viernes, 18 de octubre de 2019

Herrera Argos Teresa ★ Ref: HA-722 |•••► #VENEZUELA 🏆🇻🇪★ #Genealogía #Genealogy

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2ª Bisabuela de: Carlos Juan Felipe Antonio Vicente De La Cruz Urdaneta Alamo
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(Linea Materna)
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Teresa Herrera y Argos is your second great grandmother.You→ Carlos Juan Felipe Antonio Vicente De La Cruz Urdaneta Alamo→ Morella Álamo Borges
your mother → Ángel Álamo Ibarra
her father → Angel Esteban Alamo Herrera
his father → Teresa Herrera y Argos
his motherShare this pathConfirm this relationship with DNA
You might be connected in other ways.

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Teresa Herrera y Argos
Gender: Female
Birth: estimated between 1802 and 1854
Immediate Family:
Daughter of Esteban Martín de Herrera y Rodriguez del Toro, General and María de las Mercedes Argos y Marcano
Wife of Angel Maria Alamo y Conde
Mother of Francisco de Paula Álamo Herrera, Ingeniero; Angel Esteban Alamo Herrera; Luis Alberto Alamo Herrera; Mercedes Antonia Álamo Herrera; Rosa Amelia Álamo Herrera and 2 others
Sister of José Joaquín Herrera y Argos; Enrique Herrera y Argos; Esteban Francisco Herrera y Argos; Catalina Herrera y Argos and Julia Herrera y Argos
Added by: Carlos Penzini on April 3, 2007
Managed by: Harry Delfino Martínez and 5 others
3 Matches
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Hijos de: Alamo Y Conde Angel Maria de la Encarnación y Herrera Argos Teresa 11 hijos
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Alamo Herrera Angel Esteban del Carmen

Alamo Herrera Emilio Lucas

Alamo Herrera Luis Alberto

Alamo Herrera Mercedes Antonia Ana del Carmen

Alamo Herrera Mercedes Felicia

Alamo Herrera Narcisa Teresa

Alamo Herrera Paula

Alamo Herrera Rosa Amelia

Alamo Herrera Francisco de Paula Rafael Rosalio del Carmen

Alamo Herrera Maria Teresa

Alamo Herrera Teresa

Showing 12 of 15 people

Angel Maria Alamo y Conde
husband

Francisco de Paula Álamo Herre...
son

Angel Esteban Alamo Herrera
son

Luis Alberto Alamo Herrera
son

Mercedes Antonia Álamo Herrera
daughter

Rosa Amelia Álamo Herrera
daughter

Indalecia Alamo Herrera
daughter

Enrique Emilio Alamo Herrera
son

Esteban Martín de Herrera y Rod...
father

María de las Mercedes Argos y M...
mother

José Joaquín Herrera y Argos
brother

Enrique Herrera y Argos
brother

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Descendientes de Teresa Herrera y Argos

1. Teresa Herrera y Argos
└ +Angel Maria Alamo y Conde b. January 21, 1826; d. November 1, 1885; m. May 31, 1850
2. Francisco de Paula Álamo Herrera, Ingeniero b. circa 1851, Caracas, Libertador, Capital District, Venezuela; d. 1934, Caracas, Libertador, Capital District, Venezuela
2. Angel Esteban Alamo Herrera b. February 4, 1851; d. 1912
└ +Isabel Ibarra Elizondo b. circa 1861; m. 1863
3. Vicente Álamo Ibarra b. 1889
└ +Ana Teresa Lafée Castro b. August 4, 1897, Caracas, Distrito Federal, Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of; d. February 22, 1959, Caracas, Distrito Federal, Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of; m. 1923
4. Elizabeth Álamo Lafée b. April 11, 1925
4. Mary Álamo Lafée b. June 6, 1932; d. February 11, 2011
└ +Eduardo José Larrazábal Eduardo b. November 24, 1928, Caracas, Dto. Federal, Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of; d. October 9, 1993
5. Mariana Larrazábal Álamo b. January 18, 1967
5. María Carolina Larrazábal Álamo b. September 9, 1958, Caracas, Distrito federal, Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of
└ +Francisco Xavier Landaez Lafee b. January 14, 1953, Caracas, Distrito Federal, Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of
6. María Carolina Landáez Larrazábal b. April 11, 1984, Caracas, Miranda, Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of
└ +Daniel Elkins; m. 12, 2014, California, United States
7. Ashley Carolina Elkins Landaez b. March 31, 2017, Houston, Harris County, Texas, United States
6. Andreína Landáez Larazábal b. November 23, 1986
└ +Daniel Seagrave; m. December 5, 2015, Santa Barbara County, Santa Barbara County, California, United States
7. Mary Grace Seagrave Landaez b. August 13, 2019
5. Eduardo José Larrazábal Álamo b. July 7, 1960
5. Carlos Ignacio Larrazábal Álamo b. August 15, 1962
└ +Daniella Lara Mayorca
6. Carlos Ignacio Larrazábal Lara b. July 31, 2003, Caracas, Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of
6. Alana Larrazábal Lara b. August 22, 2006, Caracas, Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of
└ +-Janine Branger Hermoso
6. Janine Larrazábal Branger b. April 21, 1993, caracas, chacao, miranda, Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of
6. Andrea Larrazábal Branger
5. Juan Pablo Larrazábal Álamo b. February 21, 1964
└ +Anabel Simón Nucete b. November 13, 1964; m. December 12, 1987, Caracas, Miranda, Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of
6. Juan Andrés Larrazábal Simón b. March 24, 1990, Caracas, Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of
6. Luis Fernando Larrazábal Simón b. October 10, 1992, Caracas, Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of
6. Vanessa Larrazábal Simón b. March 4, 1998, Caracas, Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of
5. Francisco José Larrazábal Álamo b. May 31, 1958; d. January 5, 2009
5. Francisco Jose Alamo Lafee
5. Juan Pablo Alamo Lafee
3. Ángel Álamo Ibarra b. November 12, 1889, Caracas, Distrito Capital, Venezuela; d. December 13, 1970
└ +Belén Borges Ustáriz b. January 25, 1893, Carabobo, Venezuela; d. August 18, 1981; m. January 31, 1919, X-Unknown
4. Belén Álamo Borges b. January 15, 1920, Caracas, Distrito Federal, Venezuela; d. 1994
└ +Eugenio Antonio Méndez Núñez b. December 10, 1915, Caracas, Distrito Federal, Venezuela
5. Eugenio Antonio Méndez Álamo b. December 15, 1942
└ +Cristina Carmen Stein Buhler b. February 26, 1956
6. Camila Méndez Stein b. December 26, 1985
5. Gustavo Méndez Álamo b. October 1, 1948; d. circa 2016
└ +Clara Eugenia Marquez b. September 20, 1951
6. Daniela Federica Mendez Marquez b. July 23, 1988
5. Ana Isabel Mendez Alamo b. October 16, 1949
└ +Maurice Reyna
6. Manuela Reyna Mendez b. February 14, 1976
6. Rodrigo Reyna Mendez b. November 16, 1978
4. Isabel Álamo Borges b. September 4, 1926
└ +Juan Andrés Vegas Pacheco b. July 26, 1921, Caracas, Libertador, Capital District, Venezuela; d. August 10, 1992, Caracas, Libertador, Capital District, Venezuela; m. January 6, 1949, Caracas, Libertador, Capital District, Venezuela
5. Juan Andrés Vegas Alamo b. September 4, 1950
└ +-Zaira Sánchez
6. Joanna Vegas Sánchez b. January 23, 1974, Caracas, Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of
└ +-Eugenia Llamozas
6. Juan Andrés Vegas Llamozas
└ +Maria Eugenia Hernández Rivero b. December 5, 1957, Caracas, Libertador, Capital District, Venezuela
5. Isabella Vegas Alamo b. February 9, 1952, Caracas, Libertador, Capital District, Venezuela
└ +Harry James Wallis Landáez; m. March 20, 1975, Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of
6. Annabella Wallis Vegas b. April 25, 1977
└ +Claudio rocco Campanelli Ardila, ardila
7. Michele Campanelli Wallis
7. Mattía Campanelli Wallis
6. Isabella Wallis Vegas b. November 6, 1982
6. Alessia Margarita Wallis Vegas b. August 10, 1989
└ +Martín Felipe Tovar Mannil b. circa 1985
5. María Alejandra Vegas Alamo b. August 2, 1962
└ +-Alejandro Chiossone
6. Alejandro Andrés Chiossone Vegas
5. Rafael Vegas Alamo b. June 13, 1965, Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of
└ +-Ana Isabel Bermúdez Troconis b. November 7, 1972
6. Isabel Vegas Bermúdez b. circa April 25, 2002
5. Vegas Álamo
└ +- Llamozas Fornez
4. Morella Álamo Borges b. November 13, 1936
└ +-Enrique Jorge Urdaneta Lecuna b. April 23, 1931, Caracas, Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of; d. October 30, 2003, San Felipe, Distrito Bolívar, Yaracuy, Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of; m. July 4, 1955, Caracas, Municipio Libertador, Distrito Capital, Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of
5. Ángela María de las Mercedes Urdaneta Álamo b. May 8, 1956, Madrid, Spain
└ +-Jose Pigna Ruan; m. circa July 1978, Caracas, Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of; div.circa 1984, Caracas, Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of
6. Fabiana Cristina Pigna Urdaneta b. July 20, 1982, Caracas, Edo. Miranda, Venezuela
└ +Miles Brandman b. January 8, 1980
7. Mercedes Isabel Brandman Pigna Brandman b. December 9, 2018, La, Los Angeles County, California, United States
└ +-Antonio Reyes; m. 1989, Caracas, Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of; div.1994, Caracas, Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of
6. Nicola Reyes Urdaneta b. August 12, 1992, Caracas, Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of
└ +Matt Gulla Reyes Urdaneta
7. Stanley Emmanuel Gulla Reyes Reyes Urdaneta b. February 27, 2014, Atlanta, Fulton County, Georgia, United States
└ +Wayne Justin Przybyl Wilk b. November 16, 1942; m. March 28, 2002, Plano, McKinney, Texas, United States
5. Elena Cecilia Urdaneta Álamo b. August 29, 1957, CARACAS, Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of
└ +-Maximiliano Octavio Yelamo b. October 26, 1954
6. Isabel Elena Octavio Urdaneta b. May 19, 1980, HOUSTON, Texas, United States
└ +-Javier Napoleón Diaz-Nuila Iraheta b. September 5, 1982, Miami, Fla., Florida, United States
7. Isabella Diaz-Nuila Octavio b. November 26, 2012
7. Daniela Diaz-Nuila Octavio b. September 3, 2014
└ +-Faustino Perozo Monagas
6. Juan Andrés Perozo Urdaneta b. April 25, 1988
6. Faustino Perozo Urdaneta
└ +Ángel Enrique Lupi Vale b. November 26, 1951
5. Morella Urdaneta Alamo b. April 30, 1959, Caracas, Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of
└ +-Pascual Cabrera Rojas
6. Antonio Enrique Cabrera Urdaneta b. October 24, 1979
└ +Maria Julia Zubillaga Melendez
7. Enrique Ignacio Cabrera Zubillaga b. May 24, 2010, Caracas, Municipio Libertador, Distrito Capital, Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of
7. Mariajulia Cabrera Zubillaga Zubillaga Melendez b. January 26, 2014
6. Carlos Eduardo Cabrera Urdaneta b. June 14, 1983, caracas, miranda, Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of
└ +Elena Paola Monecke Medina Cabrera Urdaneta b. February 8, 1988
7. Thomas Eduardo Cabrera Monecke Cabrera Urdaneta b. September 9, 2016, Florida, United States
└ +Boni Garofalo González b. June 3, 1945, Caracas, Miranda, Venezuela; m. June 4, 1994, X-Unknown
6. Morella Alessandra Garofalo Urdaneta b. June 19, 1995, Miami, Miami-Dade, Florida, United States
5. Carlos Juan Urdaneta Alamo b. November 16, 1960, CARACAS, VENEZUELA, MIRANDA, Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of
└ +Beatriz Rodriguez Jorajuria b. March 24, 1961, Barquisimeto, Iribarren, Lara, Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of; m. December 11, 1986, CARACAS, VENEZUELA, MIRANDA, Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of
6. Alejandra Isabel Urdaneta Rodriguez b. March 2, 1993, Caracas, Venezuela, Miranda, Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of
6. Andrea Carolina Urdaneta Rodriguez b. September 14, 1997, Caracas, Venezuela, Miranda, Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of
5. Enrique Vicente Urdaneta Alamo b. January 8, 1969, CARACAS, Baruta, Miranda, Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of
└ +María Alejandra Mezerhane Blasini b. July 16, 1971, Caracas, Distrito Capital, Venezuela; m. November 24, 1996, Caracas, La Florida, DF, Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of
6. Carlos Ignacio Urdaneta Mezerhane b. December 22, 2001
6. Diego Jose Urdaneta Mezerhane b. March 15, 2005
6. Nelson Enrique Urdaneta Mezerhane b. August 3, CARACAS, Venezuela
6. Lorenzo Enrique Urdaneta Mezerhane
4. Elena Álamo Borges d. August 1, 2015, Caracas, Libertador, Capital District, Venezuela
└ +Victor Molina Vargas
5. Diego Molina Alamo
3. Roberto Alamo Ibarra b. 1893; d. 1983
└ +María Blanco Grillet
4. Roberto Adrián Álamo Blanco b. circa October 23, 1923, Berlín, Germany; d. circa January 23, 1988, Caracas, Estado Miranda, Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of
└ +Clara Sol Aguerrevere Villanueva b. October 22, 1928, Illinois, United States; m. circa July 23, 1949, Caracas, Casa dela Tía Clara, Estado Miranda, Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of
5. Roberto Javier Alamo Aguerrevere b. April 29, 1952, Caracas, Distrito Federal, Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of
└ +Laura Liberatore de Alamo; m. May 3, 2002
5. José Angel Alamo Aguerrevere b. April 29, 1954, Caracas, Distrito Federal, Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of
└ +Ana J González de Alamo b. March 28, 1953, Caracas, Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of; m. March 21, 1987, Caracas, Estado Miranda, Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of
6. Susana Alamo González b. August 1, 88, Caracas, Estado Miranda, Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of
└ +Jorge Luís García.; m. December 13, 2014
6. Rebeca Alamo González b. July 23, 1996, Caracas, Estado Miranda, Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of
5. Diego Adrian Alamo Aguerrevere b. March 19, 1956, Caracas, Distrito Federal, Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of
└ +Solange Josefina Carmona Paez b. December 25, 1957, Caracas, Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of; m. October 11, 1986, Caracas, Estado Miranda, Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of
6. Andrés Eduardo Alamo Carmona b. July 30, 1987, Caracas, Estado Miranda, Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of
6. Javier Ignacio Alamo Carmona b. January 25, 1990, Caracas, Estado Miranda, Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of
5. Carlos E. Alamo Aguerrevere b. June 3, 1959, Caracas, Venezuela, Miranda, Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of
└ +Siria María Tedeschi de Alamo b. July 28, 1959, Merida, Mérida, Mérida, Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of; m. December 19, 1982, Caracas, Miranda, Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of
6. Ricardo J. Alamo Tedeschi b. June 26, 1983, Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of
6. Roberto Enrique Alamo Tedeschi b. February 29, 1988, Caracas, Estado Miranda, Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of
5. Enrique Alamo Aguerrevere b. May 16, 1960, Caracas, Distrito Federal, Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of
└ +Rosablanca Matteo Mazzocchin b. November 27, 1960; m. July 21, 1990, Casa de San Marino, Caracas, Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of
6. Beatriz Alamo Matteo b. November 18, 1992, United States
6. Carlos Eduardo (Carlitos) Alamo Matteo b. August 9, 1989; d. October 19, 2006
5. Clara Inés Alamo Aguerrevere b. February 11, 1962, Caracas, Distrito Federal, Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of
└ +Gustavo josé Hernández b. May 9, 1966
6. Gustavo Enrique Hernández Alamo b. April 9, 1997, Caracas, Estado Miranda, Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of
5. María Teresa Alamo Aguerrevere b. March 21, 1964, Caracas, Distrito Federal, Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of
└ +Massimo Antonio Gualtieri Campana b. August 6, 1959, Caracas, Distrito Federal, Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of; m. October 11, 1995, Caracas, Chacao, Estado Miranda, Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of
6. María Belén Gualtieri Alamo b. September 23, 1996, Caracas, Estado Miranda, Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of
5. Isabel Cecilia Alamo Aguerrevere
└ +Juan José Ríos
4. Maribel Alamo Blanco
└ +Alfredo Araya
5. Roberto Andrés Araya Alamo
5. Alfredo Eduardo Araya Alamo
3. Isabel Alamo Ibarra b. May 26, 1895, Venezuela; d. circa 1985, Miami, Miami-Dade County, Florida, United States
└ +Diógenes Rafael Escalante Ugarte b. October 24, 1879, San Cristobal, Táchira, Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of; d. November 13, 1964, Miami, Florida, United States
4. Isabel Escalante Álamo b. circa 1916
└ +Manuel Landa
4. María Teresa Escalante Alamo b. circa 1926, Venezuela; d. circa 2011
└ +Ramon Arturo Bustamante Perez b. August 2, 1903, San Salvador, San Salvador, El Salvador
└ +Juan Salleras Llinares
5. Juan Diego Salleras Escalante
└ +Ann Saladna Ivy
6. Juan Marc Salleras Saladna
6. Andrea Luisa Salleras Saladna
5. Sandra Luisa Salleras Escalante
└ +-Paul Frances Griffing
6. Sean Griffing
5. Sylvia Teresa Salleras Escalante
└ +Carlos Luis Siso Olavarría
6. Carlos Luis Siso Salleras
6. Sandra Teresa Siso Salleras
6. Siso Salleras
3. María de Lourdes Alamo Ibarra b. 1897
└ +Bernardo Kaufman
3. Carlos Alamo Ibarra b. February 1, 1900
└ +Mercedes Josefina Sosa González b. 1906
4. Zulay Alamo Sosa d. June 14, 1975, Caracas, Libertador, Capital District, Venezuela
└ +Henrique José Velutini Agüero b. 1913
5. Henrique José Velutini Alamo b. 1952, Caracas
5. Eduardo Jose Velutini Alamo b. May 20, 1954
└ +Maria Gabriela de Gregorio
6. Eduardo Miguel Velutini Gregorio
└ +Don Andres Baltran de Otarola; m. 1974, Barbados
4. Mercedes (Zikiú) Álamo Sosa
└ +Eduardo Monteverde Pantin b. Caracas, Libertador, Capital District, Venezuela; d. Caracas, Libertador, Capital District, Venezuela
5. Zikiú Josefina Monteverde Álamo b. September 29, 1960; d. circa 1982
5. Eduardo Ignacio Monteverde Álamo
5. Oscar Eduardo Monteverde Alamo
└ +María de Lourdes Baralt Van Beelen b. August 17, 1952
4. Beatriz Álamo Sosa
└ +Carlos Alberto de Lourdes Sosa Izquierdo b. September 28, 1926, Caracas, Libertador, Capital District, Venezuela
5. carlos Alberto sosa b. circa 1949, Caracas, Libertador, Capital District, Venezuela
└ +-Ondina Giménez
6. Carlos Sosa Giménez
└ +Emilia Sosa Giménez
6. Ximena Sosa Giménez
└ +Gonzalo Romero Rodriguez
5. Luis Felipe Sosa Alamo
└ +isabella Pradas
6. Eugenia Pradas
6. Luis Francisco Sosa
6. Alejandra Sosa
5. Rafael Enrique Sosa Alamo
└ +Hilda Mercedes Rodríguez de Sosa b. March 19, 1958, Caracas, Distrito Capital, Venezuela
6. Rafael Enrique Sosa Rodríguez b. February 13, 1988, Caracas, Distrito Capital, Venezuela
6. Mercedes Josefina Sosa Rodriguez b. January 7, 1992, Caracas, Distrito Capital, Venezuela
6. Jose Felix Sosa Rodriguez b. February 16, 1997, Caracas, Distrito Capital, Venezuela
6. Pedro Miguel Sosa Rodriguez b. June 1998, Caracas, Distrito Capital, Venezuela
6. Fernando Jose Sosa Rodriguez b. December 28, 2001, Caracas, Distrito Capital, Venezuela
5. Ileana Sosa Alamo
5. Francisco Jose Sosa Alamo
3. Diego Alamo Ibarra
3. María Teresa Álamo Ibarra
└ +Bernardo Kauffman
2. Luis Alberto Alamo Herrera b. 1852
└ +Concepción Rivero Escudero b. 1854, Santa Lucia
3. Luis Alberto Alamo Rivero b. 1887
3. Elia Alamo b. 1892
3. Maria Alamo Rivero
3. Albertina Alamo Rivero
3. Maria Luisa Alamo Rivero
2. Mercedes Antonia Álamo Herrera b. 1858
2. Rosa Amelia Álamo Herrera b. 1869
└ +Carl Alfred Scharffenorth b. January 12, 1856; m. December 20, 1893
3. Elsa Schaffernorth Álamo
└ +Alfredo Zuloaga Blanco b. 1898
4. Elsita Zuloaga de Legorboru
└ +Ramón Legorboru
3. María Teresa Scharffenorth Alamo
└ +Pedro S. Luigi
4. Antonieta Luigi Scharffenorth
4. Violeta Luigi Scharffenorth
└ +Alfredo Clemente Heimerdinger
5. Alfredo Jose Clemente Luigi
5. Andres Clemente Luigi
└ +Giuseppina Ragone
6. Alfredo Vicente Clemente Ragone
6. Graciela Clemente Ragone
5. Félix Clemente Luigi
└ +Maria Benilde Corsel
5. Lucia Clemente Luigi
4. Teresa Luigi Scharffenorth
2. Indalecia Alamo Herrera
└ +Bernabé Planas Torres
3. Pedro Planas Alamo
3. Indalecia Planas Álamo
└ +Andrés Simón Rodríguez Azpúrua b. November 29, 1881
4. Indalecia de la Natividad de los Dolores Rodríguez Planas b. October 8, 1911, Caracas, Caracas Metropolitan District, Venezuela; d. March 1994, Caracas, Caracas Metropolitan District, Venezuela
└ +Jorge Monroe Délano Ross b. March 14, 1908, Paris, Île-de-France, France; d. October 31, 1990, Caracas, Caracas Metropolitan District, Venezuela; m. June 15, 1933, Paris, Île-de-France, France
5. Jorge Andrés Délano Rodríguez b. January 10, 1935, Paris, Île-de-France, France; d. September 13, 2017, Connecticut, United States
└ +-Clarita Blöhm Knohr b. 1940, Caracas, Caracas Metropolitan District, Venezuela
6. Helena Clarita Délano Blöhm b. June 6, 1964, Caracas, Caracas Metropolitan District, Venezuela
└ +-Jaime Francisco F. Pérez Branger b. 1959, Valencia, Carabobo, Venezuela; m. July 31, 1998, Caracas, Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of
└ +Bernardo Antonio Cañizares McGrath b. 1957, Maracaibo, Zulia, Venezuela
6. Christina Alecia Délano Blöhm b. January 18, 1967, Caracas, Caracas Metropolitan District, Venezuela
└ +Gustavo Adolfo Machado Capriles b. December 2, 1962, Caracas, Caracas Metropolitan District, Venezuela; m. 1993, Caracas, Caracas Metropolitan District, Venezuela
7. Machado Délano
7. Machado Délano
7. Machado Délano
6. Irene Carolina Délano Blöhm b. 1969, Caracas, Caracas Metropolitan District, Venezuela
└ +Jorge Luis Morasso Tucker b. 1963, Caracas, Caracas Metropolitan District, Venezuela
7. Morasso Délano
7. Morasso Délano
7. Morasso Délano
└ +Katherine Elizabeth Wadsworth Delaney b. June 6, 1951, New Britain, CT, United States
6. Ross Andrés Délano Wadsworth b. May 24, 1986, Hartford, CT, United States
└ +Allison Duncan b. Corning, Steuben County, New York, United States
7. Délano
4. Luisa Rodríguez Planas b. May 15, 1915; d. October 27, 2004
└ +Eugenio Mendoza Goiticoa b. November 13, 1906, Caracas, Venezuela; d. October 17, 1979, Caracas, Venezuela; m. 1938
5. Eugenio Antonio Mendoza Rodríguez b. circa May 1, 1953, Caracas, Libertador, Capital District, Venezuela
└ +María Luisa Guruceaga López
6. Luisana Mendoza Guruceaga
6. Eugenio Oscar Mendoza Guruceaga
6. Maria Luisa Mendoza Guruceaga
6. Mendoza Guruceaga
5. Gertrudis Elena Mendoza Rodríguez
└ +Manuel Azpúrua Arreaza b. September 27, 1942, Caracas, Libertador, Capital District, Venezuela; m. 1970, Caracas, Libertador, Capital District, Venezuela
6. Luisa Mercedes Azpúrua Mendoza b. July 12, Caracas, Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of
└ +Henrique Ulivi Hedderich
7. Ana Luisa Ulivi Azpúrua
7. Bettina Isabel Ulivi Azpúrua
7. Isabel Helena Helena Ulivi Azpúrua
6. Manuel Henrique Azpurua Mendoza
└ +Mariana Auxiliadora Pérez Mendoza
7. Mariana Auxiliadora Azpúrua Pérez
7. Azpúrua Perez
7. Azpúrua Pérez (Pérez Mendoza)
└ +Unknown
└ +Ernesto Vogeler Olavarría b. circa 1938, Caracas, Municipio Libertador, Distrito Capital, Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of; d. circa 1970, Puerto La Cruz, Distrito Bolívar, Anzoátegui, Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of
6. Andreina Vogeler Mendoza b. September 19, 1967, Caracas, Libertador, Caracas Metropolitan District, Venezuela
└ +Augusto José Pérez Gómez b. April 1, 1964; m. December 8, 88, caracas, Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of
7. Ana Elena Pérez Vogeler
7. Federica Elana Pérez Vogeler
7. Pérez Vogeler
7. Alexandra Isabel Perez Vogler b. August 9, 2005, Caracas, Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of
6. Gertrudis Elena Vogeler Mendoza
└ +RAFAEL HENRIQUE Garcia Luján
7. RAFAEL HENRIQUE GARCIA VOGELER
7. RAFAEL ERNESTO GARCIA VOGELER
7. CARLOS EDUARDO GARCIA VOGELER
6. Juan Andrés Vogeler Mendoza
6. Ernesto Eugenio Vogeler Mendoza d. 2009
└ +María Margarita Machado Uzcátegui
7. Ernesto Eugenio Vogeler Machado
7. Ana Margarita Vogeler Machado
7. Rodrigo Eduardo Vogeler Machado
5. Eugenio Andres Mendoza Rodríguez
5. Luisa Elena Mendoza Rodríguez
└ +Pablo Adolfo Pulido Musche b. January 6, 1936, Caracas, Caracas Metropolitan District, Venezuela
6. Maria Teresa Pulido Mendoza b. January 21, 1964, [object Object], United States
└ +Fernando Fernandez de Cordova b. November 4, 1963
7. Gonzalo Pablo Fernandez de Corrdova Pulido
7. Pablo Alonzo Fernandez de Cordova Pulido
└ +-Leopoldo Ferris Wallis
7. Maria Teresa Ferris Pulido
7. (No Name)
7. Maria Teresa Ferris Pulido
6. Luisa Mariana Pulido Mendoza
└ +Andrés Ignacio Sucre Guruceaga b. November 15, 1954
7. José Ignacio Sucre Pulido
└ +Elizabeth Manuela Tinoco Lewis b. circa 1988, United States; m. November 30, 2018, Miami Beach, Miami-Dade County, Florida, United States
7. Andrés Eugenio Sucre Pulido
7. Luisa Elena Sucre Pulido
7. Andres Ignacio Sucre Pulido
└ +Daniela Matilde Acosta Troconis
6. Maria Gabriela Pulido Mendoza
└ +Hermógenes José López Degwitz
7. Maria Gabriela Lopez Pulido
7. Clara Luisa Lopez Pulido
7. Alesia Cristina Lopez Pulido
7. Hermógenes José Lopez Pulido
6. María Alexandra Alexandra Pulido Mendoza
└ +Lorenzo Alejandro Mendoza Giménez b. October 5, 1965, Caracas, Municipio Libertador, Distrito Capital, Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of
7. María Alexandra Mendoza Pulido
7. Ana Mercedes Mendoza Pulido
7. Lorenzo Alejandro Mendoza Pulido
7. Cristóbal Mendoza Pulido
7. Santiago Alejandro Mendoza Pulido
7. Sofia Alexia Mendoza Pulido
6. Ana Federica Pulido Mendoza
└ +Eduardo Hernandez
7. Eduardo Antonio Hernandez Pulido
7. Guillermo Antonio Hernandez Pulido
7. Federico Antonio Hernandez Pulido
6. Pablo Antonio Pulido Mendoza
└ +Geraldine Salomón
7. Andrea Alexandra Pulido Salomón
7. Geraldine Eugenia Pulido Salomón
4. Carmen Rodríguez Planas d. March 6, 2004
└ +de Boisgelin
3. Bernabé Planas Alamo
2. Enrique Emilio Alamo Herrera
└ +María Gutiérrez Azpurúa

David Avraham ben Hazub, Exilarch 'Rab David II', haSofer b'Pumbeditha ✡ Ref: AG-655 |•••► #Israel #Genealogia #Genealogy

____________________________________________________________________________
31 ° Bisabuelo de: Carlos Juan Felipe Antonio Vicente De La Cruz Urdaneta Alamo
____________________________________________________________________________

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David Avraham ben Hazub, Exilarch 'Rab David II', haSofer b'Pumbeditha is your 31st great grandfather.You→ Carlos Juan Felipe Antonio Vicente De La Cruz Urdaneta Alamo→ Enrique Jorge Urdaneta Lecuna
your father → Carlos Urdaneta Carrillo
his father → Enrique Urdaneta Maya, Dr.
his father → Josefa Alcira Maya de la Torre y Rodríguez
his mother → Vicenta Rodríguez Uzcátegui
her mother → María Celsa Uzcátegui Rincón
her mother → Sancho Antonio de Uzcátegui Briceño
her father → Jacobo de Uzcátegui Bohorques
his father → Luisa Jimeno de Bohorques Dávila
his mother → Juan Jimeno de Bohórquez
her father → Luisa Velásquez de Velasco
his mother → Juan Velásquez de Velasco y Montalvo, Gobernador de La Grita
her father → Ortún Velázquez de Velasco
his father → María Enríquez de Acuña
his mother → Inés Enríquez y Quiñones
her mother → Fadrique Enríquez de Mendoza, 2º Almirante Mayor de Castilla, Conde de Melgar y Rueda
her father → Alonso Enríquez de Castilla, 1er. Almirante Mayor de Castilla, Señor de Medina de Rio Seco
his father → Yonati bat Gedaliah, Paloma
his mother → Gedalia Shlomo ibn ben Shlomo ibn Yaḥyā haZaken
her father → Shlomo ben Yahya ibn Yahya
his father → Yosef ibn Yahya HaZaken
his father → Don Yehuda ibn Yahya ibn Ya'ish
his father → Don Yahya "el Negro"
his father → Yehudah "Ya'ish" ben Yahuda ibn ben Yahudah ibn Yaḥyā, senhor de Aldeia dos Negros
his father → Hayy "Hiyya" ibn Ya'ish ibn Ya'ish ben ben David al-Daudi, HaNasi
his father → David "Ya'ish" ibn Hiyya
his father → Yehudah Hayy "Yahya" ben Hiyya, Nasi, Ra'is b'Rabbanan al-Tulaytula
his father → Ṣāʿid al-Andalusī "Hiyya al-Daudi", Qaḍī of Cordoba & Toledo
his father → Abu Suleiman David ibn Yaʿīs̲h̲ ben Yehuda Ibn Ya Ish ben Zakai II ben Zakai II, Nasi, Qāḍī, haDayyan of Toledo
his father → Yehudah "Zakhai" Natan ben Avraham al-Andalusi Nasi, Qadi de Sidonia ben Avraham al-Andalusī, Nasi, Qaḍī of Sidonia
his father → Abu Isḥāq Ibrahim Sahl (abu Ishaq Ibrahim ibn al-Nag'hdilah ibn Ata al-Yahudi, haRoffeh) Exilarch, Rosh Golah of Judah ibn al-Nag'hdīlah ibn Ata al-yahūdī, haRoffe al-Galut 'Mar Sahl'
his father → 'Nathan HaBabli' ben Abu Ishaq Avraham Nasi, 2nd. Exilarca Mar Uqba HaRofeh, Qadi al-Qayraw ben Abu Ishaq Avraham, Exilarch 'Mar Uqba HaRofeh', Qadi al-Qayrawānī
his father → David Avraham ben Hazub, Exilarch 'Rab David II', haSofer b'Pumbeditha
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David Avraham ben Chazub [David (II) ben Zakkai ben Judah (I)] 26th. Exilarch 3rd. Dynasty, Rosh Golah of Judah Ha Sofer de Pumbeditha ben Hazub, Exilarch 'Rab David II', haSofer b'Pumbeditha MP
Dutch: David Avraham ben Hazub, Exilarch 'Rab David II', haSofer b'Pumbeditha
Gender: Male
Birth: circa 896
Ramla, Israel
Death: 980 (80-88)
Baghdad, Baghdād, Iraq
Immediate Family:
Son of R' David Nathan Exilarca, Rosh Golah de Judá Gaon Ha Sofer de Pumbeditha ben Chazub, Exilarch, Rosh Golah of Judah and Judith Bat Zemah ben Paltoi Kohen Sedeq Gaon de Pumbeditha bat Ẓemaḥ ben Palṭoi Kohen Ṣedeq Gaon of Pumbeditha
Husband of unknown
Father of Yehuda "Zakai" ben David, 29th Exilarch 'Judah II' and 'Nathan HaBabli' ben Abu Ishaq Avraham Nasi, 2nd. Exilarca Mar Uqba HaRofeh, Qadi al-Qayraw ben Abu Ishaq Avraham, Exilarch 'Mar Uqba HaRofeh', Qadi al-Qayrawānī
Brother of Abu Zakkai "Yehudah" ben David
Added by: Martin von Boeckmann on September 25, 2009
Managed by: Jaim David Harlow, J2b2a1a1a1b3c and 11 others
Curated by: Jaim David Harlow, J2b2a1a1a1b3c
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David was Rosh Kallah. Rabbi David had at least three (3) sons – Yehudah(1st), Nathan (2nd) and Hiyya (3rd). Rabbi David's nephew named Hai was Gaon of Pumbeditha Academy (tenure ended in 989/90 CE when Pumbeditha Academy was moved to Baghdad). Rabbi David traveled to Baghdad where Hai became a Dayyan for many years prior to becoming Gaon of Pumbeditha. According to Hayy ben Sherira Gaon, Hiyya ben David had a difficult time adapting to the customs of Baghdad Jewry notably the recitation of certain piyyutim (poems) more frequently than they are prescribed. David was deprived of governmental authority by the Fatimid invaders of Palestine (after his son Nathan was born), and fled Palestine to Baghdad – later returning to Palestine before his death.

1 “The geonim of Babylonia and the shaping of medieval Jewish culture” by Dr. Robert Brody, Yale University Press, 1998 ISBN0300070470, 9780300070477

David ben Judah was an exilarch during the first half of the ninth century. In his bid for office, David was opposed by another member of the exilarchal dynasty named Daniel ben Saul ben Anan (Qara'im). The dispute between the two candidates is mentioned in the Epistle of Sherira Gaon, as well as in the Syriac chronicles of Michael the Syrian and Bar Hebraeus. According to the latter sources, David was backed by the Jews of Tiberias, while Daniel, described as a follower of ʿAnan ben David, had the support of the Babylonians. The same sources connect the conflict with a proclamation by the Abbasid caliph al-Maʿmūn (d. 833) allowing religious groups of at least ten people to appoint their own leaders.

David is generally thought to have been the victor in the controversy, but a reference to the grave of “the exilarch Daniel in the time of al-Maʿmūn” in an eleventh-century letter from the Cairo Geniza recently led to the suggestion that each of the candidates may have viewed himself as the legitimate appointee. Sherira notes in the Epistle that in David ben Judah’s time the exilarchate lost its authority over the Pumbedita yeshiva. David had a son named Judah who was an exilarch in the second half of the ninth century.

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David era Rosh Kallah. El rabino David tuvo al menos tres (3) hijos: Yehudah (1 °), Nathan (2 °) e Hiyya (3 °). El sobrino del rabino David llamado Hai era Gaon de la Academia Pumbeditha (la tenencia terminó en 989/90 CE cuando la Academia Pumbeditha fue trasladada a Bagdad). El rabino David viajó a Bagdad, donde Hai se convirtió en Dayyan durante muchos años antes de convertirse en Gaon de Pumbeditha. Según Hayy ben Sherira Gaon, Hiyya ben David tuvo dificultades para adaptarse a las costumbres de los judíos de Bagdad, especialmente la recitación de ciertos piyyutim (poemas) con más frecuencia de lo que se prescribe. David fue privado de la autoridad gubernamental por los invasores fatimíes de Palestina (después del nacimiento de su hijo Nathan), y huyó de Palestina a Bagdad, luego regresó a Palestina antes de su muerte.

1 "Los geonim de Babilonia y la configuración de la cultura judía medieval" por el Dr. Robert Brody, Yale University Press, 1998 ISBN0300070470, 9780300070477

David ben Judá fue un exilarch durante la primera mitad del siglo IX. En su intento por el cargo, David se opuso a otro miembro de la dinastía exilarchal llamado Daniel ben Saul ben Anan (Qara'im). La disputa entre los dos candidatos se menciona en la Epístola de Sherira Gaon, así como en las crónicas siríacas de Michael the Syrian y Bar Hebraeus. Según las últimas fuentes, David fue respaldado por los judíos de Tiberíades, mientras que Daniel, descrito como un seguidor de nanAnan ben David, contó con el apoyo de los babilonios. Las mismas fuentes conectan el conflicto con una proclamación del califa abasí al-Maʿmūn (muerto en 833) que permite a grupos religiosos de al menos diez personas nombrar a sus propios líderes.

En general, se cree que David fue el vencedor en la controversia, pero una referencia a la tumba del "exilarch Daniel en la época de al-Maʿmūn" en una carta del siglo XI de El Cairo Geniza recientemente llevó a la sugerencia de que cada uno de ellos los candidatos pueden haberse visto a sí mismos como el designado legítimo. Sherira señala en la Epístola que en tiempos de David ben Judá el exilarcado perdió su autoridad sobre la yeshiva Pumbedita. David tuvo un hijo llamado Judá que fue un exilarch en la segunda mitad del siglo IX.
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Arnold Franklin

Gil, Moshe. The Jews in Islamic Countries in the Middle Ages (Leiden: Brill, 2004).

Goode, Alexander. “The Exilarchate in the Eastern Caliphate, 637–1258,” Jewish Quarterly Review, n.s. 31 (1940): 149–169.

Arnold Franklin. " David ben Judah." Encyclopedia of Jews in the Islamic World. Executive Editor Norman A. Stillman. Brill Online , 2012. Reference. Jim Harlow. 09 July 2012

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Historical note: The name of the scribe who wrote the text of the Aleppo Codex is Shlomo Ben Boya’a, and the well-known Masorete Aharon Ben Asher added the vowels, the cantillation marks, and the Masoretic commentary. This information emerges from the dedication of the Aleppo Codex, which was written at the end of the manuscript about a hundred years after its completion, when it was dedicated to the Karaite community of Jerusalem. This is what it says: This is the complete codex of the twenty-four books, written by our teacher and rabbi Shlomo known as Ben Boya’a, the swift scribe, and the spirit of the Lord guided him, and it was vocalized and transmitted with great meticulousness by the great scholar and wise sage, the lord of scribes and the father of sages, the chief of scholars, swift in his deeds, whose understanding of the work was unique in his generation, master Rabbi Aharon the son of master Rabbi Asher, may his soul be bound in life with the prophets and pious and righteous. The expert Masorete, Aharon Ben Asher, receives a long list of praises here. His collaborator in the work was the scribe of the manuscript, Shlomo Ben Boya’a, and most likely the scribe’s work was mainly technical: the copying of the letters in a fine hand. He apparently did this work for the vocalizer and Masorete, Aharon Ben Asher.

The exact date of the writing of the Aleppo Codex is unknown, because the manuscript does not contain a colophon (the scribe’s afterword, containing details about his identity and the time and place of the writing). Nevertheless, the approximate date of the writing of the Aleppo Codex can be determined indirectly: the scribe of the codex, Shlomo Ben Boya’a, also wrote a manuscript of the Pentateuch, which is found today in Saint Petersburg (MS Russian National Library Evr II B17). The inscriptions at the end of this manuscript show that it was written in 929, which is thus the approximate time of the writing of the Aleppo Codex. Comparison of the handwriting of the two manuscripts shows that, indeed, the same man wrote them both, which corroborates and confirms what was written in the dedication of the Aleppo Codex. It has been conjectured by Mordecai Glatzer that the Keter was the personal property of the Masorete, which he kept for many years, painstakingly correcting it and adding Masoretic commentary according to the directives of the Masora.

In 958 Hasdai ibn Yitzhak Ibn Shaprut (a/k/a Abu Yūsuf Hasdai ibn Isḥāq ibn Ezra ibn Shaprūt[1]), of Cordoba, cures King Sancho I, King of Navarre & Leon, of his obesity by altering his diet and adding herbs. According to Spanish Historians Sancho I ascended the throne of Leon in 956 adter the death of his father, but two years later was rejected by courtiers due to his his extreme obesity and avarice for food; he was deposed by the nobles of León and Castile, led by Count Fernan Gonzalez , naming king Ordoño IV .
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Nota histórica: El nombre del escriba que escribió el texto del Códice de Alepo es Shlomo Ben Boya’a, y el conocido Masorete Aharon Ben Asher agregó las vocales, las marcas de cantilación y el comentario masorético. Esta información surge de la dedicación del Códice de Alepo, que se escribió al final del manuscrito unos cien años después de su finalización, cuando se dedicó a la comunidad Karaite de Jerusalén. Esto es lo que dice: este es el códice completo de los veinticuatro libros, escritos por nuestro maestro y rabino Shlomo conocido como Ben Boya'a, el escriba rápido, y el espíritu del Señor lo guió, y fue vocalizado y transmitido con gran meticulosidad por el gran erudito y sabio sabio, el señor de los escribas y el padre de los sabios, el jefe de eruditos, veloz en sus hechos, cuya comprensión de la obra fue única en su generación, el maestro rabino Aharon, hijo del maestro Rabino Asher, que su alma esté atada en la vida con los profetas, piadosos y justos. El experto Masorete, Aharon Ben Asher, recibe una larga lista de elogios aquí. Su colaborador en el trabajo fue el escriba del manuscrito, Shlomo Ben Boya’a, y lo más probable es que el trabajo del escriba fuera principalmente técnico: la copia de las cartas en una mano fina. Aparentemente hizo este trabajo para el vocalista y Masorete, Aharon Ben Asher.

Se desconoce la fecha exacta de la escritura del Códice de Alepo, porque el manuscrito no contiene un colofón (epílogo del escriba, que contiene detalles sobre su identidad y la hora y el lugar de la escritura). Sin embargo, la fecha aproximada de la redacción del Códice Alepo se puede determinar indirectamente: el escriba del códice, Shlomo Ben Boya'a, también escribió un manuscrito del Pentateuco, que se encuentra hoy en San Petersburgo (MS Russian National Library Evr II B17). Las inscripciones al final de este manuscrito muestran que fue escrito en 929, que es el tiempo aproximado de la redacción del Códice de Alepo. La comparación de la escritura a mano de los dos manuscritos muestra que, de hecho, el mismo hombre los escribió a ambos, lo que corrobora y confirma lo que se escribió en la dedicación del Códice de Alepo. Mordecai Glatzer ha conjeturado que el Keter era propiedad personal de la Masorete, que mantuvo durante muchos años, corrigiéndolo minuciosamente y agregando comentarios masoréticos de acuerdo con las directivas de la Masora.

En 958 Hasdai ibn Yitzhak Ibn Shaprut (a / k / a Abu Yūsuf Hasdai ibn Isḥāq ibn Ezra ibn Shaprūt [1]), de Córdoba, cura al Rey Sancho I, Rey de Navarra y León, de su obesidad alterando su dieta y agregando hierbas. Según los historiadores españoles Sancho, ascendí al trono de León en 956 después de la muerte de su padre, pero dos años más tarde fue rechazado por los cortesanos debido a su extrema obesidad y avaricia por la comida; Fue depuesto por los nobles de León y Castilla, dirigido por el conde Fernán González, nombrando al rey Ordoño IV.
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Sancho went to his grandmother, Queen Toda of Pamplona , who asked for help to regain his kingdom. Sancho and Queen Toda made a deal with the Caliph of Córdoba Caliphate of Abd al- Rahman III , to get medical treatment from the Caliph's physician Hasdai ibn Saprut and assistance for the recovery of the throne of Leon, in exchange for a residence on the banks of the Duero River. This provided water-way access from Leon al the way to the Atlantic Ocean outside Oporto, Portugal.

Queen Toda of Pamplona, Sancho I and Teresa Ansúrez (Sancho's wife), traveled to Cordoba. In Cordoba, Hasdai Ibn Shaprut cured Sancho of his intestinal problems only allowing him to drink herbal teas for forty days. Then, in accordance with the agreement signed by Sancho and the Caliph, an army of Navarrese-Muslim takes Zamora in 959, and Leon in 956, to restore to Sancho I as king.
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Sancho fue a ver a su abuela, la reina Toda de Pamplona, quien le pidió ayuda para recuperar su reino. Sancho y la Reina Toda hicieron un trato con el Califa de Córdoba Califato de Abd al-Rahman III, para obtener tratamiento médico del médico del Califa Hasdai ibn Saprut y asistencia para la recuperación del trono de León, a cambio de una residencia en los bancos. del río Duero. Esto proporcionó acceso por vía fluvial desde León hasta el Océano Atlántico a las afueras de Oporto, Portugal.

La reina Toda de Pamplona, Sancho I y Teresa Ansúrez (esposa de Sancho), viajaron a Córdoba. En Córdoba, Hasdai Ibn Shaprut curó a Sancho de sus problemas intestinales y solo le permitió tomar infusiones durante cuarenta días. Luego, de acuerdo con el acuerdo firmado por Sancho y el Califa, un ejército de musulmanes navarros toma a Zamora en 959 y a León en 956 para restaurar a Sancho I como rey.
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1. EJ, Vol 8, p 533; Millas Vallicrosa, Literatura, pp 27, 39; Saenz-Badillos, Doccionario, pp 50-51.

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jueves, 17 de octubre de 2019

Nathan HaBabli' ben Abu Ishaq Avraham Nasi, 2nd. Exilarca Mar Uqba HaRofeh, Qadi al-Qayraw ben Abu Ishaq Avraham, Exilarch 'Mar Uqba HaRofeh', Qadi al-Qayrawānī ✡ Ref: AG-654 |•••► #Irak #Genealogia #Genealogy

____________________________________________________________________________
30 ° Bisabuelo de: Carlos Juan Felipe Antonio Vicente De La Cruz Urdaneta Alamo
____________________________________________________________________________

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'Nathan HaBabli' ben Abu Ishaq Avraham Nasi, 2nd. Exilarca Mar Uqba HaRofeh, Qadi al-Qayraw ben Abu Ishaq Avraham, Exilarch 'Mar Uqba HaRofeh', Qadi al-Qayrawānī is your 30th great grandfather.You→ Carlos Juan Felipe Antonio Vicente De La Cruz Urdaneta Alamo→ Enrique Jorge Urdaneta Lecuna
your father → Carlos Urdaneta Carrillo
his father → Enrique Urdaneta Maya, Dr.
his father → Josefa Alcira Maya de la Torre y Rodríguez
his mother → Vicenta Rodríguez Uzcátegui
her mother → María Celsa Uzcátegui Rincón
her mother → Sancho Antonio de Uzcátegui Briceño
her father → Jacobo de Uzcátegui Bohorques
his father → Luisa Jimeno de Bohorques Dávila
his mother → Juan Jimeno de Bohórquez
her father → Luisa Velásquez de Velasco
his mother → Juan Velásquez de Velasco y Montalvo, Gobernador de La Grita
her father → Ortún Velázquez de Velasco
his father → María Enríquez de Acuña
his mother → Inés Enríquez y Quiñones
her mother → Fadrique Enríquez de Mendoza, 2º Almirante Mayor de Castilla, Conde de Melgar y Rueda
her father → Alonso Enríquez de Castilla, 1er. Almirante Mayor de Castilla, Señor de Medina de Rio Seco
his father → Yonati bat Gedaliah, Paloma
his mother → Gedalia Shlomo ibn ben Shlomo ibn Yaḥyā haZaken
her father → Shlomo ben Yahya ibn Yahya
his father → Yosef ibn Yahya HaZaken
his father → Don Yehuda ibn Yahya ibn Ya'ish
his father → Don Yahya "el Negro"
his father → Yehudah "Ya'ish" ben Yahuda ibn ben Yahudah ibn Yaḥyā, senhor de Aldeia dos Negros
his father → Hayy "Hiyya" ibn Ya'ish ibn Ya'ish ben ben David al-Daudi, HaNasi
his father → David "Ya'ish" ibn Hiyya
his father → Yehudah Hayy "Yahya" ben Hiyya, Nasi, Ra'is b'Rabbanan al-Tulaytula
his father → Ṣāʿid al-Andalusī "Hiyya al-Daudi", Qaḍī of Cordoba & Toledo
his father → Abu Suleiman David ibn Yaʿīs̲h̲ ben Yehuda Ibn Ya Ish ben Zakai II ben Zakai II, Nasi, Qāḍī, haDayyan of Toledo
his father → Yehudah "Zakhai" Natan ben Avraham al-Andalusi Nasi, Qadi de Sidonia ben Avraham al-Andalusī, Nasi, Qaḍī of Sidonia
his father → Abu Isḥāq Ibrahim Sahl (abu Ishaq Ibrahim ibn al-Nag'hdilah ibn Ata al-Yahudi, haRoffeh) Exilarch, Rosh Golah of Judah ibn al-Nag'hdīlah ibn Ata al-yahūdī, haRoffe al-Galut 'Mar Sahl'
his father → 'Nathan HaBabli' ben Abu Ishaq Avraham Nasi, 2nd. Exilarca Mar Uqba HaRofeh, Qadi al-Qayraw ben Abu Ishaq Avraham, Exilarch 'Mar Uqba HaRofeh', Qadi al-Qayrawānī
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'Nathan HaBabli' ben Abu Ishaq Avraham Nasi, 2nd. Exilarca Mar Uqba HaRofeh, Qadi al-Qayraw ben Abu Ishaq Avraham, Exilarch 'Mar Uqba HaRofeh', Qadi al-Qayrawānī MP
Gender: Male
Birth: circa 940
Baghdad, Baghdād, Iraq
Death: circa 1049 (101-117)
Ramla, Israel
Immediate Family:
Son of David Avraham ben Hazub, Exilarch 'Rab David II', haSofer b'Pumbeditha and unknown
Husband of ??? bat Mevorakh ben Eli
Father of Abu Isḥāq Ibrahim Sahl (abu Ishaq Ibrahim ibn al-Nag'hdilah ibn Ata al-Yahudi, haRoffeh) Exilarch, Rosh Golah of Judah ibn al-Nag'hdīlah ibn Ata al-yahūdī, haRoffe al-Galut 'Mar Sahl'; Abu ’l-Hasan ʿAlī ben al-Sh̲aybānī al-Kātib al-Mag̲h̲ribī al-Qayrawānī Ibn Abi ’l-Rid̲j̲āl and ʿAbd Allāh ben Muḥammad al-Manṣūriyya
Brother of Yehuda "Zakai" ben David, 29th Exilarch 'Judah II'
Added by: Alex Ronald Keith Paz on June 14, 2008
Managed by: Alex Ronald Keith Paz and 9 others
Curated by: Jaim David Harlow, J2b2a1a1a1b3c
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Nathan Ha-Bavli has been an enigmatic figure - but I think I have narrowed down to EXACTLY who is Nathan Ha-Bavli. Here is a short description of previous attempts to identify Nathan Ha-Bavli:

Since Nathan b. Jehiel of Rome, the author of the "'Aruk," is quoted in Zacuto's "Yuḥasin" (ed. Filipowski, p. 174, London, 1856) as "Nathan ha-Babli of Narbonne," Grätz ("Gesch." 3d ed., v. 288, 469-471) mistook the latter for Nathan ben Isaac ha-Kohen ha-Babli and ascribed to him an "'Aruk" similar to that written by Nathan b. Jehiel.

Grätz even went so faras to identify Nathan ben Isaac with the fourth of the four prisoners captured by Ibn Rumaḥis (see Ḥushiel ben Elhanan), assuming that he settled afterward at Narbonne. In fact, Grätz was very close, as Nathan was the Exilarch who sat in the seat of Gaon of Corboba until 'Rab Moshe ben Hanoch' arrived...it was Nathan (in his role as 'Mar Uqba haRofe') who turned over the Academy to a premier Rosh Golah who was expert in the Babylonian traditions of jurisprudence, exegesis, Talmudic study and Halacha. My research leads me to believe that Nathan was a schemer who helped orchestrate the "4 hostages" scenario in order to salvage the best sages of Babylon as those Academies waned - while he himself was one of those auctioned.

Nathan ha-Bavlī - the 4th Prisoner of ibn Rumaḥis

Nathan ben Isaac ha-Kohen ha-Bavli is the otherwise unknown author of a brief but very important historical text concerning the Babylonian academies and the exilarchate. The work, entitled Akhbār Baghdād (A Chronicle of Baghdad), was apparently written in Judeo-Arabic in North Africa in the mid-tenth century, but the sobriquet ha-Bavli indicates that Nathan came from Babylonia (Iraq). His account has been preserved in an undated Hebrew translation published by A. Neubauer. Fragments of the Judeo-Arabic original found in the Cairo Geniza were subsequently published by I. Friedlander and M. Ben-Sasson.

Akhbār Baghdād is organized in two sections. The first gives a detailed history of two major controversies involving factions of the Iraqi leadership: a fiscal dispute between the gaon of Pumbedita and the exilarch ‘Uqba [himself], which resulted in the latter’s exile from Baghdad (an event unknown from other sources but tentatively dated to the early tenth century), and the well-known rift between Sa‘adya Gaon and ‘Uqba’s apparent successor, the exilarch David ben Zakkay. The second section is a generic account of the functions and prerogatives of the exilarchate and the academies, including an elaborate description of the exilarch’s investiture (which stresses the royal trappings of the office), and a rare description of the daily routine of the gaonic academies during the kalla months (when all the students were in attendance).

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Nathan Ha-Bavli ha sido una figura enigmática, pero creo que me he reducido a EXACTAMENTE quién es Nathan Ha-Bavli. Aquí hay una breve descripción de los intentos anteriores para identificar a Nathan Ha-Bavli:

Desde Nathan b. Jehiel de Roma, el autor de "'Aruk", es citado en "Yuḥasin" de Zacuto (ed. Filipowski, p. 174, Londres, 1856) como "Nathan ha-Babli de Narbonne", Grätz ("Gesch". 3d ed., v. 288, 469-471) confundió este último con Nathan ben Isaac ha-Kohen ha-Babli y le atribuyó un "'Aruk" similar al escrito por Nathan b. Jehiel

Grätz llegó incluso a identificar a Nathan ben Isaac con el cuarto de los cuatro prisioneros capturados por Ibn Rumaḥis (ver Ḥushiel ben Elhanan), suponiendo que se estableció después en Narbonne. De hecho, Grätz estaba muy cerca, ya que Nathan era el Exilarch que se sentó en el asiento de Gaon de Corboba hasta que llegó 'Rab Moshe ben Hanoch' ... fue Nathan (en su papel de 'Mar Uqba haRofe') quien se entregó la Academia a un primer ministro Rosh Golah, experto en las tradiciones de jurisprudencia, exégesis, estudio talmúdico y halajá de Babilonia. Mi investigación me lleva a creer que Nathan fue un intrigante que ayudó a orquestar el escenario de los "4 rehenes" con el fin de salvar a los mejores sabios de Babilonia a medida que esas Academias disminuían, mientras que él mismo era uno de los subastados.

Nathan ha-Bavlī - el 4to prisionero de ibn Rumaḥis

Nathan ben Isaac ha-Kohen ha-Bavli es el autor desconocido de un texto histórico breve pero muy importante sobre las academias babilónicas y el exilarcado. La obra, titulada Akhbār Baghdād (Una crónica de Bagdad), aparentemente fue escrita en judeoárabe en el norte de África a mediados del siglo X, pero el apodo ha-Bavli indica que Nathan vino de Babilonia (Iraq). Su relato se ha conservado en una traducción hebrea sin fecha publicada por A. Neubauer. Posteriormente, I. Friedlander y M. Ben-Sasson publicaron fragmentos del original judeoárabe encontrado en El Cairo Geniza.

Akhbār Baghdād está organizado en dos secciones. El primero da una historia detallada de dos controversias importantes que involucran a facciones de la dirección iraquí: una disputa fiscal entre el gaon de Pumbedita y el exilarch 'Uqba [mismo], que resultó en el exilio de Bagdad (un evento desconocido de otras fuentes pero datada tentativamente a principios del siglo X), y la conocida grieta entre Sa'adya Gaon y el aparente sucesor de 'Uqba, el exilarch David ben Zakkay. La segunda sección es un recuento genérico de las funciones y prerrogativas del exilarcado y las academias, que incluye una descripción elaborada de la investidura del exilarco (que enfatiza los adornos reales de la oficina), y una descripción rara de la rutina diaria de las academias gaónicas. durante los meses de kalla (cuando todos los estudiantes asistieron).
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The opening lines of Akhbār Baghdād state that it recounts “that which [Nathan] partly saw and partly heard,” and at least portions of his account do appear to reflect firsthand experience. Since he has a tendency to generalize on the basis of isolated occurrences, however, his depiction of the Iraqi leadership, while invaluable, must be treated with caution. The suggestion that the known text of Akhbār Baghdād may have been excerpted from a lost longer composition was rejected by Ben-Sasson, who concludes from manuscript and literary evidence that the extant Hebrew version is a freely rendered but essentially faithful translation of the original work in its entirety.

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Las primeras líneas de Akhbār Baghdād afirman que cuenta "lo que [Nathan] vio y escuchó en parte", y al menos partes de su relato parecen reflejar experiencia de primera mano. Sin embargo, dado que tiene una tendencia a generalizar sobre la base de sucesos aislados, su descripción del liderazgo iraquí, aunque invaluable, debe tratarse con precaución. La sugerencia de que el texto conocido de Akhbār Baghdād puede haber sido extraído de una composición más larga perdida fue rechazada por Ben-Sasson, quien concluye a partir de manuscritos y evidencia literaria que la versión hebrea existente es una traducción libremente traducida pero esencialmente fiel de la obra original en en su totalidad
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Eve Krakowski

Bibliography

Ben-Sasson, Menahem. “The Structure, Goals, and Content of the Story of Nathan ha-Babli,” in Culture and Society in Medieval Jewry: Studies Dedicated to the Memory of Haim Hillel Ben-Sasson, ed. M. Ben-Sasson, R. Bonfil, and J. Hacker (Jerusalem: Merkaz Shazar, 1989), pp. 137–196 [Hebrew].

Brody, Robert. The Geonim of Babylonia and the Shaping of Medieval Jewish Culture (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1998), pp. 26–30.

Friedlander, I. “The Arabic Original of the Report of R. Nathan Hababli,” Jewish Quarterly Review, o.s. 17 (1905): 747–761.

Gil, Moshe. Jews in Islamic Countries in the Middle Ages (Leiden: Brill, 2004), pp. 209–217 et passim.

Neubauer, Adolf. Mediaeval Jewish Chronicles and Chronological Notes (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1887–95), vol. 2, pp. 78–88.

Citation Eve Krakowski. " Nathan ha-Bavlī." Encyclopedia of Jews in the Islamic World. Executive Editor Norman A. Stillman. Brill Online , 2013. Reference. Jim Harlow. 16 January 2013

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Details about Nathan Ha-Bavli -----------------------------------------

Physician to Fatimid Caliph in Kairouan; Nathan left Palestine for North Africa in Service of the Fatimids who deposed his father, David and controlled North Africa. In 972 the Fatimids moved their base to Egypt. Around 1011 Nathan traveled from Cordoba to Kairouan to settle the estate of his father, who had died there. While in Africa he studied in Kairouan with Chushiel ben Elchanan; Nathan left Kairouan, revered as a mathematics genius, and went to Fostat where he became more closely aligned with the Karaites.

Nathan's alignment with the Karaites stems from him being exiled to the Maghrib after losing an argument of the distribution of monies to Sura and Pumbeditha academies. Due to his friendly relations with Karaites, he was stripped of his ability to confer titles and rights to members of the community – in fact his name is removed from the list of Exilarchs for having instigated the support of heretics (Karaites) and events which led to the bloodshed in Tyre. His name was stripped and his name is no longer mentioned among the list of Nagidim of Egypt; however, he was the very “first Nagid of Egypt as Physician to the Fatimid Caliph”.

After the death of his maternal uncle, Rav ben Yohai, av bet din of the academy of Erez Israel, Nathan claimed the position - although according to accepted custom it belonged to Tobiah, who ranked third in the academy - at the same time attempting to oust Rabbi Solomon ben Yehuda as Gaon of the academy. In the struggle, Nathan was sponsored by Diaspora scholars, while Solomon ben Yehuda was supported by the local community and also favored by the Fatimid governor of Ramleh.

Nathan lived in Ramleh, attempting to assume the functions of gaon there, while Solomon still held his position in Jerusalem and issued a ban against Nathan. In 1042 both parties agreed that Nathan should succeed Solomon as gaon of the academy after the latter's death. However, when this occurred (before 1051) the office of gaon passed to Daniel ben Azariah. Nothing is known of Nathan's teachings. In one of his letters of 1042 he mentions his son Abraham, whose son Nathan was later av bet din of the academy.

He was Gaon of Yeshivat Eretz Ha-Tsvi where we remained Av Beit Din until his death around 1048 CE. Insofar as scholarship is concerned, Nathan is credited with an Arabic commnetary on the Mishneh of Yehudah HaNasi the text of which is preserved in Yemenite version of the Mishneh [having been copied by Yahya and Yosef ben David Qafih (Qapach). This writer suspects that Nathan's name is omitted from the list, and his son's names are portrayed in Arabic so as to distance the sons from the misdeeds of Nathan. Nathan has at least one son,

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Médico del califa fatimí en Kairuán; Nathan dejó Palestina para ir al norte de África al servicio de los fatimíes que depusieron a su padre, David, y controlaron el norte de África. En 972 los fatimíes trasladaron su base a Egipto. Alrededor de 1011, Natán viajó desde Córdoba a Kairuán para establecer la propiedad de su padre, que había muerto allí. Mientras estuvo en África estudió en Kairouan con Chushiel ben Elchanan; Nathan dejó Kairouan, venerado como un genio de las matemáticas, y fue a Fostat donde se alineó más estrechamente con los caraítas.

La alineación de Nathan con los caraítas se debe a que fue exiliado al Magreb después de perder una discusión sobre la distribución de dinero a las academias Sura y Pumbeditha. Debido a sus relaciones amistosas con Karaites, fue despojado de su capacidad para conferir títulos y derechos a los miembros de la comunidad; de hecho, su nombre se elimina de la lista de Exilarchs por haber instigado el apoyo de los herejes (Karaites) y los eventos que llevaron al derramamiento de sangre en Tiro. Su nombre fue despojado y su nombre ya no se menciona entre la lista de Nagidim de Egipto; sin embargo, fue el "primer Nagid de Egipto como médico del califa fatimí".

Después de la muerte de su tío materno, Rav ben Yohai, quien apostó en la academia de Erez Israel, Nathan reclamó el puesto, aunque según la costumbre aceptada, pertenecía a Tobiah, que ocupaba el tercer lugar en la academia, al mismo tiempo que intentaba Expulsar al rabino Solomon ben Yehuda como Gaon de la academia. En la lucha, Nathan fue patrocinado por eruditos de la diáspora, mientras que Solomon ben Yehuda fue apoyado por la comunidad local y también favorecido por el gobernador fatimí de Ramleh.

Nathan vivía en Ramleh, intentando asumir las funciones de gaon allí, mientras Salomón aún mantenía su posición en Jerusalén y prohibió a Nathan. En 1042, ambas partes acordaron que Nathan debería suceder a Salomón como gaon de la academia después de la muerte de este último. Sin embargo, cuando esto ocurrió (antes de 1051) el oficio de gaon pasó a Daniel ben Azariah. No se sabe nada de las enseñanzas de Nathan. En una de sus cartas de 1042 menciona a su hijo Abraham, cuyo hijo Nathan fue más tarde defensor de la academia.

Fue Gaon de Yeshivat Eretz Ha-Tsvi donde permanecimos en Av Beit Din hasta su muerte alrededor de 1048 CE. En lo que respecta a la erudición, a Nathan se le atribuye un comité árabe en la Mishneh de Yehudah HaNasi, cuyo texto se conserva en la versión yemenita de la Mishneh [que fue copiada por Yahya y Yosef ben David Qafih (Qapach). Este escritor sospecha que el nombre de Nathan se omite de la lista, y los nombres de su hijo están representados en árabe para distanciar a los hijos de las fechorías de Nathan. Nathan tiene al menos un hijo,
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Nathan ben Abraham was a/k/a Abū Sahl Nathan ben Abraham ben Saul, a member of a gaonic family on his mother’s side, was born in Palestine in the last quarter of the tenth century. He went to Qayrawan around 1011 in connection with an inheritance left by his father, but remained there to study under Ḥushiel ben Ḥananel. In Qayrawan, and later in Fustat, he engaged in commerce and made many important friends. His wife was the daughter of Mevorakh ben Eli, one of Fustat’s wealthier citizens. Around age forty, he returned to Palestine, where he was warmly received by the gaon, Solomon ben Judah. Nathan demanded to be appointed av bet din (president of the court), the number-two position in the yeshiva, a post held by his recently deceased uncle. The rightful heir to the post was Tuvia, the “third” in the yeshiva, but he relinquished his claim in Nathan’s favor in order to preserve harmony, despite the gaon’s displeasure with this breach of tradition.

This incident marked the eruption of a rivalry involving the descendants of the three families that had valid claims to the Palestinian gaonate, with Joseph and Elijah ha-Kohen, the sons of Solomon ha-Kohen—Solomon ben Judah’s predecessor in the gaonate—also joining the fray. There was already some bitterness toward Solomon ben Judah, and questions had been raised about his integrity, especially with respect to appointments he had made. As a result, Nathan ben Abraham’s supporters declared him gaon in place of Solomon ben Judah.

Serious dissension broke out in Tishre 1038 during the Hoshana Rabba ceremony on the Mount of Olives and at the assembly in the great synagogue of Ramle, where each faction sat on a different side and declared its leader gaon. By the summer of 1039, the Jewish communities along the Mediterranean littoral were in a state of turmoil. Jerusalem, Ramle, Fustat, Qayrawan, and undoubtedly many other communities were torn into factions. In Fustat, verbal disputes led to physical assaults, and the Fatimid police closed the Jerusalemite synagogue for two years. The two sides vied for the support of the Fatimid government, and finally, after the conflict had dragged on for more than four years, government intervention brought it to an end.

On Hoshana Rabba 1042, the two sides arrived at an agreement stipulating that Solomon ben Judah would continue as gaon and Nathan ben Abraham would be the av bet din, but under the strict supervision of the sons of the late gaon Solomon ha-Kohen, the “fourth” and “fifth” in the yeshiva. Tuvia ben Daniel continued as “third.” The agreement was signed by all the members of the yeshiva, as well as the Karaite nesi’im, who had sided with Nathan ben Abraham. Although Nathan became av bet din, he died three years later and never became gaon, whereas Solomon ben Judah continued to occupy the post for many years to come.
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Nathan ben Abraham era un / k / a Abū Sahl Nathan ben Abraham ben Saul, miembro de una familia gaónica del lado de su madre, nació en Palestina en el último cuarto del siglo X. Fue a Qayrawan alrededor de 1011 en relación con una herencia dejada por su padre, pero permaneció allí para estudiar con Ḥushiel ben Ḥananel. En Qayrawan, y más tarde en Fustat, se dedicó al comercio e hizo muchos amigos importantes. Su esposa era hija de Mevorakh ben Eli, uno de los ciudadanos más ricos de Fustat. Alrededor de los cuarenta años, regresó a Palestina, donde fue recibido calurosamente por el gaon, Solomon ben Judah. Nathan exigió ser nombrado av bet din (presidente de la corte), el puesto número dos en la yeshiva, un puesto ocupado por su tío recientemente fallecido. El heredero legítimo del cargo fue Tuvia, el "tercero" en la yeshiva, pero renunció a su reclamo a favor de Nathan para preservar la armonía, a pesar del descontento del gaon con esta violación de la tradición.

Este incidente marcó la erupción de una rivalidad que involucraba a los descendientes de las tres familias que tenían reclamos válidos para el gaonato palestino, con Joseph y Elijah ha-Kohen, los hijos de Salomón ha-Kohen, el predecesor de Solomon ben Judah en el gaonato, también se unieron la refriega. Ya había cierta amargura hacia Solomon ben Judah, y se habían planteado preguntas sobre su integridad, especialmente con respecto a las citas que había hecho. Como resultado, los partidarios de Nathan ben Abraham lo declararon gaon en lugar de Solomon ben Judah.

Se produjo una gran disensión en Tishre 1038 durante la ceremonia de Hoshana Rabba en el Monte de los Olivos y en la asamblea en la gran sinagoga de Ramle, donde cada facción se sentó en un lado diferente y declaró que su líder era gaon. Para el verano de 1039, las comunidades judías a lo largo del litoral mediterráneo estaban en un estado de agitación. Jerusalén, Ramle, Fustat, Qayrawan y, sin duda, muchas otras comunidades fueron divididas en facciones. En Fustat, las disputas verbales condujeron a agresiones físicas, y la policía fatimí cerró la sinagoga de Jerusalén por dos años. Las dos partes compitieron por el apoyo del gobierno fatimí y, finalmente, después de que el conflicto se prolongó durante más de cuatro años, la intervención gubernamental lo puso fin.

En Hoshana Rabba 1042, las dos partes llegaron a un acuerdo que estipulaba que Solomon ben Judah continuaría como gaon y Nathan ben Abraham sería el mejor jugador, pero bajo la estricta supervisión de los hijos del difunto gaon Solomon ha-Kohen, el "Cuarto" y "quinto" en la yeshiva. Tuvia ben Daniel continuó como "tercero". El acuerdo fue firmado por todos los miembros de la yeshiva, así como por los Karaite nesi’im, que se habían puesto del lado de Nathan ben Abraham. Aunque Nathan se convirtió en un apostador, murió tres años después y nunca se convirtió en gaon, mientras que Solomon ben Judah continuó ocupando el puesto durante muchos años.
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1) Abu Isḥāq Ibrahim ibn al-Nag'hdīlah ibn Aṭā al-yahūdī '(Abraham Nagid born Kairouan abt 975)

1 “A history of Palestine, 634-1099, Volume 1” by Moshe Gil, CUP Archive, 1992 ISBN0521404371, 9780521404372

2. “Jews in Islamic countries in the Middle Ages” by Moshe Gil & David Strassler Translated byDavid Strassler, BRILL, ISBN900413882X, 9789004138827

3. Fragments from the Cairo Genizah in the Freer Collection (1927), 197-201

4. S. Assaf and L.A. Mayer, Sefer ha-Yishuv, 2 (1944), index; Shapira, in: Yerushalayim, 4 (1953), 118-22

5. “Egyptian Fragments. תולגמ, Scrolls Analogous to That of Purim, with an Appendix on the First םידיגנ” Author(s): A. Neubauer Source: The Jewish Quarterly Review, Vol. 8, No. 4 (Jul., 1896), pp. 541-561 Published by: University of Pennsylvania Press

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Historical note: The origin of the title of 'Nagid' in Egypt is obscure. Sambari and David ibn Abi Zimra (Frumkin, "Eben Shemuel," p. 18) connect it directly with a daughter of the Abbassid calif Al-Ṭa'i (974-991), who married the Egyptian calif 'Aḍud al-Daulah (977-982). But 'Aḍud was a Buwahid emir of Bagdad under Al-Muktafi; and, according to Ibn al-Athir ("Chronicles," viii. 521), it was 'Aḍud's daughter who married Al-Ṭa'i. Nor does Sambari give the name of the nagid sent from Bagdad. On the other hand, the Ahimaaz Chronicle gives to the Paltiel, who was brought by Al-Mu'izz to Egypt in 952, the title of "nagid" (al-Mu'izz lived from 932 until 975) (125, 26; 129, 9; 130, 4); and it is possible that the title originated with him, though the accounts about the general Jauhar may popularly have been transferred to him. If this be so, he was followed by his son, R. Samuel (Ahimaaz Chronicle, 130, 8), whose benefactions, especially to the Jews in the Holy Land, are noticed.

This must be the Samuel mentioned as head of the Jews many hundred years previous by Samuel ben David, and claimed as a Karaite. The claim is also made by Firkovitch, and his date is set at 1063. He is said to have obtained permission for the Jews to go about at night in the public streets, provided they had lanterns, and to purchase a burial-ground instead of burying their dead in their own courtyards (G. pp. 7, 61). The deed of conveyance of the Rabbinite synagogue at Fostat (1038), already referred to, mentions Abu Imran Musa ibn Ya'ḳub ibn Isḥaḳ al-Isra'ili as the nagid of that time. The next nagid mentioned is the physician Judah ben Josiah, a Davidite of Damascus, also in the eleventh century (S. 116, 20; 133, 10); a poem in honor of his acceptance of the office has been preserved (J. Q. R. viii. 566, ix. 360).

Nagid's authority at times, when Syria was a part of the Egyptian-Mohammedan empire, extended over Palestine; according to the Ahimaaz Chronicle (130, 5), even to the Mediterranean littoral on the west. In one document ("Kaufmann Gedenkbuch," p. 236) the word is used as synonymous with "padishah." The date is 1209; but the term may refer to the non-Jewish overlord. In Arabic works he is called "ra'is al-Yahud" (R. E. J. xxx. 9); though his connection with the "shaikh al-Yahud," mentioned in many documents, is not clear. Meshullam of Volterra says expressly that his jurisdiction extended over Karaites and Samaritans also; and this is confirmed by the official title of the nagid in the instrument of conveyance of the Fostat synagogue.

At times he had an official vice-nagid. To assist him he had a bet din of three persons (S. 133, 21)—though Meshullam mentions four judges and two scribes, and the number was at times increased even to seven—and there was a special prison over which he presided (M. V. p. 186). He had full power in civil and criminal affairs, and could impose fines and imprisonment at will (David ibn Abi Zimra, Responsa, ii., No. 622; M. V. ib.; O. p. 17). He appointed rabbis; and the congregation paid his salary, in addition to which he received certain fees. His special duties were to collect the taxes and to watch over the restrictions placed upon the further construction of synagogues (Shihab al-Din's "Ta'rif," cited in R. E. J. xxx. 10). Even theological questions regarding a pseudo-Messiah, for example—were referred to him (J. Q. R. v. 506, x. 140).

On Sabbath he was escorted in great pomp from his home to the synagogue, and brought back with similar ceremony in the afternoon (S. 116, 8). On Simḥat Torah he had to read the Pentateuch lesson and to translate it into Aramaic and Arabic. Upon his appointment by the calif his installation was effected with much pomp: runners went before him; and the royal proclamation was solemnly read (see E. N. Adler in J. Q. R. ix. 717).

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Nota histórica: El origen del título de 'Nagid' en Egipto es oscuro. Sambari y David ibn Abi Zimra (Frumkin, "Eben Shemuel", p. 18) lo relacionan directamente con una hija del califa abasí Al-Ṭa'i (974-991), quien se casó con el calif egipcio 'Aḍud al-Daulah ( 977-982). Pero 'Aḍud era un emir Buwahid de Bagdad bajo Al-Muktafi; y, según Ibn al-Athir ("Crónicas", viii. 521), fue la hija de 'Aḍud quien se casó con Al-Ṭa'i. Tampoco Sambari da el nombre del nagid enviado desde Bagdad. Por otro lado, la Crónica Ahimaaz le da al Paltiel, quien fue llevado por Al-Mu'izz a Egipto en 952, el título de "nagid" (al-Mu'izz vivió desde 932 hasta 975) (125, 26; 129, 9; 130, 4); y es posible que el título se haya originado con él, aunque las cuentas sobre el general Jauhar pueden haber sido transferidas popularmente a él. Si esto es así, fue seguido por su hijo, R. Samuel (Ahimaaz Chronicle, 130, 8), cuyas bondades, especialmente a los judíos en Tierra Santa, se notan.

Este debe ser el Samuel mencionado como cabeza de los judíos muchos cientos de años antes por Samuel ben David, y reclamado como Karaita. Firkovitch también hace el reclamo, y su fecha se establece en 1063. Se dice que obtuvo permiso para que los judíos se desplazaran por la noche en las calles públicas, siempre que tuvieran linternas y compraran un cementerio en lugar de enterrando a sus muertos en sus propios patios (G. pp. 7, 61). La escritura de transporte de la sinagoga rabinita en Fostat (1038), ya mencionada, menciona a Abu Imran Musa ibn Ya'ḳub ibn Isḥaḳ al-Isra'ili como el nagid de esa época. La siguiente nágida mencionada es el médico Judá ben Josías, un Davidita de Damasco, también en el siglo XI (S. 116, 20; 133, 10); se ha conservado un poema en honor a su aceptación del cargo (J. Q. R. viii. 566, ix. 360).

La autoridad de Nagid a veces, cuando Siria era parte del imperio egipcio-mahometano, se extendía sobre Palestina; según la Crónica de Ahimaaz (130, 5), incluso al litoral mediterráneo en el oeste. En un documento ("Kaufmann Gedenkbuch," p. 236) la palabra se usa como sinónimo de "padishah". La fecha es 1209; pero el término puede referirse al señor supremo no judío. En las obras árabes se le llama "ra'is al-Yahud" (R. E. J. xxx. 9); aunque su conexión con el "shaikh al-Yahud", mencionado en muchos documentos, no está clara. Meshullam de Volterra dice expresamente que su jurisdicción se extendió sobre Karaitas y Samaritanos también; y esto lo confirma el título oficial de la nágida en el instrumento de transporte de la sinagoga Fostat.

A veces tenía un vice-nagid oficial. Para ayudarlo, tenía una apuesta de tres personas (S. 133, 21), aunque Meshullam menciona cuatro jueces y dos escribas, y el número a veces aumentó incluso a siete, y había una prisión especial sobre la cual él presidió ( MV pág. 186). Tenía pleno poder en asuntos civiles y penales, y podía imponer multas y encarcelamiento a voluntad (David ibn Abi Zimra, Responsa, ii., No. 622; M. V. ib .; O. p. 17). El nombró rabinos; y la congregación pagó su salario, además del cual recibió ciertos honorarios. Sus deberes especiales eran recaudar los impuestos y vigilar las restricciones impuestas a la construcción adicional de sinagogas ("Ta'rif" de Shihab al-Din, citado en R. E. J. xxx. 10). Incluso las preguntas teológicas con respecto a un pseudo-Mesías, por ejemplo, fueron remitidas a él (J. Q. R. v. 506, x. 140).

El sábado fue escoltado en gran pompa desde su casa hasta la sinagoga, y lo llevaron de vuelta con una ceremonia similar por la tarde (S. 116, 8). En Simḥat Torah tuvo que leer la lección del Pentateuco y traducirla al arameo y al árabe. Tras su nombramiento por el califa, su instalación se vio afectada con mucha pompa: los corredores fueron antes que él; y la proclamación real fue leída solemnemente (véase E. N. Adler en J. Q. R. ix. 717).
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Abu Isḥāq Ibrahim Sahl (abu Ishaq Ibrahim ibn al-Nag'hdilah ibn Ata al-Yahudi, haRoffeh) Exilarch, Rosh Golah of Judah ibn al-Nag'hdīlah ibn Ata al-yahūdī, haRoffe al-Galut 'Mar Sahl' ✡★Bisabuelo n°29★ Ref: N -965 |•••► #Tunisia 🇹🇳 #Genealogía #Genealogy

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29 ° Bisabuelo de: Carlos Juan Felipe Antonio Vicente De La Cruz Urdaneta Alamo
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(Linea Paterna)
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Abu Isḥāq Ibrahim Sahl (abu Ishaq Ibrahim ibn al-Nag'hdilah ibn Ata al-Yahudi, haRoffeh) Exilarch, Rosh Golah of Judah ibn al-Nag'hdīlah ibn Ata al-yahūdī, haRoffe al-Galut 'Mar Sahl' is your 29th great grandfather.You→ Carlos Juan Felipe Antonio Vicente De La Cruz Urdaneta Alamo→ Enrique Jorge Urdaneta Lecuna
your father → Carlos Urdaneta Carrillo
his father → Enrique Urdaneta Maya, Dr.
his father → Josefa Alcira Maya de la Torre y Rodríguez
his mother → Vicenta Rodríguez Uzcátegui
her mother → María Celsa Uzcátegui Rincón
her mother → Sancho Antonio de Uzcátegui Briceño
her father → Jacobo de Uzcátegui Bohorques
his father → Luisa Jimeno de Bohorques Dávila
his mother → Juan Jimeno de Bohórquez
her father → Luisa Velásquez de Velasco
his mother → Juan Velásquez de Velasco y Montalvo, Gobernador de La Grita
her father → Ortún Velázquez de Velasco
his father → María Enríquez de Acuña
his mother → Inés Enríquez y Quiñones
her mother → Fadrique Enríquez de Mendoza, 2º Almirante Mayor de Castilla, Conde de Melgar y Rueda
her father → Alonso Enríquez de Castilla, 1er. Almirante Mayor de Castilla, Señor de Medina de Rio Seco
his father → Yonati bat Gedaliah, Paloma
his mother → Gedalia Shlomo ibn ben Shlomo ibn Yaḥyā haZaken
her father → Shlomo ben Yahya ibn Yahya
his father → Yosef ibn Yahya HaZaken
his father → Don Yehuda ibn Yahya ibn Ya'ish
his father → Don Yahya "el Negro"
his father → Yehudah "Ya'ish" ben Yahuda ibn ben Yahudah ibn Yaḥyā, senhor de Aldeia dos Negros
his father → Hayy "Hiyya" ibn Ya'ish ibn Ya'ish ben ben David al-Daudi, HaNasi
his father → David "Ya'ish" ibn Hiyya
his father → Yehudah Hayy "Yahya" ben Hiyya, Nasi, Ra'is b'Rabbanan al-Tulaytula
his father → Ṣāʿid al-Andalusī "Hiyya al-Daudi", Qaḍī of Cordoba & Toledo
his father → Abu Suleiman David ibn Yaʿīs̲h̲ ben Yehuda Ibn Ya Ish ben Zakai II ben Zakai II, Nasi, Qāḍī, haDayyan of Toledo
his father → Yehudah "Zakhai" Natan ben Avraham al-Andalusi Nasi, Qadi de Sidonia ben Avraham al-Andalusī, Nasi, Qaḍī of Sidonia
his father → Abu Isḥāq Ibrahim Sahl (abu Ishaq Ibrahim ibn al-Nag'hdilah ibn Ata al-Yahudi, haRoffeh) Exilarch, Rosh Golah of Judah ibn al-Nag'hdīlah ibn Ata al-yahūdī, haRoffe al-Galut 'Mar Sahl'
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Abu Isḥāq Ibrahim Sahl (abu Ishaq Ibrahim ibn al-Nag'hdilah ibn Ata al-Yahudi, haRoffeh) Exilarch, Rosh Golah of Judah ibn al-Nag'hdīlah ibn Ata al-yahūdī, haRoffe al-Galut 'Mar Sahl' MP
Gender: Male
Birth: circa 965
al-Mahdiyya, Tunisia
Death: 1053 (84-92)
القاهرة, Egypt
Immediate Family:
Son of 'Nathan HaBabli' ben Abu Ishaq Avraham Nasi, 2nd. Exilarca Mar Uqba HaRofeh, Qadi al-Qayraw ben Abu Ishaq Avraham, Exilarch 'Mar Uqba HaRofeh', Qadi al-Qayrawānī and ??? bat Mevorakh ben Eli
Husband of unknown bat David ben Zakkai Ha Nasi de Bavli bat David ben Zakkai HaNasi of Bavli
Father of Abu Musa Levi bar Ishaq ibn Mar Sahl; Abu Yosef Yakob ben Amram ibn Mar Sahl al-Nag'hdīlah; Yehudah "Zakhai" Natan ben Avraham al-Andalusi Nasi, Qadi de Sidonia ben Avraham al-Andalusī, Nasi, Qaḍī of Sidonia; Abu Sahl Nathan ben Abraham, Nasi and Yosef ben 'Amram, haDayyan of Sijilmasa
Brother of Abu ’l-Hasan ʿAlī ben al-Sh̲aybānī al-Kātib al-Mag̲h̲ribī al-Qayrawānī Ibn Abi ’l-Rid̲j̲āl and ʿAbd Allāh ben Muḥammad al-Manṣūriyya
Added by: Alex Ronald Keith Paz on June 14, 2008
Managed by: Jaim David Harlow, J2b2a1a1a1b3c and 8 others
Curated by: Jaim David Harlow, J2b2a1a1a1b3c
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English (default) history
Abū Isḥāq Ibrāhīm Ibn ʿAṭāʾ (Abraham ben Nathan) was leader of Qayrawan Jewry in the first third of the eleventh century. He was a member of a wealthy elite that included the Ben Berekhiah, Tahertī, and Ibn al-Majjānī families. His father, Nathan, may have been a communal official, although this is not clear. He was a major supporter of the academy (bet midrash) in Qayrawan and was also a generous contributor to the Babylonian yeshivot, particularly to the Sura yeshiva, the renewal of which he helped to finance. Ibn ʿAṭāʾ served as court physician to the Zirid amirs Bādis (r. 996–1016) and al-Muʿizz (r. 1016–1062) in al-Mahdiyya.

Due to his access to the ruler, he bore the honorific title rosh kol ha-qehillot (Heb. head of all the congregations). In late 1015, Ibn ʿAṭāʾ received the title of negid ha-gola (Heb. nagid of the exile) from Hay Gaon of the Pumbedita yeshiva. He was the first Diaspora leader to hold this exalted title. According to a letter in the Cairo Geniza (Bodl MS Heb. D 65, f.9), he was on a military campaign with Bādis when word of the title arrived.

Despite his distinguished position at court, Ibn ʿAṭāʾ was publicly insulted while bearing a message from al-Muʿizz to the great Maliki scholar Abū ʿImrān al-Fāsī. The latter became furious when he mistook the Jew for a Muslim because he was not wearing the ghiyār badge. The zealous jurist stained the nagid’s turban on the spot to mark him as a dhimmī and sent him packing. When Ibn ʿAṭāʾ sought redress from the ruler, he was rebuffed and told that this was a lesson “showing the power of Islam and the veneration inspired by Muslim scholars.”

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Abū Isḥāq Ibrāhīm Ibn ʿAṭāʾ (Abraham ben Nathan) fue líder de la comunidad judía de Qayrawan en el primer tercio del siglo XI. Era miembro de una élite rica que incluía a las familias Ben Berekhiah, Tahertī e Ibn al-Majjānī. Su padre, Nathan, puede haber sido un funcionario comunal, aunque esto no está claro. Fue un gran defensor de la academia (apuesta midrash) en Qayrawan y también fue un generoso contribuyente al yeshivot babilónico, particularmente al Sura yeshiva, cuya renovación ayudó a financiar. Ibn ʿAṭāʾ se desempeñó como médico de la corte de los emires Zirid Bādis (r. 996-1016) y al-Muʿizz (r. 1016-1062) en al-Mahdiyya.

Debido a su acceso al gobernante, llevaba el título honorífico de rosh kol ha-qehillot (heb. Jefe de todas las congregaciones). A finales de 1015, Ibn ʿAṭāʾ recibió el título de neg-ha-gola (heb. Nagid del exilio) de Hay Gaon de la yeshiva de Pumbedita. Fue el primer líder de la diáspora en tener este título exaltado. Según una carta en el Cairo Geniza (Bodl MS Heb. D 65, f.9), estaba en una campaña militar con Bādis cuando llegó la noticia del título.

A pesar de su distinguida posición en la corte, Ibn ʿAṭāʾ fue insultado públicamente mientras llevaba un mensaje de al-Muʿizz al gran erudito de Maliki Abū ʿImrān al-Fāsī. Este último se enfureció cuando confundió al judío con un musulmán porque no llevaba la insignia de ghiyār. El jurista celoso manchó el turbante del nagid en el acto para marcarlo como un dhimmī y lo envió a empacar. Cuando Ibn ʿAṭāʾ buscó reparación del gobernante, fue rechazado y le dijeron que esta era una lección "que muestra el poder del Islam y la veneración inspirada por los eruditos musulmanes".
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Ibn ʿAṭāʾ was honored in a number of Hebrew poems by Isaac Ibn Khalfūn and in a panegyric by Hay Gaon himself. Israel ben Samuel ben Hophni dedicated a book on the laws of prayer to Ibn ʿAṭāʾ, and an unknown author dedicated a philosophical treatise on the divine attributes to him. Ibn ʿAṭāʾ died sometime during the 1030s and was succeeded in the office of nagid by Jacob ben Amram.

Avraham ben Nathan Nagid HaGolei was the first Nagid of Kairouan half-brother of Samuel HaNagid. He was a close personal friend of Nehorai ben Nissim (Gaon of Kairouan). He befriended the son of Hasdai ibn Yitzhak Ibn Shaprut (a/k/a Abu Yūsuf Hasdai ibn Isḥāq ibn Ezra ibn Shaprūt[1]); the son's name was Yehuda ben Yosef Hasdai ibn Yitzhak Ibn Shaprut (a/k/a Abu Yehuda Yūsuf ben Hasdia Hasdai ibn Isḥāq ibn Ezra ibn Shaprūt[1]) – a/k/a “Judah ben Joseph”. In the Maghreb, the term nagid first came into use in Ifrīqiya (medieval Tunisia). Goitein believed it was originally an honorific bestowed by the Babylonian geonim upon their supporters in Qayrawan rather than an official title. The first person so styled was Ibrāhīm ibn ʿAṭāʾ, court physician to the Zīrīd amirs. Ibrāhīm’s successor, Jacob ben Amram(fl. 1030s–1050s), was also a courtier of the Zīrīds. Neither of these men officially had the status of raʾīs al-yahūd( head of the Jews), as did later Egyptian nagids; the title was not connected to the institution of the negidate that developed in Egypt.

Judah ben Joseph had a business relationship with the “Regent” of the Zirid-Fatimid Empire based in Kairouan; she was sister of Ma‘ādh Abū Tamīm ibn Badis al-Mu‘izz li Dīn Allāh (932 – 975) (her name was Umm al-'Aziz) – she had a fleet of ships she rented to Judah ben Joseph. This gave Judah ben Joseph a competitive advantage over all other shippers in the Mediterranean Basin – he could get his products transported on ships protected by the Fatmid Army and Navy.

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Ibn ʿAṭāʾ fue honrado en varios poemas hebreos por Isaac Ibn Khalfūn y en un panegírico por el propio Hay Gaon. Israel ben Samuel ben Hophni dedicó un libro sobre las leyes de la oración a Ibn ʿAṭāʾ, y un autor desconocido le dedicó un tratado filosófico sobre los atributos divinos. Ibn ʿAṭāʾ murió en algún momento durante la década de 1030 y Jacob ben Amram le sucedió en el oficio de Nagid.

Avraham ben Nathan Nagid HaGolei fue el primer Nagid de Kairouan medio hermano de Samuel HaNagid. Era un amigo personal cercano de Nehorai ben Nissim (Gaon de Kairouan). Se hizo amigo del hijo de Hasdai ibn Yitzhak Ibn Shaprut (a / k / a Abu Yūsuf Hasdai ibn Isḥāq ibn Ezra ibn Shaprūt [1]); el nombre del hijo era Yehuda ben Yosef Hasdai ibn Yitzhak Ibn Shaprut (a / k / a Abu Yehuda Yūsuf ben Hasdia Hasdai ibn Isḥāq ibn Ezra ibn Shaprūt [1]) - a / k / a “Judah ben Joseph”. En el Magreb, el término nagid se utilizó por primera vez en Ifrīqiya (Túnez medieval). Goitein creía que originalmente era un honorífico otorgado por los geonim babilonios a sus partidarios en Qayrawan en lugar de un título oficial. La primera persona con ese estilo fue Ibrāhīm ibn ʿAṭāʾ, médico de la corte de los emires de Zīrīd. El sucesor de Ibrāhīm, Jacob ben Amram (fl. 1030s-1050s), también fue un cortesano de los Zīrīds. Ninguno de estos hombres tenía oficialmente el estatus de raʾīs al-yahūd (jefe de los judíos), al igual que las nagidas egipcias posteriores; El título no estaba relacionado con la institución de la negociación que se desarrolló en Egipto.

Judah ben Joseph tenía una relación comercial con el "Regente" del Imperio Zirid-Fatimid con sede en Kairouan; ella era hermana de Ma‘ādh Abū Tamīm ibn Badis al-Mu‘izz li Dīn Allāh (932-975) (su nombre era Umm al-'Aziz) - tenía una flota de barcos que alquiló a Judah ben Joseph. Esto le dio a Judah ben Joseph una ventaja competitiva sobre todos los demás cargadores en la cuenca del Mediterráneo: podía transportar sus productos en barcos protegidos por el Ejército y la Armada Fatmid.
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Al-Muʿizz, was the most powerful of the Fāṭimid caliphs, whose armies conquered Egypt and who made the newly founded Al-Qāhirah, or Cairo, his capital in 972–973. He was about 22 years of age when he succeeded his father, al-Mansur, in 953 with the title of al-Muʿizz. His authority was acknowledged over the greater part of the region now comprising Morocco, Algeria, and Tunisia, and he soon took the island of Sicily.

Al-Muʻizz was renowned for his tolerance of other religions, and was popular among his Jewish and Christian subjects. He is also credited for having commissioned the invention of the first fountain pen. In 953, al-Muizz demanded a pen which would not stain his hands or clothes, and was provided with a pen which held ink in a reservoir. As recorded by Qadi al-Nu'man al-Tamimi (d. 974) in his Kitdb al-Majalis wa 'l-musayardt, al-Mu’izz commissioned the construction of the pen instructing:[2]

‘We wish to construct a pen which can be used for writing without having recourse to an ink-holder and whose ink will be contained inside it. A person can fill it with ink and write whatever he likes. The writer can put it in his sleeve or anywhere he wishes and it will not stain nor will any drop of ink leak out of it. The ink will flow only when there is an intention to write. We are unaware of anyone previously ever constructing (a pen such as this) and an indication of ‘penetrating wisdom’ to whoever contemplates it and realises its exact significance and purpose’. I exclaimed, ‘Is this possible?’ He replied, ‘It is possible if God so wills’.

Nehorai ben Nissim, the son of Nissim ben Jacob in Fostat, was a close business partner with Abu l'Qasim Abd al-Rahman – son of the Caliph of Cordoba. Avraham ben Nathan was not as flamboyant as his older half-brother nor as brilliant. Due to his mis-steps, his history is sparse and fragmentary.

Samuel ben Hofni was the Gaon of Sura, his son after him wrote a book concerning the laws of prayer for “ourt lord and master Nathan, head of the communities and referes to Abraham as “the Banner of the faith and the crown of the nation”.

Avraham played a central role in in organizing the flow of money from Kairouan to the Yeshivot of the East. In order to transfer monies he maintained close contact with the Maghribis who had settled in Fostat (Yakob ibn 'Awkal, his son Yosef ibn 'Awkal, and Abu l'Chayr Musa ben Barhun a/k/a Moshe ben Abraham).

Hai ben Sherira Gaon wrote a poem in honor of Avraham referring to him as “the Nagid of the Nation and head of its sedarim and Master and Minister of all the Jews”.
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Al-Muʿizz, fue el más poderoso de los califas Fāṭimid, cuyos ejércitos conquistaron Egipto y que hicieron de la recién fundada Al-Qāhirah, o El Cairo, su capital en 972–973. Tenía unos 22 años cuando sucedió a su padre, al-Mansur, en 953 con el título de al-Muʿizz. Su autoridad fue reconocida en la mayor parte de la región que ahora comprende Marruecos, Argelia y Túnez, y pronto tomó la isla de Sicilia.

Al-Muʻizz era conocido por su tolerancia a otras religiones, y era popular entre sus súbditos judíos y cristianos. También se le atribuye haber encargado la invención de la primera pluma estilográfica. En 953, al-Muizz exigió un bolígrafo que no manchara sus manos o ropa, y se le proporcionó un bolígrafo que contenía tinta en un depósito. Según lo registrado por Qadi al-Nu'man al-Tamimi (muerto en 974) en su Kitdb al-Majalis wa 'l-musayardt, al-Mu’izz encargó la construcción de la pluma instruyendo: [2]

‘Deseamos construir un bolígrafo que pueda usarse para escribir sin tener que recurrir a un titular de tinta y cuya tinta estará contenida dentro de él. Una persona puede llenarlo con tinta y escribir lo que quiera. El escritor puede ponerlo en su manga o en cualquier lugar que desee y no se manchará ni se le escapará una gota de tinta. La tinta fluirá solo cuando haya una intención de escribir. No conocemos a nadie que haya construido anteriormente (un bolígrafo como este) y una indicación de "sabiduría penetrante" para quien lo contemple y se dé cuenta de su significado y propósito exactos. Exclamé: "¿Es esto posible?" Él respondió: "Es posible si Dios así lo quiere".

Nehorai ben Nissim, hijo de Nissim ben Jacob en Fostat, era un socio comercial cercano con Abu l'Qasim Abd al-Rahman, hijo del califa de Córdoba. Abraham Ben Nathan no era tan extravagante como su medio hermano mayor ni tan brillante. Debido a sus errores, su historia es escasa y fragmentaria.

Samuel ben Hofni fue el Gaón de Sura, su hijo después de él escribió un libro sobre las leyes de oración para "nuestro señor y maestro Nathan, jefe de las comunidades y se refiere a Abraham como" el estandarte de la fe y la corona de la nación ".

Abraham desempeñó un papel central en la organización del flujo de dinero desde Kairuán a las Yeshivot del Este. Para transferir dinero mantuvo un contacto cercano con los Maghribis que se habían establecido en Fostat (Yakob ibn 'Awkal, su hijo Yosef ibn' Awkal y Abu l'Chayr Musa ben Barhun a / k / a Moshe ben Abraham).

Hai ben Sherira Gaon escribió un poema en honor a Abraham refiriéndose a él como "el Nagid de la Nación y jefe de sus sedarim y Maestro y Ministro de todos los judíos".
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According to Geniza fragments Avraham was not a modest or humble man but he did manage to calm the anger of his father towards Shmuel HaNagid. Avraham ben Nathan was the first nagid of the Jewish community of Kairouan appointed by Hayya Gaon in 1015 CE. Avraham ben Nathan was also known by his Arabic name Abu Isḥāq Ibrahim ibn Ata, was wealthy, concerned with the welfare of others, a scholar, and a general in the army of the Zirids (successors of the Fatimids).

He was court physician to Badis (Zirid Sultan), the viceroy of Tunisia, and to al-Mu'izz his son and successor. Al-Muizz eventually moves his caliphate headquarters from Kairouan to Mahdia on the Tunisian coast after he loses Kairouan to the Banu Hilal (am Arab Bedouin tribe of Fatimids sent to punish the Zirids for abandoning Shi'ite Islam; while in Tunisia, the Banu Hilal attaked the adjacent Hammadids for abandoning Shi'ism and returning to Maliki Sunni Islam thereby acknowledging the Abassids as rightful Caliphs.

Al-Mu'izz declares independence from the Fatimid Caliphate and later moves to Cairo where Avraham becomes Nagid. His half-brother, Samuel HaNagid, travelled with Habus and Badis to Granada where he ruled the Zirid possessions...leaving Tunisia to the Administration of his younger brother. Abraham did much for the Jewish communities of North Africa and Tyre.

Two poems praising him are known to exist. Isḥāq ibn Khalfon, the court poet, dedicated several of his poems to his benefactor. He was honored in a song of praise by Rav Hai Gaon of Pumbeditha.

Thus begins a family of warrior-scholars – Ibn Yahya

. Abraham Ben Nathan brokers the support of Solomon Ibn Gavirol by Josef Ibn Ferruziel. Please note the Mu'tazilite School of Islam was founded by Abū Ḥudhayfah Wāṣil ibn ‘Aṭā’ was a protégé of the Banū Ḍabbah, or it is also said of the Banū Makhsūm. His birth was at al-Madīnah and he was called al-Ghazzāli because of his frequenting Sūq al-Ghazl in order to become acquainted with the chaste women, to whom he distributed his alms.

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Según los fragmentos de Geniza, Abraham no era un hombre modesto o humilde, pero logró calmar la ira de su padre hacia Shmuel HaNagid. Avraham ben Nathan fue el primer nagid de la comunidad judía de Kairouan nombrada por Hayya Gaon en 1015 CE. Avraham ben Nathan también era conocido por su nombre árabe Abu Isḥāq Ibrahim ibn Ata, era rico, preocupado por el bienestar de los demás, un erudito y un general en el ejército de los ziríes (sucesores de los fatimíes).

Fue médico de la corte de Badis (Zirid Sultan), el virrey de Túnez, y de al-Mu'izz, su hijo y sucesor. Al-Muizz finalmente traslada su cuartel general del califato de Kairouan a Mahdia en la costa tunecina después de perder a Kairouan en el Banu Hilal (soy una tribu beduina árabe de fatimíes enviados a castigar a los zirids por abandonar el Islam chiíta; mientras que en Túnez, el Banu Hilal atacó a los Hammadids adyacentes por abandonar el chiismo y regresar al Islam sunita de Maliki, reconociendo así a los Abassids como legítimos califas.

Al-Mu'izz declara su independencia del califato fatimí y luego se muda a El Cairo, donde Abraham se convierte en Nagid. Su medio hermano, Samuel HaNagid, viajó con Habus y Badis a Granada, donde gobernó las posesiones ziridas ... dejando Túnez a la Administración de su hermano menor. Abraham hizo mucho por las comunidades judías del norte de África y Tiro.

Se sabe que existen dos poemas que lo alaban. Isḥāq ibn Khalfon, el poeta de la corte, dedicó varios de sus poemas a su benefactor. Fue honrado en una canción de alabanza por Rav Hai Gaon de Pumbeditha.

Así comienza una familia de guerreros eruditos - Ibn Yahya

. Abraham Ben Nathan corre el apoyo de Solomon Ibn Gavirol por Josef Ibn Ferruziel. Tenga en cuenta que la Escuela del Islam Mu'tazilite fue fundada por Abū Ḥudhayfah Wāṣil ibn ‘Aṭā’ fue un protegido de los Banū Ḍabbah, o también se dice de los Banū Makhsūm. Su nacimiento fue en al-Madīnah y fue llamado al-Ghazzāli debido a su frecuente Sūq al-Ghazl para conocer a las mujeres castas, a quienes distribuyó sus limosnas.
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The position of “Nagid of Cairo” is filled many years later by Maimonides. Avraham ben Nathan had at least three (3) sons –

1) Yitzhak Abraham [Yitzchak 'Amram ben Avraham (a/k/a “Zakai ben Abraham”)]

2) Yakob ben 'Amram (the 2nd Nagid of Kairouan),

3) Nathan - Nathan traveled to [Sijilmasa] to act as Rabbi and extend the reach of his brothers.

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La posición de "Nagid of Cairo" es ocupada muchos años después por Maimónides. Abraham ben Nathan tuvo al menos tres (3) hijos:

1) Itzjak Abraham [Itzjak 'Amram ben Avraham (a / k / a “Zakai ben Abraham”)]

2) Yakob ben 'Amram (la segunda Nagid de Kairouan),

3) Nathan - Nathan viajó a [Sijilmasa] para actuar como Rabino y extender el alcance de sus hermanos.
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Ben-Sasson, Menahem. The Emergence of the Local Jewish Community in the Muslim World: Qayrawan, 800–1057 (Jerusalem: Magnes Press, 1996) [Hebrew].

Davidson, Israel. “Poetic Fragments from the Genizah: II. From a Divan of a North African Poet,” Jewish Quarterly Review, n.s. 1, no. 2 (October 1910): 231–247.

Gil, Moshe, “The Babylonian Yeshivot and the Maghrib in the Early Middle Ages,” Proceedings of the American Academy for Jewish Research 57 (1990–1991): 108–115.

Stillman, Norman, The Jews of Arab Lands: A History and Source Book (Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society, 1979), pp. 46, 63, 183–185.

———. “Un témoignage contemporain de l’histoire de la Tunisie Ziride,” Hespéris-Tamuda 13 (1972): 37–59.

Norman A. Stillman. " Ibn ʿAṭāʾ, Abū Isḥāq Ibrāhīm (Abraham ben Nathan)." Encyclopedia of Jews in the Islamic World. Executive Editor Norman A. Stillman. Brill Online , 2012. Reference. Jim Harlow. 03 July 2012

“A history of Palestine, 634-1099, Volume 1” by Moshe Gil, CUP Archive, 1992 ISBN0521404371, 9780521404372

“Jews in Islamic countries in the Middle Ages” by Moshe Gil & David Strassler Translated byDavid Strassler, BRILL, ISBN900413882X, 9789004138827

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