Cerdagne/Cerdaña and Roussillon. He founded Teruel 1169-72. He secured the vassalage of Marie Ctss de Béarn 1170. Comte de Roussillon (including the see of Elne) in 1172 on the death of Guinard II Comte de Roussillon without heirs. He succeeded his mother in 1174 as ALFONSO II “el Casto” King of Aragon.

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Alfonso II of Aragon

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Contents

[hide]

* 1 Reign
* 2 Literary patronage and poetry
* 3 Marriage and descendants
* 4 External links
* 5 References
Alfonso II of Aragon

From the Liber feudorum maior

Alfonso II (Aragon) or Alfons I (Provence and Barcelona) (Huesca, 1157[1] – Perpignan, 1196), called the Chaste or the Troubadour, was the King of Aragon and Count of Barcelona from 1162 until his death. He was the son of Ramon Berenguer IV of Barcelona and Petronilla of Aragon and the first King of Aragon who was also Count of Barcelona. He is thus sometimes called, like his successors, especially by Catalan historians, the "count-king". He was also Count of Provence from 1167, when he unchivalrously wrested it from the heiress Douce II, until 1173, when he ceded it to his brother Berenguer. His reign has been characterised by nationalistic and nostalgic Catalan historians, with little following, as l'engrandiment occitànic or "the Pyrenean unity": a great scheme to unite various lands on both sides of the Pyrenees under the rule of the House of Barcelona.[2]

[edit] Reign

Born Raymond Berengar (Ramon Berenguer), he ascended the united throne of Aragon and Barcelona as Alfonso, changing his name in deference to the Aragonese, to honour Alfonso I.

For most of his reign he was allied with Alfonso VIII of Castile, both against Navarre and against the Moorish taifa kingdoms of the south. In his Reconquista effort Alfonso pushed as far as Teruel, conquering this important stronghold on the road to Valencia in 1171. The same year saw him capturing Caspe.

Apart from common interests, kings of Aragon and Castile were united by a formal bond of vassalage the former owed to the latter. Besides, on January 18, 1174 in Saragossa Alfonso married Infanta Sancha of Castile, sister of the Castilian king.

Another milestone in this alliance was the Treaty of Cazorla the two kings in 1179, delineating zones of conquest in the south along the watershed of rivers Júcar and Segura. Southern areas of Valencia including Denia were thus secured to Aragon.

During his reign Aragonese influence north of the Pyrenees reached its zenith, a natural tendency given the affinity between the Occitan and Catalan dominions of the Crown of Aragon. His realms incorporated not only Provence, but also the counties of Cerdanya and Roussillon (inherited in 1172). Béarn and Bigorre paid homage to him in 1187. Alfonso's involvement in the affairs of Languedoc, which would cost the life of his successor, Peter II of Aragon, for the moment proved highly beneficial, strengthening Aragonese trade and stimulating emigration from the north to colonise the newly reconquered lands in Aragon.

In 1186, he helped establish Aragonese influence in Sardinia when he supported his cousin Agalbursa, the widow of the deceased Judge of Arborea, Barison II, in placing her grandson, the child of her eldest daughter Ispella, Hugh, on the throne of Arborea in opposition to Peter of Serra.

Alfonso II provided the first land grant to the Cistercian monks on the banks of the Ebro River in the Aragon region, which would become the site of the first Cistercian monastery in this region. Real Monasterio de Nuestra Senora de Rueda was founded in the year 1202 and utilized some of the first hydrological technology in the region for harnessing water power and river diversion for the purpose of building central heating.

[edit] Literary patronage and poetry

He was a noted poet of his time and a close friend of King Richard the Lionheart. One tensó, apparently composed by him and Giraut de Bornelh, forms part of the poetical debate as to whether a lady is dishonoured by taking a lover who is richer than herself. The debate had been begun by Guilhem de Saint-Leidier and was taken up by Azalais de Porcairagues and Raimbaut of Orange; there was also a partimen on the topic between Dalfi d'Alvernha and Perdigon.

Alfonso and his love affairs are mentioned in poems by many troubadours, including Guillem de Berguedà (who criticized his dealings with Azalais of Toulouse) and Peire Vidal, who commended Alfonso's decision to marry Sancha of Castile rather than Eudokia Komnene that he had preferred a poor Castilian maid to the emperor Manuel's golden camel.

[edit] Marriage and descendants

Wife, Sancha of Castile, daughter of king Alfonso VII of Castile, b. 1155 or 1157, d. 1208

* Constance, married Emeric of Hungary and later Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor
* Eleanor, married Raymond VI of Toulouse
* Peter the Catholic, successor
* Douce (Dolça), nun
* Alfonso, Count of Provence
* Ferdinand, Abbot of Montearagon, d. after 1227
* Ramon Berenguer, d. in the 1190s
[edit] External links

* Miroslav Marek, genealogy.euweb.cz
[edit] References

1. ^ "Alfonso II el Casto, hijo de Petronila y Ramón Berenguer IV, nació en Huesca en 1157;". Cfr. Josefina Mateu Ibars, María Dolores Mateu Ibars, Colectánea paleográfica de la Corona de Aragon: Siglo IX-XVIII, Universitat Barcelona, 1980, p. 546. ISBN 8475286941, ISBN 9788475286945.
2. ^ T. N. Bisson, "The Rise of Catalonia: Identity, Power, and Ideology in a Twelfth-Century Society," Annales: Economies, Sociétés, Civilisations, xxxix (1984), translated in Medieval France and her Pyrenean Neighbours: Studies in Early Institutional History (London: Hambledon, 1989), pp. 179.
Preceded by

Petronila King of Aragon

1162-1196 Succeeded by

Peter II

Preceded by

Ramon Berenguer IV Count of Barcelona

1162-1196

Preceded by

Douce II of Provence Count of Provence

1167-1171 Succeeded by

Ramon Berenguer III

Categories: Roman Catholic monarchs | House of Aragon | Aragonese monarchs | Counts of Barcelona | Counts of Provence | Catalan-language poets | Troubadours | Medieval child rulers | 1157 births | 1196 deaths

Alfonso II (Aragon) or Alfons I (Provence and Barcelona) (Huesca, 1157[1] – Perpignan, 1196), called the Chaste or the Troubadour, was the King of Aragon and Count of Barcelona from 1162 until his death. He was the son of Ramon Berenguer IV of Barcelona and Petronilla of Aragon and the first King of Aragon who was also Count of Barcelona. He is thus sometimes called, like his successors, especially by Catalan historians, the "count-king". He was also Count of Provence from 1167, when he unchivalrously wrested it from the heiress Douce II, until 1173, when he ceded it to his brother Berenguer. His reign has been characterised by nationalistic and nostalgic Catalan historians, with little following, as l'engrandiment occitànic or "the Pyrenean unity": a great scheme to unite various lands on both sides of the Pyrenees under the rule of the House of Barcelona.[2]

[edit] Reign

Born Raymond Berengar (Ramon Berenguer), he ascended the united throne of Aragon and Barcelona as Alfonso, changing his name in deference to the Aragonese, to honour Alfonso I.

For most of his reign he was allied with Alfonso VIII of Castile, both against Navarre and against the Moorish taifa kingdoms of the south. In his Reconquista effort Alfonso pushed as far as Teruel, conquering this important stronghold on the road to Valencia in 1171. The same year saw him capturing Caspe.

Apart from common interests, kings of Aragon and Castile were united by a formal bond of vassalage the former owed to the latter. Besides, on January 18, 1174 in Saragossa Alfonso married Infanta Sancha of Castile, sister of the Castilian king.

Another milestone in this alliance was the Treaty of Cazorla between the two kings in 1179, delineating zones of conquest in the south along the watershed of the rivers Júcar and Segura. Southern areas of Valencia including Denia were thus secured to Aragon.

During his reign Aragonese influence north of the Pyrenees reached its zenith, a natural tendency given the affinity between the Occitan and Catalan dominions of the Crown of Aragon. His realms incorporated not only Provence, but also the counties of Cerdanya and Roussillon (inherited in 1172). Béarn and Bigorre paid homage to him in 1187. Alfonso's involvement in the affairs of Languedoc, which would cost the life of his successor, Peter II of Aragon, for the moment proved highly beneficial, strengthening Aragonese trade and stimulating emigration from the north to colonise the newly reconquered lands in Aragon.

In 1186, he helped establish Aragonese influence in Sardinia when he supported his cousin Agalbursa, the widow of the deceased Judge of Arborea, Barison II, in placing her grandson, the child of her eldest daughter Ispella, Hugh, on the throne of Arborea in opposition to Peter of Serra.

Alfonso II provided the first land grant to the Cistercian monks on the banks of the Ebro River in the Aragon region, which would become the site of the first Cistercian monastery in this region. Real Monasterio de Nuestra Senora de Rueda was founded in the year 1202 and utilized some of the first hydrological technology in the region for harnessing water power and river diversion for the purpose of building central heating.

[edit] Literary patronage and poetry

He was a noted poet of his time and a close friend of King Richard the Lionheart. One tensó, apparently composed by him and Giraut de Bornelh, forms part of the poetical debate as to whether a lady is dishonoured by taking a lover who is richer than herself. The debate had been begun by Guilhem de Saint-Leidier and was taken up by Azalais de Porcairagues and Raimbaut of Orange; there was also a partimen on the topic between Dalfi d'Alvernha and Perdigon.

Alfonso and his love affairs are mentioned in poems by many troubadours, including Guillem de Berguedà (who criticized his dealings with Azalais of Toulouse) and Peire Vidal, who commended Alfonso's decision to marry Sancha of Castile rather than Eudokia Komnene that he had preferred a poor Castilian maid to the emperor Manuel's golden camel.

Alfonso II (Aragon) or Alfons I (Provence and Barcelona) (1152 – 1196), called the Chaste or the Troubadour, was the King of Aragon and Count of Barcelona from 1162 until his death. He was the son of Ramon Berenguer IV of Barcelona and Petronilla of Aragon and the first King of Aragon who was also Count of Barcelona. He is thus sometimes called, like his successors, especially by Catalan historians, the "count-king". He was also Count of Provence from 1167, when he unchivalrously wrested it from the heiress Douce II, until 1173, when he ceded it to his brother Berenguer. His reign has been characterised by nationalistic and nostalgic Catalan historians, with little following, as l'engrandiment occitànic or "the Pyrenean unity": a great scheme to unite all the Occitan-Catalan speaking lands on both sides of the Pyrenees under the rule of the House of Barcelona.

Reign

Born Raymond Berengar (Ramon Berenguer), he ascended the united throne of Aragon and Barcelona as Alfonso, changing his name in deference to the Aragonese, to honour Alfonso I.

For most of his reign he was allied with Alfonso VIII of Castile, both against Navarre and against the Moorish taifa kingdoms of the south. In his Reconquista effort Alfonso pushed as far as Teruel, conquering this important stronghold on the road to Valencia in 1171. The same year saw him capturing Caspe.

Apart from common interests, kings of Aragon and Castile were united by a formal bond of vassalage the former owed to the latter. Besides, on January 18, 1174 in Saragossa Alfonso married Infanta Sancha of Castile, sister of the Castilian king.

Another milestone in this alliance was the Treaty of Cazorla the two kings in 1179, delineating zones of conquest in the south along the watershed of rivers Júcar and Segura. Southern areas of Valencia including Denia were thus secured to Aragon.

During his reign Catalonian influence north of the Pyrenees reached its zenith. His realms incorporated not only Provence, but also the counties of Cerdanya and Roussillon (inherited in 1172). Béarn and Bigorre paid homage to him in 1187. Alfonso's involvement in the affairs of Languedoc, which would cost the life of his successor, Peter II of Aragon, for the moment proved highly beneficial, strengthening Catalonian trade and stimulating emigration from the north to colonise the newly reconquered lands in Aragon.

In 1186, he helped establish Catalan influence in Sardinia when he supported his cousin Agalbursa, the widow of the deceased Judge of Arborea, Barison II, in placing her grandson, the child of her eldest daughter Ispella, Hugh, on the throne of Arborea in opposition to Peter of Serra.

Alfonso II provided the first land grant to the Cistercian monks on the banks of the Ebro River in the Aragon region, which would become the site of the first Cistercian monastery in this region. Real Monasterio de Nuestra Senora de Rueda was founded in the year 1202 and utilized some of the first hydrological technology in the region for harnessing water power and river diversion for the purpose of building central heating.

Literary patronage and poetry

He was a noted poet of his time and a close friend of King Richard the Lionheart. One tensó, apparently composed by him and Giraut de Bornelh, forms part of the poetical debate as to whether a lady is dishonoured by taking a lover who is richer than herself. The debate had been begun by Guilhem de Saint-Leidier and was taken up by Azalais de Porcairagues and Raimbaut of Orange; there was also a partimen on the topic between Dalfi d'Alvernha and Perdigon.

Alfonso and his love affairs are mentioned in poems by many troubadours, including Guillem de Berguedà (who criticized his dealings with Azalais of Toulouse) and Peire Vidal, who commented on Alfonso's decision to marry Sancha of Castile rather than Eudokia Komnene that he had preferred a poor Castilian maid to the emperor Manuel's golden camel.

Marriage and descendants

Wife, Sancha of Castile, daughter of king Alfonso VII of Castile, b. 1155 or 1157, d. 1208

Constance, married Emeric of Hungary and later Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor

Eleanor, married Raymond VI of Toulouse

Peter the Catholic, successor

Douce (Dolça), nun

Alfonso, Count of Provence

Ferdinand, Abbot of Montearagon, d. after 1227

Ramon Berenguer, d. in the 1190s

Alfonso II (Aragon) or Alfons I (Provence and Barcelona) (Huesca, 1157[1] – Perpignan, 25 April 1196), called the Chaste or the Troubadour, was the King of Aragon and Count of Barcelona from 1162 until his death. He was the son of Ramon Berenguer IV of Barcelona and Petronilla of Aragon and the first King of Aragon who was also Count of Barcelona. He is thus sometimes called, like his successors, especially by Catalan historians, the "count-king". He was also Count of Provence from 1167, which he acquired from the heiress Douce II, until 1173, when he ceded it to his brother Berenguer. His reign has been characterised by nationalistic and nostalgic Catalan historians, as l'engrandiment occitànic or "the Pyrenean unity": a great scheme to unite various lands on both sides of the Pyrenees under the rule of the House of Barcelona.[2]

[edit] Reign

Born Raymond Berengar (Ramon Berenguer), he ascended the united throne of Aragon and Barcelona as Alfonso, changing his name in deference to the Aragonese, to honour Alfonso I.

For most of his reign he was allied with Alfonso VIII of Castile, both against Navarre and against the Moorish taifa kingdoms of the south. In his Reconquista effort Alfonso pushed as far as Teruel, conquering this important stronghold on the road to Valencia in 1171. The same year saw him capturing Caspe.

Apart from common interests, kings of Aragon and Castile were united by a formal bond of vassalage the former owed to the latter. Besides, on January 18, 1174 in Saragossa Alfonso married Infanta Sancha of Castile, sister of the Castilian king.

Another milestone in this alliance was the Treaty of Cazorla between the two kings in 1179, delineating zones of conquest in the south along the watershed of the rivers Júcar and Segura. Southern areas of Valencia including Denia were thus secured to Aragon.

During his reign Aragonese influence north of the Pyrenees reached its zenith, a natural tendency given the affinity between the Occitan and Catalan dominions of the Crown of Aragon. His realms incorporated not only Provence, but also the counties of Cerdanya and Roussillon (inherited in 1172). Béarn and Bigorre paid homage to him in 1187. Alfonso's involvement in the affairs of Languedoc, which would cost the life of his successor, Peter II of Aragon, for the moment proved highly beneficial, strengthening Aragonese trade and stimulating emigration from the north to colonise the newly reconquered lands in Aragon.

In 1186, he helped establish Aragonese influence in Sardinia when he supported his cousin Agalbursa, the widow of the deceased Judge of Arborea, Barison II, in placing her grandson, the child of her eldest daughter Ispella, Hugh, on the throne of Arborea in opposition to Peter of Serra.

Alfonso II provided the first land grant to the Cistercian monks on the banks of the Ebro River in the Aragon region, which would become the site of the first Cistercian monastery in this region. Real Monasterio de Nuestra Senora de Rueda was founded in the year 1202 and utilized some of the first hydrological technology in the region for harnessing water power and river diversion for the purpose of building central heating.

[edit] Literary patronage and poetry

He was a noted poet of his time and a close friend of King Richard the Lionheart. One tensó, apparently composed by him and Giraut de Bornelh, forms part of the poetical debate as to whether a lady is dishonoured by taking a lover who is richer than herself. The debate had been begun by Guilhem de Saint-Leidier and was taken up by Azalais de Porcairagues and Raimbaut of Orange; there was also a partimen on the topic between Dalfi d'Alvernha and Perdigon.

Alfonso and his love affairs are mentioned in poems by many troubadours, including Guillem de Berguedà (who criticized his dealings with Azalais of Toulouse) and Peire Vidal, who commended Alfonso's decision to marry Sancha rather than Eudokia Komnene that he had preferred a poor Castilian maid to the emperor Manuel's golden camel.

[edit] Marriage and descendants

Alfonso and Sancho, surrounded by the women of court. From the Liber feudorum maior.Wife, Sancha of Castile, daughter of king Alfonso VII of Castile, b. 1155 or 1157, d. 1208

Constance, married Emeric of Hungary and later Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor

Eleanor, married Raymond VI of Toulouse

Peter the Catholic, successor

Douce (Dolça), nun

Alfonso, Count of Provence

Ferdinand, Abbot of Montearagon, d. after 1227

Ramon Berenguer, d. in the 1190s

Sancha of Aragon, married Raymond VII, in March 1211. They had one daughter, Joan, and were divorced in 1241.

[edit] External links

Miroslav Marek, genealogy.euweb.cz

[edit] References

1.^ "Alfonso II el Casto, hijo de Petronila y Ramón Berenguer IV, nació en Huesca en 1157;". Cfr. Josefina Mateu Ibars, María Dolores Mateu Ibars, Colectánea paleográfica de la Corona de Aragon: Siglo IX-XVIII, Universitat Barcelona, 1980, p. 546. ISBN 8475286941, ISBN 9788475286945.

2.^ T. N. Bisson, "The Rise of Catalonia: Identity, Power, and Ideology in a Twelfth-Century Society," Annales: Economies, Sociétés, Civilisations, xxxix (1984), translated in Medieval France and her Pyrenean Neighbours: Studies in Early Institutional History (London: Hambledon, 1989), pp. 179.

Preceded by

Petronila King of Aragon

1162-1196 Succeeded by

Peter II

Preceded by

Ramon Berenguer IV Count of Barcelona

1162-1196

Preceded by

Douce II of Provence Count of Provence

1167-1171 Succeeded by

Ramon Berenguer III

[show]v • d • eInfantes of Aragon

Alfonso II of Aragon

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Alfonso II (Aragon) or Alfons I (Provence and Barcelona) (1152 – 1196), called the Chaste or the Troubadour, was the King of Aragon and Count of Barcelona from 1162 until his death. He was the son of Ramon Berenguer IV of Barcelona and Petronilla of Aragon and the first King of Aragon who was also Count of Barcelona. He is thus sometimes called, especially by Catalan historians, the "count-king." He was also Count of Provence from 1167 when he unchivalrously wrested it from the heiress Douce to 1173 when he ceded it to his brother Berenguer.

Born Raymond Berengar (Ramon Berenguer), he ascended the united throne of Aragon and Barcelona as Alfonso, changing his name in deference to the Aragonese, to honour Alfonso I.

For most of his reign he was allied with Alfonso VIII of Castile, both against Navarre and against the Moorish taifa kingdoms of the south. In his Reconquista effort Alfonso pushed as far as Teruel, conquering this important stronghold on the road to Valencia in 1171. The same year saw him capturing Caspe.

Apart from common interests, kings of Aragon and Castile were united by a formal bond of vassalage the former owed to the latter. Besides, on January 18, 1174 in Saragossa Alfonso married Infanta Sancha of Castile, sister of the Castilian king.

Another milestone in this alliance was the Treaty of Cazorla the two kings in 1179, delineating zones of conquest in the south along the watershed of rivers Júcar and Segura. Southern areas of Valencia including Denia were thus secured to Aragon.

During his reign Catalonian influence north of the Pyrenees reached its zenith. His realms incorporated not only Provence, but also the counties of Cerdanya and Roussillon (inherited in 1172). Béarn and Bigorre paid homage to him in 1187. Alfonso's involvement in the affairs of Languedoc, which would cost the life of his successor, Peter II of Aragon, for the moment proved highly beneficial, strengthening Catalonian trade and stimulating emigration from the north to colonise the newly reconquered lands in Aragon.

In 1186, he helped establish Catalan influence in Sardinia when he supported his cousin Agalbursa, the widow of the deceased Judge of Arborea, Barison II, in placing her grandson, the child of her eldest daughter Ispella, Hugh, on the throne of Arborea in opposition to Peter of Serra.

King Alfonso died in 1196.

[edit]Works and poetry

Alfonso II provided the first land grant to the Cistercian monks on the banks of the Ebro River in the Aragon region, which would become the site of the first Cistercian monastery in this region. Real Monasterio de Nuestra Senora de Rueda was founded in the year 1202 and utilized some of the first hydrological technology in the region for harnessing water power and river diversion for the purpose of building central heating.

He was a noted poet of his time and a close friend of King Richard the Lionheart. One tensó, apparently composed by him and Giraut de Bornelh, forms part of the poetical debate as to whether a lady is dishonoured by taking a lover who is richer than herself. The debate had been begun by Guilhem de Saint-Leidier and was taken up by Azalais de Porcairagues and Raimbaut of Orange; there was also a partimen on the topic between Dalfi d'Alvernha and Perdigon.

Alfonso and his love affairs are mentioned in poems by many troubadours, including Guillem de Berguedà (who criticized his dealings with Azalais of Toulouse) and Peire Vidal, who commented on Alfonso's decision to marry Sancha of Castile rather than Eudokia Komnene that he had preferred a poor Castilian maid to the emperor Manuel's golden camel.

[edit]Marriage and descendants

Wife, Sancha of Castile, daughter of king Alfonso VII of Castile, b. 1155 or 1157, d. 1208

Constance, married Emeric of Hungary and later Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor

Eleanor, married Raymond VI of Toulouse

Peter the Catholic, successor

Douce (Dolça), nun

Alfonso, Count of Provence

Ferdinand, Abbot of Montearagon, d. after 1227

Ramon Berenguer, d. in the 1190s

Alfonso II (Aragon) or Alfons I (Provence and Barcelona) (1152 – 1196), called the Chaste or the Troubadour, was the King of Aragon and Count of Barcelona from 1162 until his death. He was the son of Ramon Berenguer IV of Barcelona and Petronilla of Aragon and the first King of Aragon who was also Count of Barcelona. He is thus sometimes called, like his successors, especially by Catalan historians, the "count-king". He was also Count of Provence from 1167, when he unchivalrously wrested it from the heiress Douce II, until 1173, when he ceded it to his brother Berenguer. His reign has been characterised by nationalistic and nostalgic Catalan historians, with little following, as l'engrandiment occitànic or "the Pyrenean unity": a great scheme to unite all the Occitan-Catalan speaking lands on both sides of the Pyrenees under the rule of the House of Barcelona.

Alfonso II (Aragon) or Alfons I (Provence and Barcelona; 1157[1] – 25 April 1196), called the Chaste or the Troubadour, was the King of Aragon and Count of Barcelona from 1162 until his death. He was the son of Ramon Berenguer IV of Barcelona and Petronilla of Aragon and the first King of Aragon who was also Count of Barcelona. He is thus sometimes called, like his successors, especially by Catalan historians, the "count-king". He was also Count of Provence from 1167, which he acquired from the heiress Douce II, until 1173, when he ceded it to his brother Berenguer. His reign has been characterised by nationalistic and nostalgic Catalan historians, as l'engrandiment occitànic or "the Pyrenean unity": a great scheme to unite various lands on both sides of the Pyrenees under the rule of the House of Barcelona.[2]

Contents [hide]

1 Reign

2 Literary patronage and poetry

3 Marriage and descendants

4 External links

5 References

[edit] Reign

Born Raymond Berengar (Ramon Berenguer) at Huesca, he ascended the united throne of Aragon and Barcelona as Alfonso, changing his name in deference to the Aragonese, to honour Alfonso I.

For most of his reign he was allied with Alfonso VIII of Castile, both against Navarre and against the Moorish taifa kingdoms of the south. In his Reconquista effort Alfonso pushed as far as Teruel, conquering this important stronghold on the road to Valencia in 1171. The same year saw him capturing Caspe.

Apart from common interests, kings of Aragon and Castile were united by a formal bond of vassalage the former owed to the latter. Besides, on January 18, 1174 in Saragossa Alfonso married Infanta Sancha of Castile, sister of the Castilian king.

Another milestone in this alliance was the Treaty of Cazorla between the two kings in 1179, delineating zones of conquest in the south along the watershed of the rivers Júcar and Segura. Southern areas of Valencia including Denia were thus secured to Aragon.

During his reign Aragonese influence north of the Pyrenees reached its zenith, a natural tendency given the affinity between the Occitan and Catalan dominions of the Crown of Aragon. His realms incorporated not only Provence, but also the counties of Cerdanya and Roussillon (inherited in 1172). Béarn and Bigorre paid homage to him in 1187. Alfonso's involvement in the affairs of Languedoc, which would cost the life of his successor, Peter II of Aragon, for the moment proved highly beneficial, strengthening Aragonese trade and stimulating emigration from the north to colonise the newly reconquered lands in Aragon.

In 1186, he helped establish Aragonese influence in Sardinia when he supported his cousin Agalbursa, the widow of the deceased Judge of Arborea, Barison II, in placing her grandson, the child of her eldest daughter Ispella, Hugh, on the throne of Arborea in opposition to Peter of Serra.

Alfonso II provided the first land grant to the Cistercian monks on the banks of the Ebro River in the Aragon region, which would become the site of the first Cistercian monastery in this region. Real Monasterio de Nuestra Senora de Rueda was founded in the year 1202 and utilized some of the first hydrological technology in the region for harnessing water power and river diversion for the purpose of building central heating.

He died at Perpignan in 1196.

[edit] Literary patronage and poetry

He was a noted poet of his time and a close friend of King Richard the Lionheart. One tensó, apparently composed by him and Giraut de Bornelh, forms part of the poetical debate as to whether a lady is dishonoured by taking a lover who is richer than herself. The debate had been begun by Guilhem de Saint-Leidier and was taken up by Azalais de Porcairagues and Raimbaut of Orange; there was also a partimen on the topic between Dalfi d'Alvernha and Perdigon.

Alfonso and his love affairs are mentioned in poems by many troubadours, including Guillem de Berguedà (who criticized his dealings with Azalais of Toulouse) and Peire Vidal, who commended Alfonso's decision to marry Sancha rather than Eudokia Komnene that he had preferred a poor Castilian maid to the emperor Manuel's golden camel.

[edit] Marriage and descendants

Alfonso and Sancho, surrounded by the women of court. From the Liber feudorum maior.Wife, Sancha of Castile, daughter of king Alfonso VII of Castile, b. 1155 or 1157, d. 1208

Constance, married Emeric of Hungary and later Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor

Eleanor, married Raymond VI of Toulouse

Peter the Catholic, successor

Douce (Dolça), nun

Alfonso, Count of Provence

Ferdinand, Abbot of Montearagon, d. after 1227

Ramon Berenguer, d. in the 1190s

Sancha of Aragon, married Raymond VII, in March 1211. They had one daughter, Joan, and were divorced in 1241.

[edit] External links

Miroslav Marek, genealogy.euweb.cz

[edit] References

1.^ "Alfonso II el Casto, hijo de Petronila y Ramón Berenguer IV, nació en Huesca en 1157;". Cfr. Josefina Mateu Ibars, María Dolores Mateu Ibars, Colectánea paleográfica de la Corona de Aragon: Siglo IX-XVIII, Universitat Barcelona, 1980, p. 546. ISBN 8475286941, ISBN 9788475286945.

2.^ T. N. Bisson, "The Rise of Catalonia: Identity, Power, and Ideology in a Twelfth-Century Society," Annales: Economies, Sociétés, Civilisations, xxxix (1984), translated in Medieval France and her Pyrenean Neighbours: Studies in Early Institutional History (London: Hambledon, 1989), pp. 179.

Preceded by

Petronila King of Aragon

1162-1196 Succeeded by

Peter II

Preceded by

Ramon Berenguer IV Count of Barcelona

1162-1196

Preceded by

Douce II of Provence Count of Provence

1167-1171 Succeeded by

Ramon Berenguer III

[show]v • d • eInfantes of Aragon

1st Generation Sancho I · Infante García

2nd Generation Peter I · Alfonso I · Ramiro II

3rd Generation Crown Prince Peter

4th Generation Infante Peter · Alfonso II · Peter, Count of Cerdanya · Ramon Berenguer III, Count of Provence · Sancho, Count of Provence · Infante Ramon

5th Generation Peter II · Alfonso II, Count of Provence · Infante Sancho · Infante Ferdinand · Infante Ramon Berenguer

6th Generation James I

7th Generation Crown Prince Alfonso · Peter III · James II of Majorca · Infante Ferdinand · Infante Sancho · James, Lord of Jérica · Peter, Lord of Ayerbe

8th Generation Alfonso III · James II · Frederick III of Sicily · Infante Pedro · Infante James* · Sancho of Majorca* · Infante Philip* · Ferdinand, Viscount of Aumelas* · James, Lord of Jérica · Peter, Lord of Ayerbe

9th Generation Crown Prince James · Alfonso IV · Infante John · Peter, Count of Ribagorza · Ramon Berenguer, Count of Ampurias · Peter II of Sicily** · Infante Roger** · Manfred, Duke of Athens and Neopatria** · William II, Duke of Athens and Neopatria** · John, Duke of Randazzo** · James III of Majorca* · Ferdinand, Viscount of Aumelas* · James, Lord of Jérica · Peter, Lord of Jérica · Alfonso, Lord of Cocentaina

10th Generation Crown Prince Alfonso · Peter IV · James I, Count of Urgell · Infante Fadrique · Infante Sancho · Ferdinand, Marquis of Tortosa · John, Lord of Elche · Alfonso, Count of Ribagorza · John, Count of Prades · Infante Jaime · John, Count of Ampurias · Peter, Count of Ampurias · Louis of Sicily** · Frederick IV of Sicily** · Frederick I, Duke of Athens and Neopatria** · James IV of Majorca*

11th Generation Infante Peter · John I · Martin · Infante Alfonso · Alonso, Count of Morella · Infante Peter · Peter II, Count of Urgell · Infante John of Ribagorza · James, Baron of Arenós · Alfonso, Count of Ribagorza · Peter, Marquis of Villena · Peter, Count of Prades · James, Count of Prades · Infante Louis of Prades

12th Generation Infante James · Infante John · Infante Alfonso · James, Duke of Gerona · Infante Fernando · Pedro, Duke of Gerona · Martin I of Sicily · Infante James · Infante John · Infante Antonio of Urgell · James II, Count of Urgell · Infante Peter of Urgell · John, Baron of Etenza

13th Generation Martin, Crown Prince of Sicily*

14th Generation Alfonso V · John II · Henry, Duke of Villena · Peter, Count of Alburquerque · Infante Sancho

15th Generation Charles, Prince of Viana · Ferdinand II

16th Generation Juan, Prince of Asturias · John, Prince of Gerona

17th Generation Charles I of Spain · Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor

also a prince of Majorca
also a prince of Sicily
Categories: Roman Catholic monarchs | House of Aragon | Aragonese monarchs | Counts of Barcelona | Counts of Provence | Catalan-language poets | Troubadours | Medieval child rulers | 1157 births | 1196 deaths

Wikipedia:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfons_II_of_Aragon#Marriage_and_descendants

Alfonso II of Aragon

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Alfonso II of AragonFrom the Liber feudorum maior

Alfonso II (Aragon) or Alfons I (Provence and Barcelona; 1157[1] – 25 April 1196), called the Chaste or the Troubadour, was the King of Aragon and Count of Barcelona from 1162 until his death. He was the son of Ramon Berenguer IV of Barcelona and Petronilla of Aragon and the first King of Aragon who was also Count of Barcelona. He is thus sometimes called, like his successors, especially by Catalan historians, the "count-king". He was also Count of Provence from 1167, which he acquired from the heiress Douce II, until 1173, when he ceded it to his brother Berenguer. His reign has been characterised by nationalistic and nostalgic Catalan historians, as l'engrandiment occitànic or "the Pyrenean unity": a great scheme to unite various lands on both sides of the Pyrenees under the rule of the House of Barcelona.[2]

Contents

[show]

* 1 Reign
* 2 Literary patronage and poetry
* 3 Marriage and descendants
* 4 External links
* 5 References
[edit] Reign

Born Raymond Berengar (Ramon Berenguer) at Huesca, he ascended the united throne of Aragon and Barcelona as Alfonso, changing his name in deference to the Aragonese, to honour Alfonso I.

For most of his reign he was allied with Alfonso VIII of Castile, both against Navarre and against the Moorish taifa kingdoms of the south. In his Reconquista effort Alfonso pushed as far as Teruel, conquering this important stronghold on the road to Valencia in 1171. The same year saw him capturing Caspe.

Apart from common interests, kings of Aragon and Castile were united by a formal bond of vassalage the former owed to the latter. Besides, on January 18, 1174 in Saragossa Alfonso married Infanta Sancha of Castile, sister of the Castilian king.

Another milestone in this alliance was the Treaty of Cazorla between the two kings in 1179, delineating zones of conquest in the south along the watershed of the rivers Júcar and Segura. Southern areas of Valencia including Denia were thus secured to Aragon.

During his reign Aragonese influence north of the Pyrenees reached its zenith, a natural tendency given the affinity between the Occitan and Catalan dominions of the Crown of Aragon. His realms incorporated not only Provence, but also the counties of Cerdanya and Roussillon (inherited in 1172). Béarn and Bigorre paid homage to him in 1187. Alfonso's involvement in the affairs of Languedoc, which would cost the life of his successor, Peter II of Aragon, for the moment proved highly beneficial, strengthening Aragonese trade and stimulating emigration from the north to colonise the newly reconquered lands in Aragon.

In 1186, he helped establish Aragonese influence in Sardinia when he supported his cousin Agalbursa, the widow of the deceased Judge of Arborea, Barison II, in placing her grandson, the child of her eldest daughter Ispella, Hugh, on the throne of Arborea in opposition to Peter of Serra.

Alfonso II provided the first land grant to the Cistercian monks on the banks of the Ebro River in the Aragon region, which would become the site of the first Cistercian monastery in this region. Real Monasterio de Nuestra Senora de Rueda was founded in the year 1202 and utilized some of the first hydrological technology in the region for harnessing water power and river diversion for the purpose of building central heating.

He died at Perpignan in 1196.

[edit] Literary patronage and poetry

He was a noted poet of his time and a close friend of King Richard the Lionheart. One tensó, apparently composed by him and Giraut de Bornelh, forms part of the poetical debate as to whether a lady is dishonoured by taking a lover who is richer than herself. The debate had been begun by Guilhem de Saint-Leidier and was taken up by Azalais de Porcairagues and Raimbaut of Orange; there was also a partimen on the topic between Dalfi d'Alvernha and Perdigon.

Alfonso and his love affairs are mentioned in poems by many troubadours, including Guillem de Berguedà (who criticized his dealings with Azalais of Toulouse) and Peire Vidal, who commended Alfonso's decision to marry Sancha rather than Eudokia Komnene that he had preferred a poor Castilian maid to the emperor Manuel's golden camel.

[edit] Marriage and descendants

Alfonso and Sancho, surrounded by the women of court. From the Liber feudorum maior.

Wife, Sancha of Castile, daughter of king Alfonso VII of Castile, b. 1155 or 1157, d. 1208

* Constance, married Emeric of Hungary and later Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor
* Eleanor, married Raymond VI of Toulouse
* Peter the Catholic, successor
* Douce (Dolça), nun
* Alfonso, Count of Provence
* Ferdinand, Abbot of Montearagon, d. after 1227
* Ramon Berenguer, d. in the 1190s
* Sancha of Aragon, married Raymond VII, in March 1211. They had one daughter, Joan, and were divorced in 1241.
[edit] External links

* Miroslav Marek, genealogy.euweb.cz
[edit] References

1. ^ "Alfonso II el Casto, hijo de Petronila y Ramón Berenguer IV, nació en Huesca en 1157;". Cfr. Josefina Mateu Ibars, María Dolores Mateu Ibars, Colectánea paleográfica de la Corona de Aragon: Siglo IX-XVIII, Universitat Barcelona, 1980, p. 546. ISBN 8475286941, ISBN 9788475286945.
2. ^ T. N. Bisson, "The Rise of Catalonia: Identity, Power, and Ideology in a Twelfth-Century Society," Annales: Economies, Sociétés, Civilisations, xxxix (1984), translated in Medieval France and her Pyrenean Neighbours: Studies in Early Institutional History (London: Hambledon, 1989), pp. 179.
Preceded by

Petronila King of Aragon

1162-1196 Succeeded by

Peter II

Preceded by

Ramon Berenguer IV Count of Barcelona

1162-1196

Preceded by

Douce II of Provence Count of Provence

1167-1171 Succeeded by

Ramon Berenguer III

[show]

v • d • e

Infantes of Aragon

BIOGRAPHY: b. 1152, Barcelona

d. 1196, Perpignan, Roussillon

count of Barcelona from 1162 and king of Aragon from 1164.

The son of Ramón Berenguer IV, Alfonso succeeded his father as count of Barcelona and his mother as ruler of Aragon, thus associating the two countries under the house of Barcelona--a union that was destined to be permanent. Aragonese involvement in France became steadily greater during Alfonso's reign. Nevertheless, the conquest of Teruel (1171) opened the way for the conquest of Valencia; and, in 1179, the pact of Cazorla with his ally, Alfonso VIII of Castile, fixed the future zones of reconquest for the two countries. In his will Alfonso followed the Spanish custom of dividing his kingdom; Provence was thus lost to the Aragonese crown.

Copyright © 1994-2001 Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.

History: Aragon, history of

After the Romans defeated the Carthaginians during the Punic Wars, Aragón became part of the Roman province of Hispania Tarraconensis. The Visigoths conquered the region late in the 5th century, the Moors in the 8th century. Subsequently the region was incorporated with the kingdom of Navarre. In 1035 Ramiro I , a son of the Navarrese ruler Sancho III , established Aragón as an independent kingdom. Navarre was annexed in 1076, and during the next 100 years additional territory was added by successful wars against the Moors. In 1137 Aragón was united with Catalonia and Barcelona. Aragón grew into a leading Mediterranean naval power around the port of Barcelona. The kings of Aragón gained possession of the Balearic Islands, Sicily, Sardinia, and Naples during the next two centuries. In 1238 the important city of Valencia was captured by Aragón from the Moors. The marriage of Ferdinand II of Aragón (later Ferdinand V of Castile) to Isabella I of Castile united those two regions. Formal merger of the two kingdoms took place on the accession of Charles I in 1516, but Aragón retained its own administration and representative institutions until the end of the 17th century. Area, 47,669 sq km (18,405 sq mi).

Alfonso II Raimond, Rey de Aragón also went by the nick-name of Alfonso 'the Chaste' (?).3 He succeeded to the title of Conde de Barcelona in 1162.4 He gained the title of Rey Alfonso II de Aragón in 1162.2 He succeeded to the title of Comte de Provence in 1166.5

Alfonso II (Aragon) or Alfons I (Provence and Barcelona) (1152 – 1196), called the Chaste or the Troubadour, was the King of Aragon and Count of Barcelona from 1162 until his death. He was the son of Ramon Berenguer IV of Barcelona and Petronilla of Aragon and the first King of Aragon who was also Count of Barcelona. He is thus sometimes called, like his successors, especially by Catalan historians, the "count-king". He was also Count of Provence from 1167, when he unchivalrously wrested it from the heiress Douce II, until 1173, when he ceded it to his brother Berenguer. His reign has been characterised by nationalistic and nostalgic Catalan historians, with little following, as l'engrandiment occitànic or "the Pyrenean unity": a great scheme to unite all the Occitan-Catalan speaking lands on both sides of the Pyrenees under the rule of the House of Barcelona.

Alfonso II (in Aragon) or Alfons I (in Provence and Barcelona), called "the Chaste," or "the Troubadour," was the King of Aragón and Count of Barcelona from 1162 until his death. He was also Count of Provence from 1167, when he unchivalrously wrested it from the heiress Douce II, until 1173, when he ceded it to his brother Berenguer.

Alfonso's reign has been characterized by nationalistic and nostalgic Catalan historians, with little following, as l'engrandiment occitànic or "the Pyrenean unity": a great scheme to unite various lands on both sides of the Pyrenees under the rule of the House of Barcelona.

Born Raymond Berengar (Ramon Berenguer), he ascended the united throne of Aragón and Barcelona as Alfonso, changing his name in deference to the Aragonese, to honor King Alfonso I.

For most of his reign he was allied with King Alfonso VIII of Castile, both against Navarre and against the Moorish taifa kingdoms of the south. In his Reconquista effort Alfonso pushed as far as Teruel, conquering this important stronghold on the road to Valencia in 1171. The same year saw him capturing Caspe.

During his reign Aragonese influence north of the Pyrenees reached its zenith, a natural tendency given the affinity between the Occitan and Catalan dominions of the Crown of Aragón. His realms incorporated not only Provence, but also the counties of Cerdanya and Roussillon (inherited in 1172). Béarn and Bigorre paid homage to him in 1187. Alfonso's involvement in the affairs of Languedoc proved highly beneficial, strengthening Aragonese trade and stimulating emigration from the north to colonise the newly reconquered lands in Aragón.

Alfonso was a noted poet of his time and a close friend of King Richard the Lionheart. One tensó, apparently composed by him and Giraut de Bornelh, forms part of the poetical debate as to whether a lady is dishonored by taking a lover who is richer than herself. The debate had been begun by Guilhem de Saint-Leidier and was taken up by Azalais de Porcairagues and Raimbaut of Orange; there was also a partimen on the topic between Dalfi d'Alvernha and Perdigon.

Alfonso and his love affairs are mentioned in poems by many troubadours, including Guillem de Berguedà (who criticized his dealings with Azalais of Toulouse) and Peire Vidal, who commended Alfonso's decision to marry Sancha of Castile rather than Eudokia Komnene that he had preferred a poor Castilian maid to the emperor Manuel's golden camel.

See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfonso_II_of_Aragon#cite_ref-0 for more information.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfonso_II_of_Aragon

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfonso_II_of_Aragon
En mi nuevo libro LA SORPRENDENTE GENEALOGÍA DE MIS TATARABUELOS, encontrarán a este y muchos otros de sus ancestros con un resumen biográfico de cada uno. El libro está disponible en: amazon.com barnesandnoble.com palibrio.com. Les será de mucha utilidad y diversión. Ramón Rionda
In my new book LA SORPRENDENTE GENEALOGÍA DE MIS TATARABUELOS, you will find this and many other of your ancestors, with a biography summary of each of them. The book is now available at: amazon.com barnesandnoble.com palibrio.com. Check it up, it’s worth it. Ramón Rionda

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Also Known As: English (default): el Casto, the Chaste, the Troubadour, King of Aragon, Alfons I, Count of Barcelona
Occupation: Rey de Aragón (1162-1196), conde de Barcelona (1162-1196), comte de Provence (1166-1196), comte de Roussillon (1172)
Ethnicity: Spanish
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Linea Genetica N°1 FAMILIA |•••► ALFONSO
_________________________________________________________________________________________________

1.- 1157 ALFONSO II EL CASTO REY DE ARAGÓN |•••► Pais:España
PADRE: Ramon Berenguer IV the Saint, Count of Barcelona Ref: 182717
MADRE: Petronila Ramírez, Reina De Aragón


_________________________________________________________________________________________________
2.- 1113 RAMON BERENGUER IV THE SAINT, COUNT OF BARCELONA REF: 182717 |•••► Pais:España
PADRE: Ramon Berenguer Iii El Gran, Comte De Barcelona Ref: 181110
MADRE: Douce I De Gévaudan, Comtesse De Provence


_________________________________________________________________________________________________
3.- 1082 RAMON BERENGUER III EL GRAN, COMTE DE BARCELONA REF: 181110 |•••► Pais:FRANCIA
PADRE: Ramón Berenguer II de Barcelona Ref: 181111
MADRE: Mathilde Hauteville, of Apulia


_________________________________________________________________________________________________
Linea Genetica N°2 FAMILIA |•••► PETRONILA
_________________________________________________________________________________________________

1.- 1136 PETRONILA RAMÍREZ, REINA DE ARAGÓN  |•••► Pais:españa
PADRE: Ramiro Ii El Monje, Rey De Aragón
MADRE: Inés De Poitou, Reina Consorte De Aragón


_________________________________________________________________________________________________
2.-  RAMIRO II EL MONJE, REY DE ARAGÓN |•••► Pais:
PADRE: Sancho Ii Ramírez, Rey De Aragón
MADRE: Felícia de Roucy, reina consorte de Aragón


_________________________________________________________________________________________________
Linea Genetica N°3 FAMILIA |•••► DOUCE
_________________________________________________________________________________________________

1.- 1056 DOUCE I DE GÉVAUDAN, COMTESSE DE PROVENCE  |•••► Pais:españa
PADRE: Gilbert I, Vicomte De Millau Et Gévaudan
MADRE: Gerberge, Comtesse De Provence


_________________________________________________________________________________________________
Linea Genetica N°4 FAMILIA |•••► INÉS
_________________________________________________________________________________________________

1.- 1100 INÉS DE POITOU, REINA CONSORTE DE ARAGÓN  |•••► Pais:France
PADRE: Guillaume Ix Le Troubadour, Duc D'aquitaine
MADRE: Philippa De Toulouse, Comtesse De Poitiers


_________________________________________________________________________________________________
2.-  GUILLAUME IX LE TROUBADOUR, DUC D'AQUITAINE |•••► Pais:
PADRE:
MADRE:


_________________________________________________________________________________________________

Pedro Ii El Católico, Rey De Aragón ★ |•••► #España #Genealogia #Genealogy ♛

Pedro II el Católico, rey de Aragón is your 21st great grandfather.
You → Carlos Juan Felipe Antonio Vicente De La Cruz Urdaneta Alamo
   →  Enrique Jorge Urdaneta Lecuna
your father →  Elena Cecilia Lecuna Escobar
his mother →  María Elena de la Concepción Escobar Llamosas
her mother → Cecilia Cayetana de la Merced Llamosas Vaamonde de Escobar
her mother →  Cipriano Fernando de Las Llamosas y García
her father → José Lorenzo de las Llamozas Silva
his father →  Joseph Julián Llamozas Ranero
his father →  Manuel Llamosas y Requecens
his father →  Isabel de Requesens
his mother →  Luis de Requeséns y Zúñiga, Virrey de Holanda
her father →  Juan de Zúñiga Avellaneda y Velasco
his father → Pedro de Zúñiga y Avellaneda, II conde de Miranda del Castañar
his father →  Aldonza Ochoa de Avellaneda, X Señora de Avellaneda
his mother → Constanza Ramirez De Arellano
her mother →  Constanza de Sarmiento Enríquez de Castilla
her mother →  Leonor de Castilla
her mother → Fadrique Alfonso, I señor de Haro
her father →  Alfonso XI the Just, King of Castile and León
his father →  Constance of Portugal
his mother → Saint Elizabeth of Portugal
her mother →  Pedro III el Grande, rey de Aragón
her father →  James I the Conqueror, King of Aragon
his father → Pedro II el Católico, rey de Aragón
his father
<---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------->
Pedro II de Aragón, el Católico, rey de Aragón y conde de Barcelona entre los años 1196 y 1213, hijo del Rey Alfonso II "el Casto" de Aragón.

Renovó la infeudación de Aragón a San Pedro (que habían hecho años antes Sancho Ramírez y Pedro I), tras su coronación por el papa Inocencio III en la basílica de San Pancracio de Roma el día 4 de febrero de 1204.

Presenta el hecho resaltable de ser el primer monarca del reino que es coronado. A partir de él y por concesión de la Santa Sede por bula dictada el día 6 de junio de 1205, los monarcas aragoneses podrán coronarse, debiendo hacerlo en la Seo de Zaragoza, de manos del arzobispo de Tarragona y después de haber solicitado la corona al papa. La concesión se hizo extensiva a las reinas.

El gobierno de Pedro II es un periodo que podemos calificar de triste. Absorbido por su política internacional, tan sólo lograría recuperar alguna posición avanzada: Mora de Rubielos (1198), Manzanera (1202), Rubielos de Mora (1203), Camarena (1205), Castielfabib y Ademuz (1210). Participó en la decisiva batalla de Las Navas de Tolosa 1212 junto a castellanos y navarros.

Casado en 1204 con María de Montpellier (matrimonio forzado por intereses en el Mediodía francés), su vida familiar estuvo a punto de crear una situación de crisis sucesoria, que sin duda hubiera provocado la separación de Aragón y el condado catalán. La reina María dio un heredero, Jaime I que al menos sirvió para que la dinastía continuara en ambos territorios.

Murió el día 12 de septiembre de 1213 en Muret.

Pedro II y los albigenses [editar]

Territorios vasallos de Pedro II el Católico y aliados tolosanos por los juramentos del 27 de enero de 1213, en vísperas de la Batalla de Muret

Territorios vasallos de Pedro II el Católico y aliados tolosanos por los juramentos del 27 de enero de 1213, en vísperas de la Batalla de Muret

Los intereses de Pedro el Católico se extendían por alianzas de familia a lo que más tarde se llamaría Occitania, en el Mediodía de Francia: había casado con María, heredera del conde de Montpellier, y su hermana Leonor se había unido en matrimonio con el conde Ramón VI de Tolosa. Los territorios vasallos se extendían a Ramón-Roger Trencavel, vizconde de Beziers y Carcasona.

A finales del siglo XIII la influencia del catarismo, una religión proveniente de Europa del Este y cuyos seguidores, los “cátaros”, se conocieron con la denominación de “albigenses” en razón de su profusión en la ciudad de Albi, en los territorios del condado de Toulouse y vecinos se había afianzado en las élites y clases acomodadas, amenazando la hegemonía de la Iglesia romana y despertando al mismo tiempo, por la prosperidad de aquellas, la ambición de las baronías de Isla de Francia y aliados de la corona francesa, dispuestos a servirse de cualquier excusa para intervenir en los territorios de la Langue d'oc.

El papa Inocencio III por su parte, se mostró siempre complaciente y predispuesto hacia las empresas del rey francés con quien habría de aliarse militarmente en Bouwines y a quien encomendaría la acción de castigo contra Inglaterra; por supuesto, él mismo albergaba su propio deseo de atajar la "herejía" y reducir a sus prosélitos a la obediencia a Roma. De esta comunión de intereses surgió la cruzada contra los albigenses que el papa predicó en toda la cristiandad, especialmente en Isla de Francia, y que legitimó al monarca francés para enviar contra los territorios considerados desviacionistas por Roma, un poderoso ejército mandado por Simón de Montfort. El resultado de la guerra "relámpago" llegó tras la brutal toma de Beziers, cuya matanza se hizo célebre por la frase atribuída según las crónicas, pero luego objeto de controversia entre los especialistas, a Montfort, y el sitio de Carcasona en el verano de 1209, quedando sometidas las tierras de la familia Trencavel.

El Santo Padre, otorgó el señorío de los feudos de la familia Trencavel, que lo eran del reino aragonés, a Simón, mientras éste avanzaba hacia las posesiones del conde de Toulouse.

Más tarde, por el Concilio de Letrán (1214), el papa desposeyó a Raimundo de Tolosa y a sus herederos de sus posesiones tolosanas que entregó a Simón de Montfort, quien a su vez, puso todos los territorios conseguidos al amparo del rey de Francia. Sin embargo, Raimundo hizo valer el pacto secreto acordado con Pedro II el 27 de enero de 1213 y este, tras algunas dudas, reunió finalmente un ejército con el que se presentó ante Simón de Montfort a proximidad de Muret.

Pedro II de Aragón resultó muerto al ser rápidamente alcanzado y aislado por los caballeros franceses, causando el desorden entre las fuerzas tolosanoaragonesas. La derrota de Muret supuso el abandono de las pretensiones de la corona de Aragón sobre los territorios ultrapirenáicos y de acuerdo al historiador, Michel Roquebert, el final de la posible formación de un poderoso reino aragonés-occitano que hubiera cambiado el curso de la historia de España[1

Peter II the Catholic (Huesca, 1178[1] – 12 September 1213) was the King of Aragon (as Pedro II) and Count of Barcelona (as Pere I) from 1196 to 1213.

He was the son of Alfonso II of Aragon and Sancha of Castile. In 1205 he acknowledged the feudal supremacy of the Papacy and was crowned in Rome by Pope Innocent III, swearing to defend the Catholic faith (hence his surname, "the Catholic"). He was the first king of Aragon to be crowned by the Pope.

In the first decade of the thirteenth century he commissioned the Liber feudorum Ceritaniae, an illustrated codex cartulary for the counties of Cerdagne, Conflent, and Roussillon.

On June 15, 1204 he married (as her third husband) Marie of Montpellier, daughter and heiress of William VIII of Montpellier by Eudocia Comnena. She gave him a son, James, but Peter soon discarded her. Marie was popularly venerated as a saint for her piety and marital suffering, but was never canonized; she died in Rome in 1213.

He participated in the Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa in 1212 that marked the turning point of Arab domination on the Iberian peninsula.

Peter returned from Las Navas in autumn 1212 to find that Simon de Montfort had conquered Toulouse, exiling Count Raymond VI of Toulouse, who was Peter's brother-in-law and vassal. Peter crossed the Pyrenees and arrived at Muret in September 1213 to confront Montfort's army. He was accompanied by Raymond of Toulouse, who tried to persuade Peter to avoid battle and instead starve out Montfort's forces. This suggestion was rejected.

The Battle of Muret began on September 12, 1213. The Aragonese forces were disorganized and disintegrated under the assault of Montfort's squadrons. Peter himself was caught in the thick of fighting, and died as a result of a foolhardy act of bravado. He was thrown to the ground and killed. The Aragonese forces broke in panic when their king was slain and the crusaders of Montfort won the day.

Upon Peter's death the kingdom passed to his only son by Marie of Montpellier, the future James the Conqueror.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_II_of_Aragon

Peter II the Catholic (1174 – 12 September 1213) was the King of Aragon (as Pedro II) and Count of Barcelona (as Pere I) from 1196 to 1213.

He was the son of Alfonso II of Aragon and Sancha of Castile. In 1205 he acknowledged the feudal supremacy of the Papacy and was crowned in Rome by Pope Innocent III, swearing to defend the Catholic faith (hence his surname, "the Catholic"). He was the first king of Aragon to be crowned by the Pope.

In the first decade of the thirteenth century he commissioned the Liber feudorum Ceritaniae, an illustrated codex cartulary for the counties of Cerdagne, Conflent, and Roussillon.

On June 15, 1204 he married (as her third husband) Marie of Montpellier, daughter and heiress of William VIII of Montpellier by Eudocia Comnena. She gave him a son, James, but Peter soon discarded her. Marie was popularly venerated as a saint for her piety and marital suffering, but was never canonized; she died in Rome in 1213.

He participated in the Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa in 1212 that marked the turning point of Arab domination on the Iberian peninsula.

Peter returned from Las Navas in autumn 1212 to find that Simon de Montfort had conquered Toulouse, exiling Count Raymond VI of Toulouse, who was Peter's brother-in-law and vassal. Peter crossed the Pyrenees and arrived at Muret in September 1213 to confront Montfort's army. He was accompanied by Raymond of Toulouse, who tried to persuade Peter to avoid battle and instead starve out Montfort's forces. This suggestion was rejected.

The Battle of Muret began on September 12, 1213. The Aragonese forces were disorganized and disintegrated under the assault of Montfort's squadrons. Peter himself was caught in the thick of fighting, and died as a result of a foolhardy act of bravado. He was thrown to the ground and killed. The Aragonese forces broke in panic when their king was slain and the crusaders of Montfort won the day.

Upon Peter's death the kingdom passed to his only son by Marie of Montpellier, the future James the Conqueror.

Peter II of Aragon

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Peter II of Aragon (1174 – September 12, 1213), surnamed the Catholic, was the king of Aragon (as Pedro II) and count of Barcelona (as Pere I) from 1196 to 1213.

He was the son of Alfonso II of Aragon and Sancha of Castile. In 1205 he acknowledged the feudal supremacy of the Papacy and was crowned in Rome by Pope Innocent III, swearing to defend the Catholic faith (hence his surname, "the Catholic"). He was the first king of Aragon to be crowned by the Pope.

On June 15, 1204 he married (as her third husband) Marie of Montpellier, daughter and heiress of William VIII of Montpellier by Eudocia Comnena. She gave him a son, James, but Peter soon discarded her. Marie was popularly venerated as a saint for her piety and marital suffering, but was never canonized; she died in Rome in 1213.

He led the Christian forces to defeat the Moors at the Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa in 1212.

Peter returned from Las Navas in autumn 1212 to find that Simon de Montfort had conquered Toulouse, exiling Count Raymond VI of Toulouse, who was Peter's brother-in-law and vassal. Peter crossed the Pyrenees and arrived at Muret in September 1213 to confront Montfort's army. He was accompanied by Raymond of Toulouse, who tried to persuade Peter to avoid battle and instead starve out Montfort's forces. This suggestion was rejected.

The Battle of Muret began on September 12, 1213. The Aragonese forces were disorganized and disintegrated under the assault of Montfort's squadrons. Peter himself was caught in the thick of fighting, and died as a result of a foolhardy act of bravado. He was thrown to the ground and killed. The Aragonese forces broke in panic when their king was slain and the crusaders of Montfort won the day.

Upon Peter's death the kingdom passed to his only son by Marie of Montpellier, the future James the Conqueror.

Peter II of Aragon (1174 – September 12, 1213), surnamed the Catholic, was the king of Aragon (as Pedro II) and count of Barcelona (as Pere I) from 1196 to 1213.

He was the son of Alfonso II of Aragon and Sancha of Castile. In 1205 he acknowledged the feudal supremacy of the Papacy and was crowned in Rome by Pope Innocent III, swearing to defend the Catholic faith (hence his surname, "the Catholic"). He was the first king of Aragon to be crowned by the Pope.

On June 15, 1204 he married (as her third husband) Marie of Montpellier, daughter and heiress of William VIII of Montpellier by Eudocia Comnena. She gave him a son, James, but Peter soon discarded her. Marie was popularly venerated as a saint for her piety and marital suffering, but was never canonized; she died in Rome in 1213.

He led the Christian forces to defeat the Moors at the Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa in 1212.

Peter returned from Las Navas in autumn 1212 to find that Simon de Montfort had conquered Toulouse, exiling Count Raymond VI of Toulouse, who was Peter's brother-in-law and vassal. Peter crossed the Pyrenees and arrived at Muret in September 1213 to confront Montfort's army. He was accompanied by Raymond of Toulouse, who tried to persuade Peter to avoid battle and instead starve out Montfort's forces. This suggestion was rejected.

The Battle of Muret began on September 12, 1213. The Aragonese forces were disorganized and disintegrated under the assault of Montfort's squadrons. Peter himself was caught in the thick of fighting, and died as a result of a foolhardy act of bravado. He was thrown to the ground and killed. The Aragonese forces broke in panic when their king was slain and the crusaders of Montfort won the day.

Upon Peter's death the kingdom passed to his only son by Marie of Montpellier, the future James the Conqueror.

Peter II the Catholic (Huesca, 1178[1] – 12 September 1213) was the King of Aragon (as Pedro II) and Count of Barcelona (as Pere I) from 1196 to 1213.

He was the son of Alfonso II of Aragon and Sancha of Castile. In 1205 he acknowledged the feudal supremacy of the Papacy and was crowned in Rome by Pope Innocent III, swearing to defend the Catholic faith (hence his surname, "the Catholic"). He was the first king of Aragon to be crowned by the Pope.

In the first decade of the thirteenth century he commissioned the Liber feudorum Ceritaniae, an illustrated codex cartulary for the counties of Cerdagne, Conflent, and Roussillon.

On June 15, 1204 he married (as her third husband) Marie of Montpellier, daughter and heiress of William VIII of Montpellier by Eudocia Comnena. She gave him a son, James, but Peter soon discarded her. Marie was popularly venerated as a saint for her piety and marital suffering, but was never canonized; she died in Rome in 1213.

He participated in the Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa in 1212 that marked the turning point of Arab domination on the Iberian peninsula.

Peter returned from Las Navas in autumn 1212 to find that Simon de Montfort had conquered Toulouse, exiling Count Raymond VI of Toulouse, who was Peter's brother-in-law and vassal. Peter crossed the Pyrenees and arrived at Muret in September 1213 to confront Montfort's army. He was accompanied by Raymond of Toulouse, who tried to persuade Peter to avoid battle and instead starve out Montfort's forces. This suggestion was rejected.

The Battle of Muret began on September 12, 1213. The Aragonese forces were disorganized and disintegrated under the assault of Montfort's squadrons. Peter himself was caught in the thick of fighting, and died as a result of a foolhardy act of bravado. He was thrown to the ground and killed. The Aragonese forces broke in panic when their king was slain and the crusaders of Montfort won the day.

Upon Peter's death the kingdom passed to his only son by Marie of Montpellier, the future James the Conqueror.

[edit] Ancestors

Peter's ancestors in three generations Peter II of Aragon Father:

Alfonso II of Aragon Paternal Grandfather:

Ramon Berenguer IV, Count of Barcelona Paternal Great-grandfather:

Ramon Berenguer III, Count of Barcelona

Paternal Great-grandmother:

Douce I of Provence

Paternal Grandmother:

Petronila of Aragon Paternal Great-grandfather:

Ramiro II of Aragon

Paternal Great-grandmother:

Agnes of Aquitaine

Mother:

Sancha of Castile Maternal Grandfather:

Alfonso VII of León and Castile Maternal Great-grandfather:

Raymond of Burgundy

Maternal Great-grandmother:

Urraca of León and Castile

Maternal Grandmother:

Richeza of Poland Maternal Great-grandfather:

Władysław II the Exile

Maternal Great-grandmother:

Agnes of Babenberg

[edit] References

^ Antonio Ubieto Arteta, Creación y desarrollo de la Corona de Aragón, Zaragoza, Anubar (Historia de Aragón), 1987, págs. 187-188. ISBN 84-7013-227-X.

[edit] Sources

Sumption, Jonathan. The Albigensian Crusade. 2000.

Preceded by

Alfonso II King of Aragon,

Count of Barcelona

1196–1213 Succeeded by

James I

Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_II_of_Aragon"

Wikipedia:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_II_of_Aragon

Peter II the Catholic (Huesca, 1178[1] – 12 September 1213) was the King of Aragon (as Pedro II) and Count of Barcelona (as Pere I) from 1196 to 1213.

He was the son of Alfonso II of Aragon and Sancha of Castile. In 1205 he acknowledged the feudal supremacy of the Papacy and was crowned in Rome by Pope Innocent III, swearing to defend the Catholic faith (hence his surname, "the Catholic"). He was the first king of Aragon to be crowned by the Pope.

In the first decade of the thirteenth century he commissioned the Liber feudorum Ceritaniae, an illustrated codex cartulary for the counties of Cerdagne, Conflent, and Roussillon.

On June 15, 1204 he married (as her third husband) Marie of Montpellier, daughter and heiress of William VIII of Montpellier by Eudocia Comnena. She gave him a son, James, but Peter soon discarded her. Marie was popularly venerated as a saint for her piety and marital suffering, but was never canonized; she died in Rome in 1213.

He participated in the Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa in 1212 that marked the turning point of Arab domination on the Iberian peninsula.

Peter returned from Las Navas in autumn 1212 to find that Simon de Montfort had conquered Toulouse, exiling Count Raymond VI of Toulouse, who was Peter's brother-in-law and vassal.[expand] Peter crossed the Pyrenees and arrived at Muret in September 1213 to confront Montfort's army. He was accompanied by Raymond of Toulouse, who tried to persuade Peter to avoid battle and instead starve out Montfort's forces. This suggestion was rejected.

The Battle of Muret began on September 12, 1213. The Aragonese forces were disorganized and disintegrated under the assault of Montfort's squadrons. Peter himself was caught in the thick of fighting, and died as a result of a foolhardy act of bravado. He was thrown to the ground and killed. The Aragonese forces broke in panic when their king was slain and the crusaders of Montfort won the day.

Upon Peter's death the kingdom passed to his only son by Marie of Montpellier, the future James the Conqueror.

[edit] Ancestry

[show]

v • d • e

Ancestors of Peter II of Aragon

16. Ramon Berenguer II, Count of Barcelona

8. Ramon Berenguer III, Count of Barcelona

17. Maud of Apulia

4. Ramon Berenguer IV, Count of Barcelona

18. Gilbert I, Count of Gévaudan

9. Douce I, Countess of Provence

19. Gerberga, Countess of Provence

2. Alfonso II of Aragon

20. Sancho V of Aragon and Navarre

10. Ramiro II of Aragon

21. Felicia of Roucy

5. Petronila of Aragon

22. William IX, Duke of Aquitaine

11. Agnes of Aquitaine

23. Philippa, Countess of Toulouse

1. Peter II of Aragon

24. William I, Count of Burgundy

12. Raymond of Burgundy

25. Etiennete

6. Alfonso VII of León and Castile

26. Alfonso VI of León and Castile

13. Urraca of León and Castile

27. Constance of Burgundy

3. Sancha of Castile

28. Bolesław III Wrymouth

14. Władysław II the Exile

29. Zbyslava of Kiev

7. Richeza of Castile

30. Leopold III, Margrave of Austria

15. Agnes of Babenberg

31. Agnes of Germany

[edit] References

1. ^ Antonio Ubieto Arteta, Creación y desarrollo de la Corona de Aragón, Zaragoza, Anubar (Historia de Aragón), 1987, págs. 187-188. ISBN 84-7013-227-X.
[edit] Sources

* Sumption, Jonathan. The Albigensian Crusade. 2000.
Preceded by

Alfonso II King of Aragon,

Count of Barcelona

1196–1213 Succeeded by

James I

[show]

v • d • e

Infantes of Aragon

Peter II of Aragon (1174 – September 12, 1213), surnamed the Catholic, was the king of Aragon (as Pedro II) and count of Barcelona (as Pere I) from 1196 to 1213.

He was the son of Alfonso II of Aragon and Sancha of Castile. In 1205 he acknowledged the feudal supremacy of the Papacy and was crowned in Rome by Pope Innocent III, swearing to defend the Catholic faith (hence his surname, "the Catholic"). He was the first king of Aragon to be crowned by the Pope.

On June 15, 1204 he married (as her third husband) Marie of Montpellier, daughter and heiress of William VIII of Montpellier by Eudocia Comnena. She gave him a son, James, but Peter soon discarded her. Marie was popularly venerated as a saint for her piety and marital suffering, but was never canonized; she died in Rome in 1213.

He led the Christian forces to defeat the Moors at the Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa in 1212.

Peter returned from Las Navas in autumn 1212 to find that Simon de Montfort had conquered Toulouse, exiling Count Raymond VI of Toulouse, who was Peter's brother-in-law and vassal. Peter crossed the Pyrenees and arrived at Muret in September 1213 to confront Montfort's army. He was accompanied by Raymond of Toulouse, who tried to persuade Peter to avoid battle and instead starve out Montfort's forces. This suggestion was rejected.

The Battle of Muret began on September 12, 1213. The Aragonese forces were disorganized and disintegrated under the assault of Montfort's squadrons. Peter himself was caught in the thick of fighting, and died as a result of a foolhardy act of bravado. He was thrown to the ground and killed. The Aragonese forces broke in panic when their king was slain and the crusaders of Montfort won the day.

Upon Peter's death the kingdom passed to his only son by Marie of Montpellier, the future James the Conqueror.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_II_of_Aragon

Afonso II de Aragão repartira em testamento os seus domínios pelos seus dois filhos Pedro e Afonso. O primeiro herdou a Coroa de Aragão (Aragão, Catalunha e territórios dependentes), e a Provença foi herdada por Afonso II da Provença.
Afresco do século XIII representando o papa Inocêncio IIIO acto por que Pedro II é mais famoso é a renovação da vassalagem de Aragão ao trono de S. Pedro, tal como antes o tinham feito Sancho Ramires e Pedro I. De facto, foi o primeiro monarca deste reino a ser coroado pelo papado, na igreja de S. Pancrácio em Roma a 4 de Fevereiro de 1204.

A partir do seu reinado, e por bula papal de 6 de Junho de 1205, os monarcas aragoneses passaram a poder ser coroados pela Santa Sé, devendo fazê-lo na sé de Saragoça pelo arcebispo de Tarragona, depois de solicitar a coroa ao papa. Esta concessão foi extensiva a rainhas. Por este renovar de relações com a Igreja, foi cognominado de o Católico.

En mi nuevo libro LA SORPRENDENTE GENEALOGÍA DE MIS TATARABUELOS, encontrarán a este y muchos otros de sus ancestros con un resumen biográfico de cada uno. El libro está disponible en: amazon.com barnesandnoble.com palibrio.com. Les será de mucha utilidad y diversión. Ramón Rionda

In my new book LA SORPRENDENTE GENEALOGÍA DE MIS TATARABUELOS, you will find this and many other of your ancestors, with a biography summary of each of them. The book is now available at: amazon.com barnesandnoble.com palibrio.com. Check it up, it’s worth it. Ramón Rionda

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 ______________________________________________________________________-

Linea Genetica N°1 FAMILIA |•••► PEDRO
_________________________________________________________________________________________________

1.- 1178 PEDRO II EL CATÓLICO, REY DE ARAGÓN |•••► Pais:España
PADRE: Alfonso Ii El Casto Rey De Aragón
MADRE: Sancha of Castile


_________________________________________________________________________________________________
2.- 1157 ALFONSO II EL CASTO REY DE ARAGÓN |•••► Pais:España
PADRE: Ramon Berenguer IV the Saint, Count of Barcelona Ref: 182717
MADRE: Petronila Ramírez, Reina De Aragón


_________________________________________________________________________________________________
3.- 1113 RAMON BERENGUER IV THE SAINT, COUNT OF BARCELONA REF: 182717 |•••► Pais:España
PADRE: Ramon Berenguer Iii El Gran, Comte De Barcelona Ref: 181110
MADRE: Douce I De Gévaudan, Comtesse De Provence


_________________________________________________________________________________________________
4.- 1082 RAMON BERENGUER III EL GRAN, COMTE DE BARCELONA REF: 181110 |•••► Pais:FRANCIA
PADRE: Ramón Berenguer II de Barcelona Ref: 181111
MADRE: Mathilde Hauteville, of Apulia


_________________________________________________________________________________________________
Linea Genetica N°2 FAMILIA |•••► SANCHA
_________________________________________________________________________________________________

1.- 1154 SANCHA OF CASTILE  |•••► Pais:España
PADRE: Alfonso VII the Emperor, King of Castile and Leon
MADRE: Richeza of Poland, Queen of Castile and León


_________________________________________________________________________________________________
2.- 1105 ALFONSO VII THE EMPEROR, KING OF CASTILE AND LEON |•••► Pais:España
PADRE: Raymond of Burgundy, Count of Galicia
MADRE: Urraca I, reina de Castilla y León


_________________________________________________________________________________________________
3.- 1070 RAYMOND OF BURGUNDY, COUNT OF GALICIA |•••► Pais:
PADRE: William the Great, Count of Burgundy
MADRE: Stephanie de Borgoña Ivrea


_________________________________________________________________________________________________
4.- 1020 WILLIAM THE GREAT, COUNT OF BURGUNDY |•••► Pais:France
PADRE: Reginald I Comte De Bourgogne Ivrea, Count Palatine Of Burgundy
MADRE: Adeliza (Alice) of Normandy, Countess Of Burgundy


_________________________________________________________________________________________________
5.- 0986 REGINALD I COMTE DE BOURGOGNE IVREA, COUNT PALATINE OF BURGUNDY |•••► Pais:France
PADRE: Otto Guillaume I, comte de Bourgogne et de Mâcon
MADRE: Ermentrude de Roucy


_________________________________________________________________________________________________
6.- 0960 OTTO GUILLAUME I, COMTE DE BOURGOGNE ET DE MÂCON |•••► Pais:Italia
PADRE: Adalbert II, king of Italy
MADRE: Gerberga, Countess of Macon


_________________________________________________________________________________________________
7.- 0932 ADALBERT II, KING OF ITALY |•••► Pais:Italia
PADRE: Berengar II of Ivrea, king of Italy
MADRE: Willa


_________________________________________________________________________________________________
8.- 0900 BERENGAR II OF IVREA, KING OF ITALY |•••► Pais:italia
PADRE: Adelbert I, Margrave of Ivrea
MADRE: Gisla del Friuli


_________________________________________________________________________________________________
9.- 0880 ADELBERT I, MARGRAVE OF IVREA |•••► Pais:Italy
PADRE: Anscar I, count of Oscheret in Burgundy, 1st marquis of Ivrea
MADRE:


_________________________________________________________________________________________________
10.- 0850 ANSCAR I, COUNT OF OSCHERET IN BURGUNDY, 1ST MARQUIS OF IVREA  |•••► Pais:France
PADRE: Amadeus, count of Oscheret
MADRE:


_________________________________________________________________________________________________
11.- 0790 AMADEUS, COUNT OF OSCHERET  |•••► Pais:
PADRE: Unruoch - Hertug Von Friuli
MADRE: Engeltrude - Grevinde Von Paris


_________________________________________________________________________________________________
12.- 0760 UNRUOCH - HERTUG VON FRIULI |•••► Pais:
PADRE: Berenger di Fruili, Greve Af Paris
MADRE: Alpais Caroling Princess HR Empire


_________________________________________________________________________________________________
13.-  BERENGER DI FRUILI, GREVE AF PARIS |•••► Pais:
PADRE: Gérard I, Greve Af Paris

MADRE: Rotrou Prinsesse Af Austrasie


_________________________________________________________________________________________________
14.- 0745 GÉRARD I, GREVE AF PARIS
 |•••► Pais:
PADRE:
MADRE:


_________________________________________________________________________________________________

sábado, 25 de mayo de 2019

Pedro (el Grande) de Aragón, III ★ |•••► #Spain #Genealogia #Genealogy ♛

___________________________________________________________________________
19° Bisabuelo de: Carlos Juan Felipe Antonio Vicente De La Cruz Urdaneta Alamo
____________________________________________________________________________


<---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------->
(Linea Paterna) 
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Pedro III el Grande, rey de Aragón is your 19th great grandfathYou→ Carlos Juan Felipe Antonio Vicente De La Cruz Urdaneta Alamo→  
→   Enrique Jorge Urdaneta Lecuna 
your father →  Elena Cecilia Lecuna Escobar 
his mother →  María Elena de la Concepción Escobar Llamosas 
her mother → Cecilia Cayetana de la Merced Llamosas Vaamonde de Escobar 
her mother →  Cipriano Fernando de Las Llamosas y García 
her father → José Lorenzo de las Llamozas Silva 
his father →  Joseph Julián Llamozas Ranero 
his father →  Manuel Llamosas y Requecens 
his father →  Isabel de Requesens 
his mother →  Luis de Requeséns y Zúñiga, Virrey de Holanda 
her father →  Juan de Zúñiga Avellaneda y Velasco 
his father → Pedro de Zúñiga y Avellaneda, II conde de Miranda del Castañar 
his father →  Aldonza Ochoa de Avellaneda, X Señora de Avellaneda 
his mother → Constanza Ramirez De Arellano 
her mother →  Constanza de Sarmiento Enríquez de Castilla 
her mother →  Leonor de Castilla 
her mother → Fadrique Alfonso, I señor de Haro 
her father →  Alfonso XI the Just, King of Castile and León 
his father →  Constance of Portugal 
his mother → Saint Elizabeth of Portugal 
her mother →  Pedro III el Grande, rey de Aragón 
her father show short path | share this path

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Pedro 'el Grande' de Aragón, III   MP
Spanish: Pedro III el Grande, Rey de Aragón
Gender: Male
Birth: 1239
Death: November 02, 1285 (46)
Vilafranca del Penedès, Catalonia, Spain (Unknown Causes)
Place of Burial: Monasterio De Santa Cruz
Immediate Family:
Son of James I the Conqueror, King of Aragon and Violante de Hungría, reina consorte de Aragón
Husband of Constanza II de Sicilia, reina consorte de Aragón
Partner of María Nicolau and Inés Zapata
Father of Alfonso III el Liberal, rey de Aragón; Jaime II el Justo, rey de Aragón; Saint Elizabeth of Portugal; Frederick II-III de Aragón, king of Sicily; Violante de Aragón, infanta de Aragón and 8 others
Brother of Violante de Aragón, reina consorte de Castilla; Constanza de Aragón, señora consorte de Escalona; Isabel de Aragón, Reina Consorte de Francia; Jaume II, rei de Mallorca; Fernando, infant de Aragón and 4 others
Half brother of Pedro del Rey, obispo de Lérida; Alfonso de Aragón; Jaume I d'Aragó, baró de Xèrica; Pedro de Ayerbe, I barón de Ayerbe, infante de Aragón; Ferran Sanxis, baró de Castre and 2 others
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Pedro III de Aragón

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Wikipedia, Pedro III de Aragón

Pedro III de Aragón (Valencia, 1240 – Villafranca del Penedés, 2 de noviembre de 1285), llamado el Grande, fue hijo de Jaime I el Conquistador y su segunda esposa Violante de Hungría. Sucedió a su padre en 1276 en los títulos de rey de Aragón, rey de Valencia (como Pedro I) y conde de Barcelona (como Pedro II).

Casado el 13 de junio de 1262 en la catedral de Montpellier con Constanza de Hohenstaufen, hija y heredera de Manfredo I de Sicilia, fueron coronados en Zaragoza en una ceremonia en la que Pedro canceló el vasallaje que con el papado había concertado su abuelo Pedro II.

Fruto de su matrimonio con Constanza de Sicilia, nacieron los siguientes hijos del rey:

1.Alfonso III de Aragón (1261-1291), rey de Aragón, Valencia y conde de Barcelona. Sepultado en la Catedral de Barcelona.

2.Jaime II de Aragón (1267-1327), rey de Aragón, Valencia, conde de Barcelona, rey de Cerdeña y de Sicilia. Sepultado en el Monasterio de Santes Creus junto a su esposa Blanca de Nápoles y su padre, Pedro III.

3.La infanta Isabel de Aragón (1271-1336), Santa Isabel de Portugal, reina consorte de Portugal por el matrimonio en 1288 con Dionisio I de Portugal.

4.Federico II de Sicilia (1272-1337), rey de Sicilia.

5.La infanta Violante (1273-1302), casada en 1297 con el infante Roberto de Nápoles, futuro Roberto I.

6.El infante Pedro de Aragón (1275-1296). Sepultado en el desaparecido Convento de San Francisco de Zaragoza, es posible que sus restos fueran trasladados al también desaparecido Convento de San Francisco de Barcelona.

Fruto de su relación extramatrimonial con una dama llamada Doña María Nicolau, el rey tuvo tres hijos ilegítimos:

1.Don Jaime de Aragón (fallecido después de 1285). Señor de Segorbe. Casado con Doña Sancha Fernández, hija de Don Fernando Díaz.

2.Don Juan de Aragón

3.Doña Beatriz de Aragón, esposa de Don Ramón de Cardona, señor de Torá.

De su relación con la dama conocida como Doña Inés Zapata, le nacieron cuatro hijos ilegítimos al rey:

1.Don Fernando de Aragón. Señor de Albarracín

2.Don Sancho de Aragón. Castellano de Amposta.

3.Don Pedro de Aragón, casado con Doña Constanza Méndez Pelita de Silva, hija de Don Suero Méndez de Silva.

4.Doña Teresa de Aragón. Casó en primeras nupcias con Don García Romeu III, ricohombre de Aragón, hijo de García Romeu II. En segundas nupcias contrajo matrimonio con Don Artal de Alagón, señor de Sástago y Pina. En terceras nupcias se desposó con Don Pedro López de Oteiza.

Todo su reinado se centró en la expansión de la Corona de Aragón por el Mediterráneo y para ello aprovechó su matrimonio con Constanza para reivindicar la corona siciliana. Sicilia se encontraba desde 1266 bajo la soberanía de Carlos de Anjou quien, con el apoyo del papa Clemente IV, que no deseaba a ningún Hohenstaufen en el sur de Italia, había sido investido rey tras derrotar, en Benevento a Manfredo, quien falleció en la batalla.

El monarca angevino hizo cegar a los tres hijos varones de Manfredo y, en 1268, capturó e hizo decapitar a Conradino que - como nieto de Federico II - era el último heredero varón de la casa Hohenstaufen. La línea sucesoria pasó entonces a Constanza, quien ofreció refugio en Aragón a las familias partidarias de su padre, los Lanza, los Lauria y los Prócidas.

Una flota de la corona aragonesa, al mando de Conrado Lanza, recorre en 1279 las costas africanas para restablecer la soberanía feudal de Aragón sobre Túnez, que la muerte del emir Muhammad I al-Mustansir había debilitado. Posteriormente, en 1281, Pedro III armó una flota para invadir Túnez y solicitó al recién elegido papa Martín IV una bula que declarara la operación militar como cruzada; pero el papa, de origen francés y partidario de Carlos de Anjou, se la negó.

Cuando la flota se disponía a zarpar, tuvieron lugar en Sicilia los acontecimientos conocidos como las Vísperas sicilianas que provocaron la expulsión de la isla, tras una gran matanza, de los franceses. Los sicilianos enviaron entonces una embajada a Pedro III ofreciéndole la corona siciliana, a la que tenía derecho gracias a su matrimonio. El rey aragonés puso entonces su flota rumbo a Sicilia, donde arribó el 30 de agosto de 1282 y donde fue coronado rey en la ciudad de Palermo.

Inmediatamente envió una embajada a Carlos de Anjou, que se encontraba en Mesina, instándole a reconocerle como rey de Sicilia y a abandonar la isla. La derrota de la flota angevina en Nicoreta, a manos del almirante Roger de Lauria, obligó a Carlos a dejar Mesina y refugiarse en su reino de Nápoles.

El papa Martín IV respondió a la coronación siciliana de Pedro III con su excomunión (9 de noviembre de 1282) y su deposición como rey de Aragón (21 de diciembre de 1283), ofreciendo la corona al segundo hijo del rey de Francia, Carlos de Valois, a quien invistió el 27 de febrero de 1284, y declarando una cruzada contra Aragón. La situación en la que se encontró Pedro III era totalmente inestable, ya que no sólo tenía que enfrentarse a la invasión francesa que se preparaba al norte de los Pirineos, sino que tuvo que hacer frente a graves problemas en el interior de sus reinos surgidos antes las necesidades económicas que provocó la conquista de Sicilia.

Pedro III el Grande en el collado de las Panizas. Óleo sobre ienzo de Mariano Barbasán. 1889.Pedro III soluciona los problemas internos concediendo, en 1283, la formación de la Unión aragonesa y prestando juramento al “Privilegio General” que defendía los privilegios de la nobleza; asimismo concedió a Cataluña la constitución “Una vegada l´any” en las cortes celebradas en Barcelona entre 1283 y 1284.

Solucionados los problemas interiores, pudo centrar su atención en la invasión francesa, que al mando del propio rey francés Felipe III tomó en 1285 la ciudad de Gerona, para inmediatamente tener que retirarse cuando la flota aragonesa retornó de Sicilia al mando de Roger de Lauria e infligió a la escuadra francesa una derrota total.

Tras su gran victoria, Pedro III se dispuso a enfrentarse a su hermano Jaime II y a su sobrino el rey Sancho IV de Castilla, que no le habían prestado apoyo durante su conflicto con los franceses, pero su prematura muerte, el 11 de noviembre de 1285, lo impidió.

Sepulcro de Pedro III el Grande en el Real Monasterio de Santes Creus.En su testamento, Pedro III dispuso que su cadáver recibiera sepultura en el Monasterio de Santes Creus, de la orden cisterciense. Las exequias del monarca se celebraron con gran solemnidad y el cuerpo del rey fue colocado en una urna de pórfido rojo, que el almirante Roger de Lauria trajo desde Sicilia. El fue el primer monarca aragonés en recibir sepultura en el Monasterio de Santes Creus.

El rey Jaime II el Justo de Aragón, ordenó la erección de las tumbas del rey Pedro III el Grande, su padre, al mismo tiempo que disponía la creación de su propia tumba y la de su segunda esposa, Blanca de Nápoles. Se dispuso que los sepulcros se hallaran cobijados, como así se hizo, bajo baldaquinos labrados en mármol blanco procedente de las canteras de San Felíu, cerca de Gerona. Cuando el rey Jaime II dispuso la creación de su propio sepulcro, tomó como modelo el sepulcro de su padre.

El sepulcro del rey Pedro III fue realizado entre los años 1291 y 1307 por Bartomeu de Gerona y es más rico que el de su hijo Jaime II y su esposa. Un gran templete de caladas traceerías alberga el sepulcro del rey, consistente en una urna de pórfido rojo, antes una pila de baño romana, traída a España por el almirante Roger de Lauria. La urna de pórfido se encuentra rodeada por imágenes de santos.

El epitafio del rey Pedro III, colocado enfrente del mausoleo, en el pilar que separa el presbiterio de la capilla lateral del crucero, reza la siguiente inscripción:

"PETRUS QUEM PETRA TEGIT GENTES ET REGNA SUBEGIT, FORTES CONFREGITQUE CREPIT, CUNCTA PEREGIT, AUDAX MAGNANIMUS SIBI MILES QUISQUI FIT UNUS, QUI BELLO PRIMUS INHERET JACET HIC MODO IMUS, CONSTANS PROPOSITO VERAX SERMONE FIDELIS, REBUS PROMISSIS FUIT HIC ET STRENUUS ARMIS, FORTIS JUSTITIA VIVENS AEQUALIS AD OMNES, ISTIS LAUDATUR VI MENTIS LAUS SUPERATUR, CHRISTUS ADORATUR DUM PENITET UNDE BEATUR, REX ARAGONENSIS COMES ET DUX BARCINONENSIS, DEFECIT MEMBRIS UNDENA NOCTE NOVEMBRIS, ANNO MILLENO CENTUM BIS ET OCTUAGENO, QUINTO, SISTE PIA SIBI TUTRIX VIRGO MARIA"

En diciembre de 1835, durante las Guerras Carlistas, la Legión francesa de Alger y varias compañías de miqueletes se alojaron en el edificio monacal, causando numerosos destrozos en el mismo. Las tumbas reales de Jaime II y su esposa fueron profanadas. Los restos de Jaime II, hijo de Pedro III fueron quemados, aunque parece que algunos restos permanecieron en el sepulcro. La momia de la reina Blanca de Nápoles fue arrojada a un pozo, de donde fue sacada en 1854. El sepulcro de Pedro III, a causa de la solidez de la urna de pórfido utilizada para albergar los regios despojos, impidió que sus restos corrieran igual suerte.

Pedro III de Aragón (Valencia, 1240 – Villafranca del Penedés, 2 de noviembre de 1285), llamado el Grande, fue hijo de Jaime I el Conquistador y su segunda esposa Violante de Hungría. Sucedió a su padre en 1276 en los títulos de rey de Aragón, rey de Valencia (como Pedro I) y conde de Barcelona (como Pedro II).

Casado el 13 de junio de 1262 en la catedral de Montpellier con Constanza de Hohenstaufen, hija y heredera de Manfredo I de Sicilia, fueron coronados en Zaragoza en una ceremonia en la que Pedro canceló el vasallaje que con el papado había concertado su abuelo Pedro II.

Todo su reinado se centró en la expansión de la Corona de Aragón por el Mediterráneo y para ello aprovechó su matrimonio con Constanza para reivindicar la corona siciliana. Sicilia se encontraba desde 1266 bajo la soberanía de Carlos de Anjou quien, con el apoyo del papa Clemente IV, que no deseaba a ningún Hohenstaufen en el sur de Italia, había sido investido rey tras derrotar, en Benevento a Manfredo, quien falleció en la batalla.

El monarca angevino hizo cegar a los tres hijos varones de Manfredo y, en 1268, capturó e hizo decapitar a Conradino que - como nieto de Federico II - era el último heredero varón de la casa Hohenstaufen. La línea sucesoria pasó entonces a Constanza, quien ofreció refugio en Aragón a las familias partidarias de su padre, los Lanza, los Lauria y los Prócidas.

Una flota de la corona aragonesa, al mando de Conrado Lanza, recorre en 1279 las costas africanas para restablecer la soberanía feudal de Aragón sobre Túnez, que la muerte del emir Muhammad I al-Mustansir había debilitado. Posteriormente, en 1281, Pedro III armó una flota para invadir Túnez y solicitó al recién elegido papa Martín IV una bula que declarara la operación militar como cruzada; pero el papa, de origen francés y partidario de Carlos de Anjou, se la negó.

Cuando la flota se disponía a zarpar, tuvieron lugar en Sicilia los acontecimientos conocidos como las Vísperas sicilianas que provocaron la expulsión de la isla, tras una gran matanza, de los franceses. Los sicilianos enviaron entonces una embajada a Pedro III ofreciéndole la corona siciliana, a la que tenía derecho gracias a su matrimonio. El rey aragonés puso entonces su flota rumbo a Sicilia, donde arribó el 30 de agosto de 1282 y donde fue coronado rey en la ciudad de Palermo.

Inmediatamente envió una embajada a Carlos de Anjou, que se encontraba en Mesina, instándole a reconocerle como rey de Sicilia y a abandonar la isla. La derrota de la flota angevina en Nicoreta, a manos del almirante Roger de Lauria, obligó a Carlos a dejar Mesina y refugiarse en su reino de Nápoles.

El papa Martín IV respondió a la coronación siciliana de Pedro III con su excomunión (9 de noviembre de 1282) y su deposición como rey de Aragón (21 de diciembre de 1283), ofreciendo la corona al segundo hijo del rey de Francia, Carlos de Valois, a quien invistió el 27 de febrero de 1284, y declarando una cruzada contra Aragón. La situación en la que se encontró Pedro III era totalmente inestable, ya que no sólo tenía que enfrentarse a la invasión francesa que se preparaba al norte de los Pirineos, sino que tuvo que hacer frente a graves problemas en el interior de sus reinos surgidos antes las necesidades económicas que provocó la conquista de Sicilia.

Pedro III soluciona los problemas internos concediendo, en 1283, la formación de la Unión aragonesa y prestando juramento al “Privilegio General” que defendía los privilegios de la nobleza; asimismo concedió a Cataluña la constitución “Una vegada l´any” en las cortes celebradas en Barcelona entre 1283 y 1284.

Solucionados los problemas interiores, pudo centrar su atención en la invasión francesa, que al mando del propio rey francés Felipe III tomó en 1285 la ciudad de Gerona, para inmediatamente tener que retirarse cuando la flota aragonesa retornó de Sicilia al mando de Roger de Lauria e infligió a la escuadra francesa una derrota total.

Tras su gran victoria, Pedro III se dispuso a enfrentarse a su hermano Jaime II y a su sobrino el rey Sancho IV de Castilla, que no le habían prestado apoyo durante su conflicto con los franceses, pero su prematura muerte, el 11 de noviembre de 1285, lo impidió.

Descendencia [editar]

Peter the Great (Catalan: Pere el Gran, Spanish: Pedro el Grande; 1239, Valencia – 2 November 1285) was the King of Aragon (as Peter III) of Valencia and of Majorca (as Peter I), and Count of Barcelona (as Peter II) from 1276 to his death. He conquered Sicily and became its king in 1282. He was one of the greatest of medieval Aragonese monarchs.

Contents [hide]

1 Youth and succession

2 Early rebellions

3 Wars abroad

3.1 Africa

3.2 Italy

4 Later domestic unrest

5 Aragonese Crusade

6 Troubadour works

7 Death and legacy

8 Ancestry

9 Notes

10 Bibliography

[edit] Youth and succession

Peter was the eldest son of James I of Aragon and his second wife Yolanda of Hungary. On 13 June 1262, he married Constance, daughter and heiress of Manfred of Sicily. During his youth and early adulthood, Peter gained a great deal of military experience in his father's wars of the Reconquista against the Moors.[1]

On James' death, the lands of the Crown of Aragon were divided, with Aragon and Valencia, along with the Catalan counties, going to the eldest son, Peter, while the Balearic Islands (constituted as the Kingdom of Majorca), alongside the territories in the Languedoc (Montpellier and Roussillon), went to the second son, James. Peter and Constance were crowned in Zaragoza (the capital of Aragon) in November by the archbishop of Tarragona. At this ceremony, Peter renounced all feudal obligations to the papacy which his grandfather Peter II had incurred.

[edit] Early rebellions

Peter's first act as king was to complete the pacification of his Valencian territory, an action which had been underway on his father's death.

However, a revolt soon broke out in Catalonia, led by the viscount of Cardona and abetted by Roger-Bernard III of Foix, Arnold Roger I of Pallars Sobirà, and Ermengol X of Urgell.[2] The rebels had grown a hatred for Peter in response to the severity of his dealings with them in the days of his father. Now, as king, they opposed him for not summoning the Catalan corts, or assembly, and confirming its privileges.

At the same time, a succession crisis continued in the County of Urgell. When Count Álvaro died in 1268, the families of his two wives, Constance, a daughter of Pedro Moncada of Béarn, and Cecilia, a daughter of Roger-Bernard II of Foix, began a long fight over the inheritance of his county. Meanwhile, a good portion of the county had been repossessed by James and thus inherited by Peter. In 1278, Armengol X, Álvaro's eldest son, succeeded in recovering most of his lost patrimony and came to an agreement with Peter whereby he recognised the latter as his suzerain.[3]

In 1280, Peter defeated the stewing rebellion led by Roger-Berengar III after besieging the rebels in Balaguer for a month. Most of the rebel leaders were imprisoned in Lleida until 1281, while Roger-Bernard was imprisoned until 1284.

[edit] Wars abroad

[edit] Africa

When the Hafsid Emir of Tunisia, Muhammad I al-Mustansir, who had put himself under James the Conqueror, died in 1277, Tunisia threw off the yoke of Aragonese suzerainty.[4] Peter first sent an expedition to Tunis in 1280 under Conrad de Llansa designed to re-establish his suzerainty.[5] In 1281, he himself prepared to lead a fleet of 140 ships with 15,000 men to invade Tunisia on behalf of the governor of Constantine.[6] The fleet landed at Alcoyll in 1282 and the troops began to fortify themselves in. It was these Aragonese troops that received a Sicilian embassy after the Vespers of 30 March asking Peter to take their throne from Charles of Anjou.

[edit] Italy

Main article: War of the Sicilian Vespers

Peter was the direct descendant and the heir-general of the Mafalda, daughter of Robert Guiscard, Duke of Apulia, the Norman conqueror, and his official wife Sigelgaita, daughter of a Lombard prince, Guaimar IV of Salerno. Thus, he stood at the end of the Hauteville succession to Sicily. After the ducal family of Apulia became extinct with William II in 1127, Mafalda's heirs (then counts of Barcelona) apparently became de jure heirs of Guiscard and Sigelgaita: thus Peter was dormantly a claimant to the Norman succession of southern Italy. More directly, he was the heir of Manfred in right of his wife. The Two Sicilies were to be a tenaciously-pursued inheritance for the Aragonese royal house and its heirs for the next five centuries.

The Italian physician John of Procida acted on behalf of Peter in Sicily. John had fled to Aragon after Charles' success at Tagliacozzo. John travelled to Sicily to stir up the discontents in favour of Peter and thence to Constantinople to procure the support of Michael VIII Palaeologus.[7] Michael refused to aid the Aragonese king without papal approval and so John voyaged to Rome and there gained the consent of Pope Nicholas III, who feared the ascent of Charles in the Mezzogiorno.[8] John then returned to Barcelona and the pope promptly died, to be replaced by Simon de Brie, a Frenchman and a staunch ally of Charles. The stage, however, had been set for a conflict.

After receiving an embassy from the people of Palermo at Alcoyll, Peter landed at Trapani on 30 August 1282.[9] He was proclaimed King in Palermo on 4 September. Charles was forced to flee across the Straits of Messina and be content with his "Kingdom of Naples." Simon de Brie as the new Pope Martin IV excommunicated both Peter and the Byzantine emperor for providing Peter III with 60,000 gold pieces to invade Sicily (18 November).[10]

Peter nevertheless pressed his advantage and by February 1283 had taken most of the Calabrian coastline. Charles, perhaps feeling desperate, sent letters to Peter demanding they resolve the conflict by personal combat. The invader accepted and Charles returned to France to arrange the duel. Both kings chose six knights to settle matters of places and dates. A duel was scheduled for 1 June at Bordeaux. A hundred knights would accompany each side and Edward I of England would adjudge the contest; the English king, heeding the pope, however, refused to take part. Peter left John of Procida in charge of Sicily and returned via his own kingdom to Bordeaux, which, evading a suspected French ambush, he entered in disguise. Needless to say, no combat ever took place and Peter returned to a very troubled Spain.[11]

While Peter was back in France and Spain, his admiral, Roger of Lauria, was wreaking havoc in Italy. He routed Charles' fleets on the high seas several times and conquered Malta for Aragon.

Pedro III el Grande en el collado de las Panizas by Mariano Barbasán (1889)[edit] Later domestic unrest

Peter was dealing with domestic unrest at the time when the French were preparing an invasion. He took Albarracín from the rebellious noble Juan Núñez de Lara, and he renewed the alliance with Sancho IV of Castile and attacked Tudela in an attempt to prevent the king of Navarre, Philip I, the son of the French king, from invading on that front.

Peter held meetings of the cortes at Tarragona and Zaragoza in 1283. He was forced to grant the Privilegio General to the newly-formed Union of Aragon.[12] Also in that year, Peter's brother James joined the French and recognised their suzerainty over Montpellier, giving them free passage through the Balearic Islands and Roussillon. In October, Peter began preparing the defences of Catalonia.

In 1284, Pope Martin IV granted the kingdom of Aragon to Charles, Count of Valois, the son of the French king, Philip III the Bold, and great nephew of Charles. Papal sanction was given to a war — crusade — to conquer Aragon on behalf of Charles of Valois.

[edit] Aragonese Crusade

Main article: Aragonese Crusade

In 1284, the first French armies under King Philip and Count Charles entered Roussillon. They included 16,000 cavalry, 17,000 crossbowmen, and 100,000 infantry, along with 100 ships in south French ports.[13] Though the French had James' support, the local populace rose against them. The city of Elne was valiantly defended by the so-called bâtard de Roussillon ("bastard of Roussillon"), the illegitimate son of Nuño Sánchez, late count of Roussillon (1212–1242). Eventually he was overcome and the cathedral was burnt; the royal forces progressed.

In 1285, Philip entrenched himself before Girona in an attempt to besiege it. The resistance was strong, but the city was taken. Charles was crowned there, but without an actual crown. The French soon experienced a reversal, however, at the hands of Roger de Lauria, back from the Italian theatre of the drawn-out conflict. The French fleet was defeated and destroyed at the Battle of Les Formigues. As well, the French camp was hit hard by an epidemic of dysentery.

Philip himself was afflicted. The heir to the French throne, Philip the Fair, opened negotiations with Peter for free passage for the royal family through the Pyrenees. But the troops were not offered such passage and were decimated at the Battle of the Col de Panissars. The king of France himself died at Perpignan, the capital of James of Majorca, who had fled in fear after being confronted by Peter, and was buried in Narbonne. James was declared a vassal of Peter.

[edit] Troubadour works

Peter matched his father in patronage of the arts and literature, but unlike him he was a lover of verse, not prose. He favoured the troubadours, of which he himself was one, and wrote two sirventesos.

The first is in the form of an exchange between Peter and one Peironet, a jongleur. The second forms part of a compilation of five compositions from Bernat d'Auriac, Peter the Great, Pere Salvatge (perhaps the same as Peironet), Roger-Bernard III of Foix, and an anonymous contributor.

As well, the wars with Philip of France and James of Majorca furnished material for new sirventesos and during this period the sirventes was converted into a convenient tool of political propaganda in which each side could, directly or allegorically, present its case and procure sympathy propitious to its cause.

[edit] Death and legacy

A croat minted at Barcelona, bearing the image of Peter and the words Petrus Dei gracia rex (Peter by the grace of God king) and civitas Barcenona (city of Barelona)Peter died at Vilafranca del Penedès on 2 November 1285, in the same year as his royal foe Philip, and was buried in the monastery of Santes Creus.[14] His deathbed absolution occurred after he declared that his conquests had been in the name of his familial claims and never against the claims of the church.

Peter left Aragon to his eldest son Alfonso III and Sicily to his second son James II. Peter's third son, Frederick III, in succession to his brother James, became regent of Sicily and in due course its king. Peter did not provide for his youngest son and namesake, Peter (1275 – 25 August 1296), who married Constanca Mendes de Silva, daughter of Soeiro Mendes Petite, governor of Santarem in Portugal. This Peter left Spain for Portugal with his sister Elizabeth.

Peter also had two daughters, Elisabeth, who married Denis of Portugal, and Yolanda (1273 – August 1302), who married Robert of Naples.

In the Divine Comedy, Dante Alighieri sees Peter "singing in accord" (d'ogni valor portó cinta la corda) with his former rival, Charles I of Sicily, outside the gates of Purgatory.

[edit] Ancestry

Ancestors of Peter III of Aragon[hide]

16. Ramon Berenguer IV, Count of Barcelona
8. Alfonso II of Aragon
17. Petronila of Aragon
4. Peter II of Aragon
18. Alfonso VII of León
9. Sancha of Castile
19. Richeza of Poland
2. James I of Aragon
20. William VII of Montpellier
10. William VIII of Montpellier
21. Matilda of Burgundy
5. Marie of Montpellier
22. Isaac Komnenos
11. Eudokia Komnene
23. Irene Synadene
1. Peter III of Aragon
24. Géza II of Hungary
12. Béla III of Hungary
25. Euphrosyne of Kiev
6. Andrew II of Hungary
26. Raynald of Châtillon
13. Agnes of Antioch
27. Constance of Antioch
3. Violant of Hungary
28. Peter of Courtenay
14. Peter II of Courtenay
29. Elizabeth de Courtenay
7. Yolanda de Courtenay
30. Baldwin V, Count of Hainaut
15. Yolanda of Flanders
31. Margaret I, Countess of Flanders
[edit] Notes

1.^ Chaytor, 97.

2.^ Chaytor, 97.

3.^ Chaytor, 97.

4.^ Chaytor, 101.

5.^ Chaytor, 97.

6.^ Chaytor, 102.

7.^ Chaytor, 103.

8.^ Chaytor, 103.

9.^ Chaytor, 103.

10.^ J. Harris, Byzantium and The Crusades, 180

11.^ Harris, 104.

12.^ Harris, 104.

13.^ Harris, 106.

14.^ A royal tomb ever desecrated: Peter III of Aragon in Patrimoni.gencat [1]

[edit] Bibliography

Runciman, Steven. The Sicilian Vespers. 1958. ISBN 0-521-43774-1

Chaytor, H. J. A History of Aragon and Catalonia. London: Methuen, 1933.

Preceded by:

James I

King of Aragon

1276–1285

Succeeded by:
Alfonso III

Count of Barcelona

1276–1285

King of Valencia

1276–1285

Charles I King of Sicily

1282–1285 James

[show]v • d • eInfantes of Aragon

1st Generation Sancho I · Infante García

2nd Generation Peter I · Alfonso I · Ramiro II

3rd Generation Crown Prince Peter

4th Generation Infante Peter · Alfonso II · Peter, Count of Cerdanya · Ramon Berenguer III, Count of Provence · Sancho, Count of Provence · Infante Ramon

5th Generation Peter II · Alfonso II, Count of Provence · Infante Sancho · Infante Ferdinand · Infante Ramon Berenguer

6th Generation James I

7th Generation Crown Prince Alfonso · Peter III · James II of Majorca · Infante Ferdinand · Infante Sancho · James, Lord of Jérica · Peter, Lord of Ayerbe

8th Generation Alfonso III · James II · Frederick III of Sicily · Infante Pedro · Infante James* · Sancho of Majorca* · Infante Philip* · Ferdinand, Viscount of Aumelas* · James, Lord of Jérica · Peter, Lord of Ayerbe

9th Generation Crown Prince James · Alfonso IV · Infante John · Peter, Count of Ribagorza · Ramon Berenguer, Count of Ampurias · Peter II of Sicily** · Infante Roger** · Manfred, Duke of Athens and Neopatria** · William II, Duke of Athens and Neopatria** · John, Duke of Randazzo** · James III of Majorca* · Ferdinand, Viscount of Aumelas* · James, Lord of Jérica · Peter, Lord of Jérica · Alfonso, Lord of Cocentaina

10th Generation Crown Prince Alfonso · Peter IV · James I, Count of Urgell · Infante Fadrique · Infante Sancho · Ferdinand, Marquis of Tortosa · John, Lord of Elche · Alfonso, Count of Ribagorza · John, Count of Prades · Infante Jaime · John, Count of Ampurias · Peter, Count of Ampurias · Louis of Sicily** · Frederick IV of Sicily** · Frederick I, Duke of Athens and Neopatria** · James IV of Majorca*

11th Generation Infante Peter · John I · Martin · Infante Alfonso · Alonso, Count of Morella · Infante Peter · Peter II, Count of Urgell · Infante John of Ribagorza · James, Baron of Arenós · Alfonso, Count of Ribagorza · Peter, Marquis of Villena · Peter, Count of Prades · James, Count of Prades · Infante Louis of Prades

12th Generation Infante James · Infante John · Infante Alfonso · James, Duke of Gerona · Infante Fernando · Pedro, Duke of Gerona · Martin I of Sicily · Infante James · Infante John · Infante Antonio of Urgell · James II, Count of Urgell · Infante Peter of Urgell · John, Baron of Etenza

13th Generation Martin, Crown Prince of Sicily*

14th Generation Alfonso V · John II · Henry, Duke of Villena · Peter, Count of Alburquerque · Infante Sancho

15th Generation Charles, Prince of Viana · Ferdinand II

16th Generation Juan, Prince of Asturias · John, Prince of Gerona

17th Generation Charles I of Spain · Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor

also a prince of Majorca
also a prince of Sicily
Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_III_of_Aragon"

Categories: 1239 births | 1285 deaths | People excommunicated by the Roman Catholic Church | People from Valencia | Aragonese monarchs | Kings of Valencia | Kings of Sicily | Counts of Barcelona | Roman Catholic monarchs | Catalan-language poets | Troubadours | Characters in The Decameron | House of Aragon

Peter III of Aragon

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Peter the Great (Catalan: Pere el Gran, Spanish: Pedro el Grande; 1239 – 2 November 1285) was the King of Aragon (as Peter III) of Valencia and of Majorca (as Peter I), and Sovereign Count of Barcelona (as Peter II) from 1276 to his death. He conquered Sicily and became its king in 1282. He was one of the greatest of medieval Catalan/Aragonese monarchs.

Youth and succession

Peter was the eldest son of James I of Aragon and his second wife Yolanda of Hungary. On 13 June 1262, he married Constance, daughter and heiress of Manfred of Sicily. During his youth and early adulthood, Peter gained a great deal of military experience in his father's wars of the Reconquista against the Moors.[1]

On James' death, the lands of the Crown of Aragon were divided, with Aragon and Valencia, along with the Catalan counties, going to the eldest son, Peter, while the Balearic Islands (constituted as the Kingdom of Majorca), alongside the territories in the Languedoc (Montpellier and Roussillon), went to the second son, James. Peter and Constance were crowned in Zaragoza (the capital of Aragon) in November by the archbishop of Tarragona. At this ceremony, Peter renounced all feudal obligations to the papacy which his grandfather Peter II had incurred.

[edit]Early rebellions

Peter's first act as king was to complete the pacification of his Valencian territory, an action which had been underway on his father's death.

However, a revolt soon broke out in Catalonia, led by the viscount of Cardona and abetted by Roger-Bernard III of Foix, Arnold Roger I of Pallars Sobirà, and Ermengol X of Urgell.[2] The rebels had grown a hatred for Peter in response to the severity of his dealings with them in the days of his father. Now, as king, they opposed him for not summoning the Catalan corts, or assembly, and confirming its privileges.

At the same time, a succession crisis continued in the County of Urgell. When Count Álvaro died in 1268, the families of his two wives, Constance, a daughter of Pedro Moncada of Béarn, and Cecilia, a daughter of Roger-Bernard II of Foix, began a long fight over the inheritance of his county. Meanwhile, a good portion of the county had been repossessed by James and thus inherited by Peter. In 1278, Armengol X, Álvaro's eldest son, succeeded in recovering most of his lost patrimony and came to an agreement with Peter whereby he recognised the latter as his suzerain.[3]

In 1280, Peter defeated the stewing rebellion led by Roger-Berengar III after besieging the rebels in Balaguer for a month. Most of the rebel leaders were imprisoned in Lleida until 1281, while Roger-Bernard was imprisoned until 1284.

[edit]Wars abroad

[edit]Africa

When the Hafsid Emir of Tunisia, Muhammad I al-Mustansir, who had put himself under James the Conqueror, died in 1277, Tunisia threw off the yoke of Aragonese suzerainty.[4] Peter first sent an expedition to Tunis in 1280 under Conrad de Llansa designed to re-establish his suzerainty.[5] In 1281, he himself prepared to lead a fleet of 140 ships with 15,000 men to invade Tunisia on behalf of the governor of Constantine.[6] The fleet landed at Alcoyll in 1282 and the troops began to fortify themselves in. It was these Aragonese troops that received a Sicilian embassy after the Vespers of 30 March asking Peter to take their throne from Charles of Anjou.

[edit]Italy

Main article: War of the Sicilian Vespers

Peter was the direct descendant and the heir-general of the Mafalda, daughter of Robert Guiscard, Duke of Apulia, the Norman conqueror, and his official wife Sigelgaita, daughter of a Lombard prince, Guaimar IV of Salerno. Thus, he stood at the end of the Hauteville succession to Sicily. After the ducal family of Apulia became extinct with William II in 1127, Mafalda's heirs (then counts of Barcelona) apparently became de jure heirs of Guiscard and Sigelgaita: thus Peter was dormantly a claimant to the Norman succession of southern Italy. More directly, he was the heir of Manfred in right of his wife. The Two Sicilies were to be a tenaciously-pursued inheritance for the Aragonese royal house and its heirs for the next five centuries.

The Italian physician John of Procida acted on behalf of Peter in Sicily. John had fled to Aragon after Charles' success at Tagliacozzo. John travelled to Sicily to stir up the discontents in favour of Peter and thence to Constantinople to procure the support of Michael VIII Palaeologus.[7] Michael refused to aid the Aragonese king without papal approval and so John voyaged to Rome and there gained the consent of Pope Nicholas III, who feared the ascent of Charles in the Mezzogiorno.[8] John then returned to Barcelona and the pope promptly died, to be replaced by Simon de Brie, a Frenchman and a staunch ally of Charles. The stage, however, had been set for a conflict.

After receiving an embassy from the people of Palermo at Alcoyll, Peter landed at Trapani on 30 August 1282.[9] He was proclaimed King in Palermo on 4 September. Charles was forced to flee across the Straits of Messina and be content with his "Kingdom of Naples." Simon de Brie as the new Pope Martin IV excommunicated both Peter and the Byzantine emperor for providing Peter III with 60,000 gold pieces to invade Sicily (18 November).[10]

Peter nevertheless pressed his advantage and by February 1283 had taken most of the Calabrian coastline. Charles, perhaps feeling desperate, sent letters to Peter demanding they resolve the conflict by personal combat. The invader accepted and Charles returned to France to arrange the duel. Both kings chose six knights to settle matters of places and dates. A duel was scheduled for 1 June at Bordeaux. A hundred knights would accompany each side and Edward I of England would adjudge the contest; the English king, heeding the pope, however, refused to take part. Peter left John of Procida in charge of Sicily and returned via his own kingdom to Bordeaux, which, evading a suspected French ambush, he entered in disguise. Needless to say, no combat ever took place and Peter returned to a very troubled Spain.[11]

While Peter was back in France and Spain, his admiral, Roger of Lauria, was wreaking havoc in Italy. He routed Charles' fleets on the high seas several times and conquered Malta for Aragon.

Later domestic unrest

Peter was dealing with domestic unrest at the time when the French were preparing an invasion. He took Albarracín from the rebellious noble Juan Núñez de Lara, and he renewed the alliance with Sancho IV of Castile and attacked Tudela in an attempt to prevent the king of Navarre, Philip I, the son of the French king, from invading on that front.

Peter held meetings of the cortes at Tarragona and Zaragoza in 1283. He was forced to grant the Privilegio General to the newly-formed Union of Aragon.[12] Also in that year, Peter's brother James joined the French and recognised their suzerainty over Montpellier, giving them free passage through the Balearic Islands and Roussillon. In October, Peter began preparing the defences of Catalonia.

In 1284, Pope Martin IV granted the kingdom of Aragon to Charles, Count of Valois, the son of the French king, Philip III the Bold, and great nephew of Charles. Papal sanction was given to a war — crusade — to conquer Aragon on behalf of Charles of Valois.

[edit]Aragonese Crusade

Main article: Aragonese Crusade

In 1284, the first French armies under King Philip and Count Charles entered Roussillon. They included 16,000 cavalry, 17,000 crossbowmen, and 100,000 infantry, along with 100 ships in south French ports.[13] Though the French had James' support, the local populace rose against them. The city of Elne was valiantly defended by the so-called bâtard de Roussillon ("bastard of Roussillon"), the illegitimate son of Nuño Sánchez, late count of Roussillon (1212–1242). Eventually he was overcome and the cathedral was burnt; the royal forces progressed.

In 1285, Philip entrenched himself before Girona in an attempt to besiege it. The resistance was strong, but the city was taken. Charles was crowned there, but without an actual crown. The French soon experienced a reversal, however, at the hands of Roger de Lauria, back from the Italian theatre of the drawn-out conflict. The French fleet was defeated and destroyed at the Battle of Les Formigues. As well, the French camp was hit hard by an epidemic of dysentery.

Philip himself was afflicted. The heir to the French throne, Philip the Fair, opened negotiations with Peter for free passage for the royal family through the Pyrenees. But the troops were not offered such passage and were decimated at the Battle of the Col de Panissars. The king of France himself died at Perpignan, the capital of James of Majorca, who had fled in fear after being confronted by Peter, and was buried in Narbonne. James was declared a vassal of Peter.

[edit]Troubadour works

Peter matched his father in patronage of the arts and literature, but unlike him he was a lover of verse, not prose. He favoured the troubadours, of which he himself was one, and wrote two sirventesos.

The first is in the form of an exchange between Peter and one Peironet, a jongleur. The second forms part of a compilation of five compositions from Bernat d'Auriac, Peter the Great, Pere Salvatge (perhaps the same as Peironet), Roger-Bernard III of Foix, and an anonymous contributor.

As well, the wars with Philip of France and James of Majorca furnished material for new sirventesos and during this period the sirventes was converted into a convenient tool of political propaganda in which each side could, directly or allegorically, present its case and procure sympathy propitious to its cause.

[edit]Death and legacy

Peter died at Vilafranca del Penedès on 2 November 1285, in the same year as his two royal foes, Charles and Philip, and was buried in the monastery of Santes Creus. His deathbed absolution occurred after he declared that his conquests had been in the name of his familial claims and never against the claims of the church.

Peter left Aragon to his eldest son Alfonso III and Sicily to his second son James II. Peter's third son, Frederick III, in succession to his brother James, became regent of Sicily and in due course its king. Peter did not provide for his youngest son and namesake (1275 – 25 August 1296), who married Guillemette, daughter of Gaston VI of Béarn.

Peter also had two daughters, Elisabeth, who married Denis of Portugal, and Yolanda (1273 – August 1302), who married Robert of Naples.

In the Divine Comedy, Dante Alighieri sees Peter "singing in accord" (d'ogni valor portó cinta la corda) with his former rival, Charles I of Sicily, outside the gates of Purgatory.

History: Pedro III (of Aragón)

Pedro III (of Aragón) (1239-1285), king of Aragón (1276-1285), called the Great. Pedro was the son of James I and Yolande of Hungary. He conquered Sicily from Charles of Anjou in 1282 and repelled a French invasion of Catalonia in 1285. Pedro’s reign marked the beginning of the long struggle between the Aragonese and Angevin dynasties.

Microsoft ® Encarta ® Encyclopedia 2002. © 1993-2001 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.

Wikipedia:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_III_of_Aragon

Peter III of Aragon

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Jump to: navigation, search

Peter's fleet landing at Trapani. Notice the king wearing the crown and directing the landing

Peter the Great (Catalan: Pere el Gran, Spanish: Pedro el Grande; 1239, Valencia – 2 November 1285) was the King of Aragon (as Peter III) of Valencia and of Majorca (as Peter I), and Count of Barcelona (as Peter II) from 1276 to his death. He conquered Sicily and became its king in 1282. He was one of the greatest of medieval Aragonese monarchs.

Contents

[show]

* 1 Youth and succession
* 2 Early rebellions
* 3 Wars abroad
o 3.1 Africa
o 3.2 Italy
* 4 Later domestic unrest
* 5 Aragonese Crusade
* 6 Troubadour works
* 7 Death and legacy
* 8 Ancestry
* 9 Notes
* 10 Bibliography
[edit] Youth and succession

Peter was the eldest son of James I of Aragon and his second wife Yolanda of Hungary. On 13 June 1262, he married Constance, daughter and heiress of Manfred of Sicily. During his youth and early adulthood, Peter gained a great deal of military experience in his father's wars of the Reconquista against the Moors.[1]

On James' death, the lands of the Crown of Aragon were divided, with Aragon and Valencia, along with the Catalan counties, going to the eldest son, Peter, while the Balearic Islands (constituted as the Kingdom of Majorca), alongside the territories in the Languedoc (Montpellier and Roussillon), went to the second son, James. Peter and Constance were crowned in Zaragoza (the capital of Aragon) in November by the archbishop of Tarragona. At this ceremony, Peter renounced all feudal obligations to the papacy which his grandfather Peter II had incurred.

[edit] Early rebellions

Peter's first act as king was to complete the pacification of his Valencian territory, an action which had been underway on his father's death.

However, a revolt soon broke out in Catalonia, led by the viscount of Cardona and abetted by Roger-Bernard III of Foix, Arnold Roger I of Pallars Sobirà, and Ermengol X of Urgell.[2] The rebels had grown a hatred for Peter in response to the severity of his dealings with them in the days of his father. Now, as king, they opposed him for not summoning the Catalan corts, or assembly, and confirming its privileges.

At the same time, a succession crisis continued in the County of Urgell. When Count Álvaro died in 1268, the families of his two wives, Constance, a daughter of Pedro Moncada of Béarn, and Cecilia, a daughter of Roger-Bernard II of Foix, began a long fight over the inheritance of his county. Meanwhile, a good portion of the county had been repossessed by James and thus inherited by Peter. In 1278, Armengol X, Álvaro's eldest son, succeeded in recovering most of his lost patrimony and came to an agreement with Peter whereby he recognised the latter as his suzerain.[3]

In 1280, Peter defeated the stewing rebellion led by Roger-Berengar III after besieging the rebels in Balaguer for a month. Most of the rebel leaders were imprisoned in Lleida until 1281, while Roger-Bernard was imprisoned until 1284.

[edit] Wars abroad

[edit] Africa

When the Hafsid Emir of Tunisia, Muhammad I al-Mustansir, who had put himself under James the Conqueror, died in 1277, Tunisia threw off the yoke of Aragonese suzerainty.[4] Peter first sent an expedition to Tunis in 1280 under Conrad de Llansa designed to re-establish his suzerainty.[5] In 1281, he himself prepared to lead a fleet of 140 ships with 15,000 men to invade Tunisia on behalf of the governor of Constantine.[6] The fleet landed at Alcoyll in 1282 and the troops began to fortify themselves in. It was these Aragonese troops that received a Sicilian embassy after the Vespers of 30 March asking Peter to take their throne from Charles of Anjou.

[edit] Italy

Main article: War of the Sicilian Vespers

Peter was the direct descendant and the heir-general of the Mafalda, daughter of Robert Guiscard, Duke of Apulia, the Norman conqueror, and his official wife Sigelgaita, daughter of a Lombard prince, Guaimar IV of Salerno. Thus, he stood at the end of the Hauteville succession to Sicily. After the ducal family of Apulia became extinct with William II in 1127, Mafalda's heirs (then counts of Barcelona) apparently became de jure heirs of Guiscard and Sigelgaita: thus Peter was dormantly a claimant to the Norman succession of southern Italy. More directly, he was the heir of Manfred in right of his wife. The Two Sicilies were to be a tenaciously-pursued inheritance for the Aragonese royal house and its heirs for the next five centuries.

The Italian physician John of Procida acted on behalf of Peter in Sicily. John had fled to Aragon after Charles' success at Tagliacozzo. John travelled to Sicily to stir up the discontents in favour of Peter and thence to Constantinople to procure the support of Michael VIII Palaeologus.[7] Michael refused to aid the Aragonese king without papal approval and so John voyaged to Rome and there gained the consent of Pope Nicholas III, who feared the ascent of Charles in the Mezzogiorno.[8] John then returned to Barcelona and the pope promptly died, to be replaced by Simon de Brie, a Frenchman and a staunch ally of Charles. The stage, however, had been set for a conflict.

After receiving an embassy from the people of Palermo at Alcoyll, Peter landed at Trapani on 30 August 1282.[9] He was proclaimed King in Palermo on 4 September. Charles was forced to flee across the Straits of Messina and be content with his "Kingdom of Naples." Simon de Brie as the new Pope Martin IV excommunicated both Peter and the Byzantine emperor for providing Peter III with 60,000 gold pieces to invade Sicily (18 November).[10]

Peter nevertheless pressed his advantage and by February 1283 had taken most of the Calabrian coastline. Charles, perhaps feeling desperate, sent letters to Peter demanding they resolve the conflict by personal combat. The invader accepted and Charles returned to France to arrange the duel. Both kings chose six knights to settle matters of places and dates. A duel was scheduled for 1 June at Bordeaux. A hundred knights would accompany each side and Edward I of England would adjudge the contest; the English king, heeding the pope, however, refused to take part. Peter left John of Procida in charge of Sicily and returned via his own kingdom to Bordeaux, which, evading a suspected French ambush, he entered in disguise. Needless to say, no combat ever took place and Peter returned to a very troubled Spain.[11]

While Peter was back in France and Spain, his admiral, Roger of Lauria, was wreaking havoc in Italy. He routed Charles' fleets on the high seas several times and conquered Malta for Aragon.

Pedro III el Grande en el collado de las Panizas by Mariano Barbasán (1889)

[edit] Later domestic unrest

Peter was dealing with domestic unrest at the time when the French were preparing an invasion. He took Albarracín from the rebellious noble Juan Núñez de Lara, and he renewed the alliance with Sancho IV of Castile and attacked Tudela in an attempt to prevent the king of Navarre, Philip I, the son of the French king, from invading on that front.

Peter held meetings of the cortes at Tarragona and Zaragoza in 1283. He was forced to grant the Privilegio General to the newly-formed Union of Aragon.[12] Also in that year, Peter's brother James joined the French and recognised their suzerainty over Montpellier, giving them free passage through the Balearic Islands and Roussillon. In October, Peter began preparing the defences of Catalonia.

In 1284, Pope Martin IV granted the kingdom of Aragon to Charles, Count of Valois, the son of the French king, Philip III the Bold, and great nephew of Charles. Papal sanction was given to a war — crusade — to conquer Aragon on behalf of Charles of Valois.

[edit] Aragonese Crusade

Main article: Aragonese Crusade

In 1284, the first French armies under King Philip and Count Charles entered Roussillon. They included 16,000 cavalry, 17,000 crossbowmen, and 100,000 infantry, along with 100 ships in south French ports.[13] Though the French had James' support, the local populace rose against them. The city of Elne was valiantly defended by the so-called bâtard de Roussillon ("bastard of Roussillon"), the illegitimate son of Nuño Sánchez, late count of Roussillon (1212–1242). Eventually he was overcome and the cathedral was burnt; the royal forces progressed.

In 1285, Philip entrenched himself before Girona in an attempt to besiege it. The resistance was strong, but the city was taken. Charles was crowned there, but without an actual crown. The French soon experienced a reversal, however, at the hands of Roger de Lauria, back from the Italian theatre of the drawn-out conflict. The French fleet was defeated and destroyed at the Battle of Les Formigues. As well, the French camp was hit hard by an epidemic of dysentery.

Philip himself was afflicted. The heir to the French throne, Philip the Fair, opened negotiations with Peter for free passage for the royal family through the Pyrenees. But the troops were not offered such passage and were decimated at the Battle of the Col de Panissars. The king of France himself died at Perpignan, the capital of James of Majorca, who had fled in fear after being confronted by Peter, and was buried in Narbonne. James was declared a vassal of Peter.

[edit] Troubadour works

Peter matched his father in patronage of the arts and literature, but unlike him he was a lover of verse, not prose. He favoured the troubadours, of which he himself was one, and wrote two sirventesos.

The first is in the form of an exchange between Peter and one Peironet, a jongleur. The second forms part of a compilation of five compositions from Bernat d'Auriac, Peter the Great, Pere Salvatge (perhaps the same as Peironet), Roger-Bernard III of Foix, and an anonymous contributor.

As well, the wars with Philip of France and James of Majorca furnished material for new sirventesos and during this period the sirventes was converted into a convenient tool of political propaganda in which each side could, directly or allegorically, present its case and procure sympathy propitious to its cause.

[edit] Death and legacy

A croat minted at Barcelona, bearing the image of Peter and the words Petrus Dei gracia rex (Peter by the grace of God king) and civitas Barcenona (city of Barelona)

Peter died at Vilafranca del Penedès on 2 November 1285, in the same year as his royal foe Philip, and was buried in the monastery of Santes Creus.[14] His deathbed absolution occurred after he declared that his conquests had been in the name of his familial claims and never against the claims of the church.

Peter left Aragon to his eldest son Alfonso III and Sicily to his second son James II. Peter's third son, Frederick III, in succession to his brother James, became regent of Sicily and in due course its king. Peter did not provide for his youngest son and namesake, Peter (1275 – 25 August 1296), who married Constanca Mendes de Silva, daughter of Soeiro Mendes Petite, governor of Santarem in Portugal. This Peter left Spain for Portugal with his sister Elizabeth.

Peter also had two daughters, Elisabeth, who married Denis of Portugal, and Yolanda (1273 – August 1302), who married Robert of Naples.

In the Divine Comedy, Dante Alighieri sees Peter "singing in accord" (d'ogni valor portó cinta la corda) with his former rival, Charles I of Sicily, outside the gates of Purgatory.

[edit] Ancestry

Ancestors of Peter III of Aragon[hide]

16. Ramon Berenguer IV, Count of Barcelona

8. Alfonso II of Aragon

17. Petronila of Aragon

4. Peter II of Aragon

18. Alfonso VII of León

9. Sancha of Castile

19. Richeza of Poland

2. James I of Aragon

20. William VII of Montpellier

10. William VIII of Montpellier

21. Matilda of Burgundy

5. Marie of Montpellier

22. Isaac Komnenos

11. Eudokia Komnene

23. Irene Synadene

1. Peter III of Aragon

24. Géza II of Hungary

12. Béla III of Hungary

25. Euphrosyne of Kiev

6. Andrew II of Hungary

26. Raynald of Châtillon

13. Agnes of Antioch

27. Constance of Antioch

3. Violant of Hungary

28. Peter of Courtenay

14. Peter II of Courtenay

29. Elizabeth de Courtenay

7. Yolanda de Courtenay

30. Baldwin V, Count of Hainaut

15. Yolanda of Flanders

31. Margaret I, Countess of Flanders

[edit] Notes

1. ^ Chaytor, 97.
2. ^ Chaytor, 97.
3. ^ Chaytor, 97.
4. ^ Chaytor, 101.
5. ^ Chaytor, 97.
6. ^ Chaytor, 102.
7. ^ Chaytor, 103.
8. ^ Chaytor, 103.
9. ^ Chaytor, 103.
10. ^ J. Harris, Byzantium and The Crusades, 180
11. ^ Harris, 104.
12. ^ Harris, 104.
13. ^ Harris, 106.
14. ^ A royal tomb ever desecrated: Peter III of Aragon in Patrimoni.gencat [1]
[edit] Bibliography

* Runciman, Steven. The Sicilian Vespers. 1958. ISBN 0-521-43774-1
* Chaytor, H. J. A History of Aragon and Catalonia. London: Methuen, 1933.
Preceded by:

James I Aragon Arms.svg

King of Aragon

1276–1285

Succeeded by:

Alfonso III

Count of Barcelona

1276–1285

King of Valencia

1276–1285

Charles I King of Sicily

1282–1285 James

[show]

v • d • e

Infantes of Aragon

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_III_of_Aragon

Peter III of Aragon, 1239 – 2 November 1285, was the King of Aragon (as Peter III) of Valencia and of Majorca (as Peter I), and Sovereign Count of Barcelona (as Peter II) from 1276 to his death. He conquered Sicily and became its king in 1282. He was one of the greatest of medieval Aragonese monarchs.
Peter was the eldest son of James I of Aragon and his second wife Yolanda of Hungary. On 13 June 1262, he married Constance, daughter and heiress of Manfred of Sicily. During his youth and early adulthood, Peter gained a great deal of military experience in his father's wars of the Reconquista against the Moors.

On James' death, the lands of the Crown of Aragon were divided, with Aragon and Valencia, along with the Catalan counties, going to the eldest son, Peter, while the Balearic Islands (constituted as the Kingdom of Majorca), alongside the territories in the Languedoc (Montpellier and Roussillon), went to the second son, James. Peter and Constance were crowned in Zaragoza (the capital of Aragon) in November by the archbishop of Tarragona. At this ceremony, Peter renounced all feudal obligations to the papacy which his grandfather Peter II had incurred.

Peter's first act as king was to complete the pacification of his Valencian territory, an action which had been underway on his father's death.

However, a revolt soon broke out in Catalonia, led by the viscount of Cardona and abetted by Roger-Bernard III of Foix, Arnold Roger I of Pallars Sobirà, and Ermengol X of Urgell. The rebels had grown a hatred for Peter in response to the severity of his dealings with them in the days of his father. Now, as king, they opposed him for not summoning the Catalan corts, or assembly, and confirming its privileges.

At the same time, a succession crisis continued in the County of Urgell. When Count Álvaro died in 1268, the families of his two wives, Constance, a daughter of Pedro Moncada of Béarn, and Cecilia, a daughter of Roger-Bernard II of Foix, began a long fight over the inheritance of his county. Meanwhile, a good portion of the county had been repossessed by James and thus inherited by Peter. In 1278, Armengol X, Álvaro's eldest son, succeeded in recovering most of his lost patrimony and came to an agreement with Peter whereby he recognised the latter as his suzerain.

In 1280, Peter defeated the stewing rebellion led by Roger-Berengar III after besieging the rebels in Balaguer for a month. Most of the rebel leaders were imprisoned in Lleida until 1281, while Roger-Bernard was imprisoned until 1284.

When the Hafsid Emir of Tunisia, Muhammad I al-Mustansir, who had put himself under James the Conqueror, died in 1277, Tunisia threw off the yoke of Aragonese suzerainty. Peter first sent an expedition to Tunis in 1280 under Conrad de Llansa designed to re-establish his suzerainty. In 1281, he himself prepared to lead a fleet of 140 ships with 15,000 men to invade Tunisia on behalf of the governor of Constantine.[6] The fleet landed at Alcoyll in 1282 and the troops began to fortify themselves in. It was these Aragonese troops that received a Sicilian embassy after the Vespers of 30 March asking Peter to take their throne from Charles of Anjou.

Peter was the direct descendant and the heir-general of the Mafalda, daughter of Robert Guiscard, Duke of Apulia, the Norman conqueror, and his official wife Sigelgaita, daughter of a Lombard prince, Guaimar IV of Salerno. Thus, he stood at the end of the Hauteville succession to Sicily. After the ducal family of Apulia became extinct with William II in 1127, Mafalda's heirs (then counts of Barcelona) apparently became de jure heirs of Guiscard and Sigelgaita: thus Peter was dormantly a claimant to the Norman succession of southern Italy. More directly, he was the heir of Manfred in right of his wife. The Two Sicilies were to be a tenaciously-pursued inheritance for the Aragonese royal house and its heirs for the next five centuries.

The Italian physician John of Procida acted on behalf of Peter in Sicily. John had fled to Aragon after Charles' success at Tagliacozzo. John travelled to Sicily to stir up the discontents in favour of Peter and thence to Constantinople to procure the support of Michael VIII Palaeologus. Michael refused to aid the Aragonese king without papal approval and so John voyaged to Rome and there gained the consent of Pope Nicholas III, who feared the ascent of Charles in the Mezzogiorno. John then returned to Barcelona and the pope promptly died, to be replaced by Simon de Brie, a Frenchman and a staunch ally of Charles. The stage, however, had been set for a conflict.

After receiving an embassy from the people of Palermo at Alcoyll, Peter landed at Trapani on 30 August 1282. He was proclaimed King in Palermo on 4 September. Charles was forced to flee across the Straits of Messina and be content with his "Kingdom of Naples." Simon de Brie as the new Pope Martin IV excommunicated both Peter and the Byzantine emperor for providing Peter III with 60,000 gold pieces to invade Sicily (18 November).

Peter nevertheless pressed his advantage and by February 1283 had taken most of the Calabrian coastline. Charles, perhaps feeling desperate, sent letters to Peter demanding they resolve the conflict by personal combat. The invader accepted and Charles returned to France to arrange the duel. Both kings chose six knights to settle matters of places and dates. A duel was scheduled for 1 June at Bordeaux. A hundred knights would accompany each side and Edward I of England would adjudge the contest; the English king, heeding the pope, however, refused to take part. Peter left John of Procida in charge of Sicily and returned via his own kingdom to Bordeaux, which, evading a suspected French ambush, he entered in disguise. Needless to say, no combat ever took place and Peter returned to a very troubled Spain.

While Peter was back in France and Spain, his admiral, Roger of Lauria, was wreaking havoc in Italy. He routed Charles' fleets on the high seas several times and conquered Malta for Aragon.

Peter was dealing with domestic unrest at the time when the French were preparing an invasion. He took Albarracín from the rebellious noble Juan Núñez de Lara, and he renewed the alliance with Sancho IV of Castile and attacked Tudela in an attempt to prevent the king of Navarre, Philip I, the son of the French king, from invading on that front.

Peter held meetings of the cortes at Tarragona and Zaragoza in 1283. He was forced to grant the Privilegio General to the newly-formed Union of Aragon.[12] Also in that year, Peter's brother James joined the French and recognised their suzerainty over Montpellier, giving them free passage through the Balearic Islands and Roussillon. In October, Peter began preparing the defences of Catalonia.

In 1284, Pope Martin IV granted the kingdom of Aragon to Charles, Count of Valois, the son of the French king, Philip III the Bold, and great nephew of Charles. Papal sanction was given to a war — crusade — to conquer Aragon on behalf of Charles of Valois.

In 1284, the first French armies under King Philip and Count Charles entered Roussillon. They included 16,000 cavalry, 17,000 crossbowmen, and 100,000 infantry, along with 100 ships in south French ports. Though the French had James' support, the local populace rose against them. The city of Elne was valiantly defended by the so-called bâtard de Roussillon ("bastard of Roussillon"), the illegitimate son of Nuño Sánchez, late count of Roussillon (1212–1242). Eventually he was overcome and the cathedral was burnt; the royal forces progressed.

In 1285, Philip entrenched himself before Girona in an attempt to besiege it. The resistance was strong, but the city was taken. Charles was crowned there, but without an actual crown. The French soon experienced a reversal, however, at the hands of Roger de Lauria, back from the Italian theatre of the drawn-out conflict. The French fleet was defeated and destroyed at the Battle of Les Formigues. As well, the French camp was hit hard by an epidemic of dysentery.

Philip himself was afflicted. The heir to the French throne, Philip the Fair, opened negotiations with Peter for free passage for the royal family through the Pyrenees. But the troops were not offered such passage and were decimated at the Battle of the Col de Panissars. The king of France himself died at Perpignan, the capital of James of Majorca, who had fled in fear after being confronted by Peter, and was buried in Narbonne. James was declared a vassal of Peter.

Peter matched his father in patronage of the arts and literature, but unlike him he was a lover of v

As well, the wars with Philip of France and James of Majorca furnished material for new sirventesos and during this period the sirventes was converted into a convenient tool of political propaganda in which each side could, directly or allegorically, present its case and procure sympathy propitious to its cause.

Peter died at Vilafranca del Penedès on 2 November 1285, in the same year as his two royal foes, Charles and Philip, and was buried in the monastery of Santes Creus. His deathbed absolution occurred after he declared that his conquests had been in the name of his familial claims and never against the claims of the church.

http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=59222167

En mi nuevo libro LA SORPRENDENTE GENEALOGÍA DE MIS TATARABUELOS, encontrarán a este y muchos otros de sus ancestros con un resumen biográfico de cada uno. El libro está disponible en: amazon.com barnesandnoble.com palibrio.com. Les será de mucha utilidad y diversión. Ramón Rionda
In my new book LA SORPRENDENTE GENEALOGÍA DE MIS TATARABUELOS, you will find this and many other of your ancestors, with a biography summary of each of them. The book is now available at: amazon.com barnesandnoble.com palibrio.com. Check it up, it’s worth it. Ramón Rionda

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Inés Zapata
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María Nicolau
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Jaime II el Justo, rey de Aragón
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