sábado, 27 de mayo de 2017

Luis VIII de Francia ★ |•••► #FRANCIA #Genealogia #Genealogy ♛

Luis VIII de Francia
Luis VIII el León
Rey de Francia
Louis8.jpg
Sello real de Luis VIII.
Información personal
Reinado 14 de julio de 1223 - 8 de noviembre de 1226
Coronación 6 de agosto de 1223 (Catedral de Reims)
Nacimiento 5 de septiembre de 1187
París
Fallecimiento 8 de noviembre de 1226
Montpensier, Auvernia
Predecesor Felipe II de Francia
Sucesor Luis IX de Francia
Familia
Dinastía Dinastía de los Capetos
Padre Felipe II de Francia
Madre Isabel de Hainaut
Consorte Blanca de Castilla
Descendencia Felipe (1209-18).
Luis (San Luis) (1214 - 1270) Red crown.png
Roberto (1216 - 1250)
Alfonso (1220 - 1271)
Felipe Dagoberto (1222 - 1232)
Isabel (1225 - 1269)
Etienne. (nacida y muerta en 1226)
Carlos (póstumo) (1227 - 1285)Rey de Sicilia y de Nápoles.
France Ancient Arms.svg
Escudo de Luis VIII el León
[editar datos en Wikidata]
Luis VIII1 el León (París, 5 de septiembre de 11872 - Montpensier, Auvernia, 8 de noviembre de 1226), rey de Francia de 1223 a 1226.

Miembro de la dinastía de los Capetos, era hijo de Felipe II Augusto e Isabel de Henao.

Coronado en Reims el 6 de agosto de 1223, a la muerte de su padre, su reinado prosigue la obra de sus predecesores: canalizar el sentimiento de una comunidad nacional. Ello conllevó enfrentamientos directos entre la Corona y los grandes señores feudales.


Desarticulación del Imperio Angevino®
Luis VIII completó las victorias que su padre había obtenido sobre Juan sin Tierra, rey de Inglaterra, ocupando el Poitou y La Rochela, permaneciendo en manos inglesas tan sólo la Gascuña y la Guyena.

Cruzada Albigense®
La cruzada albigense —en alianza con el papa Honorio III— fue la oportunidad de Luis VIII en el combate a la herejía cátara, con métodos más sutiles que los de Simón de Montfort, para asimilar a la Corona de Francia el Mediodía francés. Fue en el curso de esta campaña, a la vuelta del sitio de Aviñón, cuando enfermó de disentería, falleciendo el 8 de noviembre de 1226 en Montpensier. Está enterrado en Saint-Denis. Le sucedió su hijo menor, Luis IX de Francia (San Luis), ocupando la regencia su mujer Blanca de Castilla

Descendencia®
Blanca (1205-1206).
Inès nacida y muerta en 1207.
Felipe (1209 - 1218).
Alfonso nacido y muerto en 1213.
Juan nacido y muerto en 1213 , gemelo de Alfonso.
Luis (San Luis) (1214 - 1270). Rey.
Roberto (1216 - 1250). Conde de Artois.
Felipe (1218-1220).
Juan Tristán (1219 - 1232). Conde de Anjou y Maine
Alfonso (1220 - 1271). Conde de Poitiers y de Toulouse.
Felipe Dagoberto (1222 - 1232)
Isabel (1225 - 1269)
Etienne (nacida y muerta en 1226)
Carlos (póstumo) (1227 - 1285). Conde de Anjou y Maine y Rey de Sicilia y de Nápoles.


Referencias®
Volver arriba ↑ Louis VIII sur le site FMG
Volver arriba ↑ Emmanuel Poulle, La date de naissance de Louis VIII, vol. 145, Paris, Bibliothèque de l'école des chartes, 1987 (lire en ligne [archive]), p. 427
Enlaces externos®
 Wikimedia Commons alberga contenido multimedia sobre Luis VIII de Francia.
Colección de memorias relativas a la historia de Francia (Collection des mémoires relatifs a l'histoire de France), con introducción y anotaciones de François Guizot.
Vida de Luis VIII (Vie de Louis VIII).
Texto francés, con anotaciones en este idioma, en el sitio de Philippe Remacle (1944 - 2011): ed. de 1826.


Predecesor:
Felipe II Rey de Francia
Arms of the Kingdom of France (Ancien).svg

1223 – 1226 Sucesor:
Luis IX

Luis Ix De Francia ★ |•••► #FRANCIA #Genealogia #Genealogy ♛

Linea Genetica N°1 FAMILIA |•••► LUIS
_________________________________________________________________________________________________

1.- 1214 LUIS IX DE FRANCIA |•••► Pais:FRANCIA
PADRE: Luis VIII de Francia
MADRE: Blanca de Castilla


_________________________________________________________________________________________________
2.- 1187 LUIS VIII DE FRANCIA |•••► Pais:FRANCIA
PADRE: Felipe II de Francia
MADRE: Isabel de Hainaut


_________________________________________________________________________________________________
3.- 1165 FELIPE II DE FRANCIA |•••► Pais:FRANCIA
PADRE: Luis VII de Francia
MADRE: Adela de Champaña


_________________________________________________________________________________________________
4.- 1120 LUIS VII DE FRANCIA |•••► Pais:FRANCIA
PADRE: Luis VI de Francia
MADRE: Adela de Saboya (c. 1100-54)


_________________________________________________________________________________________________


Luis IX de Francia
Para otros usos de este término, véase Luis IX, duque de Baviera.
Luis IX de Francia
Rey de Francia
El Greco - Saint Louis roi de France et un page 02.jpg
Luis IX el Santo, por El Greco.
Información personal
Reinado 8 de noviembre de 1226 - 25 de agosto de 1270
Coronación 29 de noviembre de 1226 (Catedral de Reims)
Nacimiento 25 de abril de 1214
Poissy
Fallecimiento 25 de agosto de 1270 (56 años)
Túnez
Predecesor Luis VIII de Francia
Sucesor Felipe III de Francia
Familia
Padre Luis VIII de Francia
Madre Blanca de Castilla
Consorte Margarita de Provenza
Descendencia Blanca (1240-43)
Isabel de Francia y de Provenza (1242-71)
Luis de Francia(1244-60), Príncipe heredero
Felipe III de Francia (1245-85) Red crown.png
Juan de Francia (1248)
Juan-Tristán de Francia (1250-70)
Pedro de Francia y de Provenza (1251-84)
Blanca de Francia (1252-1320])
Margarita de Francia y de Provenza (1254-71)
Roberto de Clermont (1256-1317)
Inés de Francia y de Provenza (1260-1327)
France Ancient.svg
Escudo de Luis IX de Francia
[editar datos en Wikidata]
Luis IX de Francia,1 también conocido como Ludovico, San Luis o San Luis de Francia (Poissy, 25 de abril de 1214 — Túnez, 25 de agosto de 1270), fue un rey de Francia. Hijo de Luis VIII el León y de la infanta castellana Blanca de Castilla (hija de Alfonso VIII). Fue, por tanto, primo hermano del rey castellano Fernando III el Santo.

Í
Biografía®
Fue proclamado rey a la muerte de su padre, a finales de 1226, y durante los primeros años estuvo bajo la regencia de su madre. Poco más tarde, en 1235, contrajo matrimonio con Margarita de Provenza, hija de Ramón Berenguer V, conde de Provenza, nieto de Alfonso II de Aragón y bisnieto de Alfonso VII de Castilla. La pareja real tuvo once hijos:

Blanca (1240-1243).
Isabel (1242-1271), casada en 1258 con Teobaldo II de Navarra.
Luis de Francia (1244-1260).
Felipe el Atrevido (1245-1285), rey de Francia.
Juan (nacido y muerto en 1248).
Juan-Tristán (1250-1270), conde de Valois.
Pedro (1251-1284), conde de Alençon.
Blanca (1252-1320), casada en 1269 con el infante de Castilla Fernando de la Cerda.
Margarita (1254-1271), casada en 1270 con el duque Juan I de Brabante.
Roberto (1256-1317), conde de Clermont, casado con Beatriz de Borbón. Su hijo, el duque Luis I de Borbón, fue el fundador de la Dinastía Borbón.
Inés (1260-1327), casada en 1279 con el duque Roberto II de Borgoña.
Educación y vida devota®
Educado en la devoción y el misticismo por su madre, Luis IX combinó su tarea de gobierno con un ascetismo que ha sido destacado tanto por la hagiografía católica como por comentaristas laicos (Voltaire llegó a decir que "No es posible que ningún hombre haya llevado más lejos la virtud"). Por momentos parecía un anacoreta, entregándose a prácticas de mortificación como el hacerse azotar la espalda con cadenillas de hierro los viernes, o actos de autohumillación como lavar los pies a los mendigos o compartir su mesa con leprosos.

Perteneció a la Orden franciscana seglar, fundada por San Francisco de Asís. Fundó muchos monasterios y construyó la famosa Santa Capilla en París, cerca de la catedral, para albergar una gran colección de reliquias del cristianismo.

Asistió al Concilio Ecuménico latino de Lyon I, (convocado en 1245 y presidido por el Papa Inocencio IV) donde, además de deponer y excomulgar al emperador Federico II, se convocó una cruzada (la séptima) de la que se designó a Luis IX al mando.

Como Carlomagno tuvo en Eginardo su biógrafo, Luis IX lo tuvo en Jean de Joinville (1224-1317), amigo suyo y camarada en sus campañas de armas. Sus escritos han creado la tan popular imagen pacífica y piadosa del Rey, y el propio Joinville prestó testimonio ante el Papa Bonifacio VIII, que canonizaría a Luis IX en 1297.

Gobierno®

Luis IX de Francia.
En un aspecto más terrenal, Luis IX tuvo que enfrentarse a Enrique III de Inglaterra, a quien venció en Taillebourg en 1242, firmando luego el Tratado de París de 1259, lo que trajo la paz, que se prolongó durante todo su reinado. Gracias a este tratado confirmó sus conquistas de Anjou, Turena y Maine, conservando solamente el monarca inglés la Guyena.

Más tarde la rebelión de los nobles ingleses contra Enrique III, conocida como Segunda Guerra de los Barones, repercutió en Francia. Con la derrota y prisión de Enrique en la Batalla de Lewes (1264), su esposa, la reina Leonor de Provenza, y su hijo mayor, el príncipe heredero Eduardo, heredero del trono, se refugian en Francia, al lado de la reina Margarita —hermana mayor de Leonor—, la cual convence a su esposo Luis IX que apoye a Eduardo con un ejército para reconquistar el poder y liberar a su padre.

Luis IX fue el último monarca europeo que emprendiera el camino de las Cruzadas contra los musulmanes. La primera vez, entre 1248 y 1254, en lo que luego se llamó la Séptima Cruzada, Luis desembarcó en Egipto y llegó a tomar la ciudad de Damieta, pero poco después sus tropas fueron sorprendidas por la crecida del Nilo y la peste. Combatiendo en terreno desconocido para ellos, los franceses, junto con su rey, cayeron prisioneros de sus enemigos y sólo se salvaron pagando un fuerte rescate. Irónicamente, la séptima cruzada de Luis IX corrió una suerte similar a la quinta cruzada de Andrés II de Hungría, quien un par de décadas antes también arribó a Egipto y al poco tiempo se vio forzado a regresar a su hogar.

La octava Cruzada, en 1270, llevó a Luis frente a Túnez, ciudad a la que puso sitio. Si bien al rey lo impulsaban móviles religiosos, no era el caso de su hermano, el bastante más terrenal Carlos de Anjou,[cita requerida] rey de Nápoles, cuyos intereses en Italia, que lo vincularon estrechamente al papado, lo pusieron en situación de acabar con la competencia de los mercaderes tunecinos del Mediterráneo.

La expedición fue un desastre. Buena parte del ejército fue atacado por la disentería o, según el historiador Fernand Destaing, por la fiebre tifoidea,2 al igual que el propio Luis IX, que murió durante el sitio sin haber conseguido su objetivo, el 25 de agosto de 1270.

A su muerte le sucedió en el trono su hijo, Felipe el Atrevido.

Legado®
Con su muerte, remate de una expedición carente de todo sentido militar, político y religioso salvo el antes mencionado de favorecer a Carlos de Anjou, se extinguieron las Cruzadas. La lenta consolidación de los Estados monárquicos y el desarrollo cultural y comercial de la época gótica eran un hecho incontestable que alejaron de preocupaciones místicas a los gobernantes de aquel tiempo. Por otro lado, la Europa Occidental había llegado ya a su techo militar y no pudo desalojar a los musulmanes del Norte de África y del Cercano Oriente. Apenas veinte años después de la muerte de San Luis, los cristianos perdieron su última plaza fuerte en Tierra Santa, al caer San Juan de Acre en manos de los musulmanes, en 1291.

San Luis
Picture of St. Louis of the French,foreground.jpg
Rey de Francia
Nombre Louis IX Capet
Nacimiento 25 de abril de 1214
Venerado en Iglesia católica
Canonización 1297 por el papa Bonifacio VIII
Festividad 25 de agosto
Atributos corona, cetro y espada
Patronazgo Flag of France.svg Francia, La Granja de San Ildefonso, San Luis (E.U.A.), San Luis de la Paz, San Luis del Palmar, San Luis Potosí, Salcajá.
[editar datos en Wikidata]
En este marco, a pesar de los fracasos temporales y el empeño por empresas que resultaron fallidas y le costaron la vida, su popular imagen dentro y fuera de su país y la encarnación del modelo ideal de monarca cristiano hacen de San Luis un modelo de gobernante católico y una figura predominante en la Universitas Christiana.

Testamento espiritual de San Luis a su hijo®
(Acta Sanctorum Augusti 5 [1868]1, 546)

Hijo amadísimo, lo primero que quiero enseñarte es que ames al Señor, tu Dios, con todo tu corazón y con todas tus fuerzas; sin ello no hay salvación posible.
Hijo, debes guardarte de todo aquello que sabes que desagrada a Dios, esto es, de todo pecado mortal, de tal manera que has de estar dispuesto a sufrir toda clase de martirios antes que cometer un pecado mortal.
Además, si el Señor permite que te aflija alguna tribulación, debes soportarla generosamente y con acción de gracias, pensando que es para tu bien y que es posible que la hayas merecido. Y, si el Señor te concede prosperidad, debes darle gracias con humildad y vigilar que no sea en detrimento tuyo, por vanagloria o por cualquier otro motivo, porque los dones de Dios no han de ser causa de que le ofendas.
Asiste, de buena gana y con devoción, al culto divino, mientras estés en el templo, guarda recogida la mirada y no hables sin necesidad, sino ruega devotamente al Señor con oración vocal o mental.
Ten piedad para con los pobres, desgraciados y afligidos, y ayúdalos y consuélalos según tus posibilidades. Da gracias a Dios por todos sus beneficios, y así te harás digno de recibir otros mayores. Obra con toda rectitud y justicia, sin desviarte a la derecha ni a la izquierda; ponte siempre más del lado del pobre que del rico, hasta que averigües de qué lado está la razón. Pon la mayor diligencia en que todos tus súbditos vivan en paz y con justicia, sobre todo las personas eclesiásticas y religiosas.
Sé devoto y obediente a nuestra madre, la Iglesia romana, y al sumo pontífice, nuestro padre espiritual. Esfuérzate en alejar de tu territorio toda clase de pecado, principalmente la blasfemia y la herejía.
Hijo amadísimo, llegado al final, te doy toda la bendición que un padre amante puede dar a su hijo; que la Santísima Trinidad y todos los santos te guarden de todo mal. Y que el Señor te dé la gracia de cumplir su voluntad, de tal manera que reciba de ti servicio y honor, y así, después de esta vida, los dos lleguemos a verlo, amarlo y alabarlo sin fin. Amén.
Lugares que llevan su nombre®
Multitud de ciudades, accidentes geográficos, instituciones educativas y edificios religiosos llevan su nombre.

Tanto el estado como la ciudad de San Luis Potosí en México son nombrados en su honor.[cita requerida]


Estatua de San Luis Rey de Francia en La Plaza de Fundadores de San Luis Potosí.
Referencias®
Volver arriba ↑ «Louis IX 1226-1270». Foundation for Medieval Genealogy (en inglés). Consultado el 15 de enero de 2014.
Volver arriba ↑ Destaing Fernand. El fin de los hombres ilustres. La ayuda para el diagnóstico de la historia. Presses de la Cité, 1977, 270 p.
Enlaces externos®
 Wikimedia Commons alberga contenido multimedia sobre Luis IX de Francia.
Ficha genealógica Fundación Casa Ducal de Medinaceli


Predecesor:
Luis VIII Rey de Francia
 Blason pays fr FranceAncien.svg

1226 – 1270 Sucesor:
Felipe III

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 Nació en Poissy el 25 de abril de 1214, y a los doce años, a la muerte de su padre, Luis VIII, es coronado Rey de los franceses bajo la regencia de su madre, la española Doña Blanca de Castilla. Ejemplo raro de dos hermanas, Doña Blanca y Doña Berenguela, que supieron dar sus hijos, más que para reyes de la tierra, para santos y fieles discípulos del Señor. Las madres, las dos princesas hijas del rey Alfonso VII de Castilla, y los hijos, los santos reyes San Luis y San Fernando.

      En medio de las dificultades de la regencia supo Doña Blanca infundir en el tierno infante los ideales de una vida pura e inmaculada. No olvida el inculcarle los deberes propios del oficio que había de desempeñar más tarde, pero ante todo va haciendo crecer en su alma un anhelo constante de servicio divino, de una sensible piedad cristiana y de un profundo desprecio a todo aquello que pudiera suponer en él el menor atisbo de pecado. «Hijo -le venía diciendo constantemente-, prefiero verte muerto que en desgracia de Dios por el pecado mortal».

      Es fácil entender la vida que llevaría aquel santo joven ante los ejemplos de una tan buena y tan delicada madre. Tanto más si consideramos la época difícil en que a ambos les tocaba vivir, en medio de una nobleza y de unas cortes que venían a convertirse no pocas veces en hervideros de los más desenfrenados, rebosantes de turbulencias y de tropelías. Contra éstas tuvo que luchar denodadamente Doña Blanca, y, cuando el reino había alcanzado ya un poco de tranquilidad, hace que declaren mayor de edad a su hijo, el futuro Luis IX, el 5 de abril de 1234.  



      Ya Rey, no se separa San Luis de la sabia mirada de su madre, a la que tiene siempre a su lado para tomar las decisiones más importantes. En este mismo año, y por su consejo, se une en matrimonio con la virtuosa Margarita, hija de Ramón Berenguer, Conde de Provenza. Ella sería la compañera de su reinado y le ayudaría también a ir subiendo poco a poco los peldaños de la santidad.

      En lo humano, el reinado de San Luis se tiene como uno de los más ejemplares y completos de la Historia. Las Cruzadas, son una muestra de su ideal de caballero cristiano, llevado hasta las últimas consecuencias del sacrificio y de la abnegación. En la política, San Luis ajustó su conducta a las normas más estrictas de la moral cristiana. Sabía que el gobierno es más un deber que un derecho; el hacer el bien buscando en todo la felicidad de sus súbditos.

      Desde el principio de su reinado San Luis lucha para que haya paz entre todos, pueblos y nobleza. Todos los días administra justicia personalmente, atendiendo las quejas de los oprimidos y desamparados. Desde 1247 comisiones especiales fueron encargadas de recorrer el país con objeto de enterarse de las más pequeñas diferencias. Como resultado de tales informaciones fueron las grandes ordenanzas de 1254, que establecieron un compendio de obligaciones para todos los súbditos del Reino.

      El reflejo de estas ideas, tanto en Francia como en los países vecinos, dio a San Luis fama de bueno y justiciero, y a él recurrían a veces en demanda de ayuda y de consejo. Con sus nobles se muestra decidido para arrancar de una vez la perturbación que sembraban por los pueblos y ciudades. En 1240 estalló la última rebelión feudal a cuenta de Hugo de Lusignan y de Raimundo de Tolosa, a los que se sumó el rey Enrique III de Inglaterra.



      San Luis combate contra ellos y derrota a los ingleses en Saintes (22 de julio de 1242). Cuando llegó la hora de dictar condiciones de paz el vencedor desplegó su caridad y misericordia. Hugo de Lusignan y Raimundo de Tolosa fueron perdonados, dejándoles en sus privilegios y posesiones. Si esto hizo con los suyos, aún extremó más su generosidad con los ingleses: el tratado de París de 1259 entregó a Enrique III nuevos feudos de Cahors y Périgueux, a fin de que en adelante el agradecimiento garantizara mejor la paz entre los dos Estados.

      Fue exquisito en su trato, sobre todo, en sus relaciones con el Papa y con la Iglesia. Cuando por Europa arreciaba la lucha entre el emperador Federico II y el Papa por causa de las investiduras y regalías, San Luis asume el papel de mediador, defendiendo en las situaciones más difíciles a la Iglesia. En su reino apoya siempre sus intereses, aunque a veces ha de intervenir contra los abusos a que se entregaban algunos clérigos, coordinando de este modo los derechos que como rey tenía sobre su pueblo con los deberes de fiel cristiano, devoto de la Silla de San Pedro y de la Jerarquía. Para hacer más eficaz el progreso de la religión en sus Estados se dedica a proteger las iglesias y los sacerdotes. Lucha denodadamente contra los blasfemos y perjuros, y hace por que desaparezca la herejía entre los fieles, para lo que implanta la Inquisición romana, favoreciéndola con sus leyes y decisiones.

      Personalmente da un gran ejemplo de piedad y devoción ante su pueblo en las fiestas y ceremonias religiosas. En este sentido fueron muy celebradas las grandes solemnidades que llevó a cabo, en ocasión de recibir en su palacio la corona de espinas, que con su propio dinero había desempeñado del poder de los venecianos, que de este modo la habían conseguido del empobrecido emperador del Imperio griego, Balduino II. En 1238 la hace llevar con toda pompa a París y construye para ella, en su propio palacio, una esplendorosa capilla, que de entonces tomó el nombre de Capilla Santa, a la que fue adornando después con una serie de valiosas reliquias entre las que sobresalen una buena porción del santo madero de la cruz y el hierro de la lanza con que fue atravesado el costado del Señor.

      A todo ello añadía nuestro Santo una vida admirable de penitencia y de sacrificios. Tenía una predilección especial para los pobres y desamparados, a quienes sentaba muchas veces a su mesa, les daba él mismo la comida y les lavaba con frecuencia los pies, a semejanza del Maestro. Por su cuenta recorre los hospitales y reparte limosnas, se viste de cilicio y castiga su cuerpo con duros cilicios y disciplinas. Se pasa grandes ratos en la oración, y en este espíritu, como antes hiciera con él su madre, Doña Blanca, va educando también a sus hijos, cumpliendo de modo admirable sus deberes de padre, de rey y de cristiano.

      Sólo le quedaba a San Luis testimoniar de un modo público y solemne el gran amor que tenía para con Nuestro Señor, y esto le impulsa a alistarse en una de aquellas Cruzadas, llenas de fe y de heroísmo, donde los cristianos de entonces iban a luchar por su Dios contra sus enemigos, con ocasión de rescatar los Santos Lugares de Jerusalén. A San Luis le cabe la gloria de haber dirigido las dos últimas Cruzadas en unos años en que ya había decaído mucho el sentido noble de estas empresas, y que él vigoriza de nuevo dándoles el sello primitivo de la cruz y del sacrificio.

      En un tiempo en que estaban muy apurados los cristianos del Oriente, el Papa Inocencio IV tuvo la suerte de ver en Francia al mejor de los reyes, en quien podía confiar para organizar en su socorro una nueva empresa. San Luis, que tenía pena de no amar bastante a Cristo Crucificado y de no sufrir bastante por Él, se muestra cuando le llega la hora, como un magnífico soldado de su causa. Desde este momento va a vivir siempre con la vista clavada en el Santo Sepulcro, y morirá murmurando: «Jerusalén».

      En cuanto a los anteriores esfuerzos para rescatar los Santos Lugares, había fracasado, o poco menos, la Cruzada de Teobaldo IV, Conde de Champagne y Rey de Navarra, emprendida en 1239-1240. Tampoco la de Ricardo de Cornuailles, en 1240-1241, había obtenido otra cosa que la liberación de algunos centenares de prisioneros.




     Ante la invasión de los mogoles, unos 10.000 kharezmitas vinieron a ponerse al servicio del sultán de Egipto y en septiembre de 1244 arrebataron la ciudad de Jerusalén a los cristianos. Conmovido el papa Inocencio IV, exhortó a los reyes y pueblos en el concilio de Lyón a tomar la cruz, pero sólo el monarca francés escuchó la voz del Vicario de Cristo.

     Luis IX, lleno de fe, se entrevista con el Papa en Cluny (noviembre de 1245) y, mientras Inocencio IV envía embajadas de paz a los tártaros mogoles, el Rey apresta una buena flota contra los turcos. El 12 de junio de 1248 sale de París para embarcarse en Marsella. Le siguen sus tres hermanos, Carlos de Anjou, Alfonso de Poitiers y Roberto de Artois, con el duque de Bretaña, el conde de Flandes y otros caballeros, obispos, etc. Su ejército lo componen 40.000 hombres y 2.800 caballos.

      El 17 de septiembre los hallamos en Chipre, sitio de concentración de los cruzados. Allí pasan el invierno, pero pronto les atacan la peste y demás enfermedades. El 15 de mayo de 1249, con refuerzos traídos por el duque de Borgoña y por el conde de Salisbury, se dirigen hacia Egipto. «Con el escudo al cuello -dice un cronista- y el yelmo a la cabeza, la lanza en el puño y el agua hasta el sobaco», San Luis, saltando de la nave, arremetió contra los sarracenos. Pronto era dueño de Damieta. Sin embargo, cuando el ejército, es atacado del escorbuto, del hambre y de las continuas incursiones del enemigo, decidió por fin, retirarse, se vio sorprendido por los sarracenos, que degollaron a muchísimos cristianos, cogiendo preso al mismo rey, a su hermano Carlos de Anjou, a Alfonso de Poitiers y a los principales caballeros.




     Era la ocasión para mostrar el gran temple de alma de San Luis. En medio de su desgracia aparece ante todos con una serenidad admirable y una suprema resignación. Hasta sus mismos enemigos le admiran y no pueden menos de tratarle con deferencia. Obtenida poco después la libertad, que con harta pena para el Santo llevaba consigo la renuncia de Damieta, San Luis desembarca en San Juan de Acre con el resto de su ejército. Cuatro años se quedó en Palestina fortificando las últimas plazas cristianas y peregrinando con profunda piedad y devoción a los Santos Lugares de Nazaret, Monte Tabor y Caná. Sólo en 1254, cuando supo la muerte de su madre, Doña Blanca, se decidió a volver a Francia.

     A su vuelta es recibido con amor y devoción por su pueblo. Sigue administrando justicia por sí mismo, hace desaparecer los combates judiciarios, persigue el duelo y favorece cada vez más a la Iglesia. Sigue teniendo un interés especial por los religiosos, especialmente por los franciscanos y dominicos. Conversa con San Buenaventura y Santo Tomás de Aquino, visita los monasterios y no pocas veces hace en ellos oración, como un monje más de la casa.

     Sin embargo, la idea de Jerusalén seguía permaneciendo viva en el corazón y en el ideal del Santo. Si no llegaba un nuevo refuerzo de Europa, pocas esperanzas les iban quedando ya a los cristianos de Oriente. Los mamelucos les molestaban amenazando con arrojarles de sus últimos reductos. Por si fuera poco, en 1261 había caído a su vez el Imperio Latino, que años antes fundaran los occidentales en Constantinopla. En Palestina dominaba entonces el feroz Bibars (la Pantera), mahometano fanático, que se propuso acabar del todo con los cristianos. El Papa Clemente IV instaba por una nueva Cruzada. Y de nuevo San Luis, ayudado esta vez por su hermano, el rey de Sicilia, Carlos de Anjou, el rey Teobaldo II de Navarra, por su otro hermano Roberto de Artois, sus tres hijos y gran compañía de nobles y prelados, se decide a luchar contra los infieles.

     En esta ocasión, en vez de dirigirse directamente al Oriente, las naves hacen proa hacia Túnez, enfrente de las costas francesas. Tal vez obedeciera esto a ciertas noticias que habían llegado a oídos del Santo de parte de algunos misioneros de aquellas tierras. En un convento de dominicos de Túnez parece que éstos mantenían buenas relaciones con el sultán, el cual hizo saber a San Luis que estaba dispuesto a recibir la fe cristiana. El Santo llegó a confiarse de estas promesas, esperando encontrar con ello una ayuda valiosa para el avance que proyectaba hacer hacia Egipto y Palestina.

     Pero todo iba a quedar en un lamentable engaño que iba a ser fatal para el ejército del Rey. El 4 de julio de 1270 zarpó la flota de Aguas Muertas y el 17 se apoderaba San Luis de la antigua Cartago y de su castillo. Sólo entonces empezaron los ataques violentos de los sarracenos.



     El mayor enemigo fue la peste, ocasionada por el calor, la putrefacción del agua y de los alimentos. Pronto empiezan a sucumbir los soldados y los nobles. El 3 de agosto muere el segundo hijo del rey, Juan Tristán, cuatro días más tarde el Legado Pontificio y el 25 del mismo mes la muerte arrebataba al mismo San Luis, que, como siempre, se había empeñado en cuidar por sí mismo a los apestados y moribundos. Tenía entonces cincuenta y seis años de edad y cuarenta de reinado.

     Pocas horas más tarde arribaban las naves de Carlos de Anjou, que asumió la dirección de la empresa. El cuerpo del santo rey fue trasladado primeramente a Sicilia y después a Francia, para ser enterrado en el panteón de San Dionisio, de París. Desde este momento iba a servir de grande veneración y piedad para todo su pueblo. Unos años más tarde, el 11 de agosto de 1297, era solemnemente canonizado por Su Santidad el papa Bonifacio VIII en la iglesia de San Francisco de Orvieto (Italia).




Francisco Martín Hernández, San Luis Rey de Francia, 
en Año Cristiano, Tomo III, Madrid, Editorial Católica (BAC 185), 
Año 1959, pp. 483-489.

viernes, 26 de mayo de 2017

Felipe III de Francia ★ |•••► #FRANCIA #Genealogia #Genealogy ♛

____________________________________________________________________________
19° Bisabuelo de: Carlos Juan Felipe Antonio Vicente De La Cruz Urdaneta Alamo
____________________________________________________________________________


<---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------->
(Linea Paterna) 
<---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------->
Philip III, "the Bold" king of France is your 19th great grandfather.
You→ Carlos Juan Felipe Antonio Vicente De La Cruz Urdaneta Alamo→   Enrique Jorge Urdaneta Lecuna 
your father →  Elena Cecilia Lecuna Escobar 
his mother →  María Elena de la Concepción Escobar Llamosas 
her mother →  Cecilia Cayetana de la Merced Llamosas Vaamonde de Escobar 
her mother →  Cipriano Fernando de Las Llamosas y García 
her father → José Lorenzo de las Llamozas Silva 
his father →  Joseph Julián Llamozas Ranero 
his father →  Manuel Llamosas y Requecens 
his father → Isabel de Requesens 
his mother →  Luis de Requeséns y Zúñiga, Virrey de Holanda 
her father →  Juan de Zúñiga Avellaneda y Velasco 
his father → Pedro de Zúñiga y Avellaneda, II conde de Miranda del Castañar 
his father →  Diego López de Zúñiga y Guzmán, I conde de Miranda del Castañar 
his father →  D. Pedro López de Zúñiga y García de Leyva, I Conde de Ledesma, Conde de Plasencia 
his father → Dª. Juana García de Leyva, Señora de Hacinas, Quintanilla y Villavaquerín 
his mother →  Juan Martínez de Leyva, III 
her father →  Isabella Plantagenet 
his mother →  Edward III, king of England 
her father →  Isabella of France, Queen consort of England 
his mother →  Philippe IV le Bel, roi de France 
her father → Philip III, "the Bold" king of France 
his father Show short path | Share this path
You might be connected in other ways. III el Atrevido

____________________________________________________
(Felipe III de Francia, llamado el Atrevido; Poissy, 1245 - Perpiñán, 1285) Rey de Francia (1270-1285). Hijo de Luis IX de Francia el Santo y de Margarita de Provenza, continuó la tarea de centralización administrativa iniciada por su padre (Ordenanzas de 1278). Se enfrentó a Pedro el Grande de Aragón por la corona de Sicilia y fue derrotado en el Coll de Panissars (1285), muriendo en la retirada.


Felipe III de Francia

Felipe III participó junto a su padre, el rey Luis IX de Francia, en la VII Cruzada organizada contra Túnez (1270). Muerto Luis IX en el transcurso de la cruzada, Felipe desembarcó en Sicilia y regresó a Francia, donde el 15 de agosto de 1271 fue ungido rey en Reims. Ese mismo año, tras la muerte de su tío Alfonso de Poitiers, esposo de Juana de Toulouse, Felipe III heredó Poitou, Auvernia, Aunis, el norte de Saintonge, el condado de Toulouse y el señorío de Albi. Felipe III de Francia casó en primeras nupcias con Isabel de Aragón (1262), de quien enviudó en 1271, y en segundas con María de Brabante (1274). El gobierno de Felipe III ha sido calificado como continuador de la política administrativa iniciada por su padre, que quedó recogida en las Ordenanzas de 1278.

La muerte de Enrique I el Gordo de Navarra (1274) había provocado una crisis dinástica al haber quedado como única heredera de Champagne y de Navarra su hija Juana, que tenía menos de dos años; su madre, la reina Blanca de Artois, se refugió en Francia en compañía de Juana. En mayo 1275, por el Tratado de Orleáns, Blanca de Artois encomendó a Felipe III de Francia el gobierno del reino de Navarra, a modo de protectorado, como mandatario de la reina Juana según los fueros y costumbres vigentes. Felipe III y Blanca de Artois acordaron el enlace entre los hijos de ambos: al año siguiente se firmaron las capitulaciones matrimoniales entre el hijo y sucesor de Felipe III, Felipe IV de Francia el Hermoso, y la reina Juana I de Navarra (1274-1305).

Los grandes del reino, entre los que se encontraban el gobernador Pedro Sánchez de Monteagudo, aceptaron el pacto, pero como contrapartida solicitaron el respeto de las leyes y fueros navarros. A partir de este momento Felipe III de Francia se hizo cargo del gobierno de Navarra hasta la mayoría de edad de Juana I, su futura nuera. Llegada a la mayoría de edad, en 1284 Juana I contrajo matrimonio, conforme a lo pactado, con Felipe IV, iniciándose en ese momento el reinado de Felipe IV y Juana I en Navarra.

La intromisión de la monarquía capeta en Navarra suscitó, junto a otras causas, la rebelión de los navarros o Guerra de Navarrería (1276). Las divisiones nobiliarias y los enfrentamientos entre los burgos francos de Pamplona, San Cernin y San Nicolás y el barrio de la Navarrería conllevaron la dimisión del gobernador, quien fue substituido por el francés Eustaquio de Beaumarchais; las propias desavenencias entre los burgos trajeron aparejada la reacción por parte de la nobleza contra la política francesa, en la que el gobernador fue cercado.

Ante esta serie de acontecimientos, Felipe III se trasladó al Bearne con el propósito de enviar tropas auxiliares, mandadas por Gastón de Bearne y por el condestable Imbert de Beaujeu; el barrio de la Navarrería quedó destruido y los castillos pasaron a manos francesas. El obispo y el cabildo catedralicio solicitaron a Felipe III una indemnización por el saqueo sufrido por la catedral; el monarca se mostró en principio favorable a tal medida, pero el gobernador Guerin de Amplepuis forzó en 1281 un acuerdo con la Iglesia por el que ésta cedía a la monarquía la mitad de su dominio sobre Pamplona a cambio de dicha indemnización. Sin embargo, los acuerdos de este pacto no fueron aprobados por el pontífice, con lo que no pudieron ponerse en práctica.

La oposición política al régimen francés continuó a través de la Hermandad de las Buenas Villas, constituida en 1276, y de la Junta de infanzones de Obanos (Navarra), que intentó ser disuelta por el gobernador en 1281. En este mismo año se reanudaron las hostilidades con Castilla y Aragón: ambos reinos habían firmado el Tratado de El Campillo, en el que se había fijado la conquista y posterior reparto de Navarra. Sin embargo, la guerra no llegó a desencadenarse, a pesar de que uno de los partidarios de los infantes de la Cerda, el señor de Vizcaya, se había refugiado en Navarra.



Felipe III de Francia secundó las actividades de su tío el rey de Sicilia, Carlos I de Anjou (1266-1282), en contra de Pedro III el Grande de Aragón (1276-1285), y pidió a éste garantías de que no lucharía contra el rey de Sicilia. Esta ayuda quedó reflejada en el envío de tropas a la isla, que desembarcaron en 1282, tras los sucesos de las Vísperas Sicilianas; en la lucha los angevinos fueron vencidos. Junto con el papa Martín IV (1281-1285), quien había desposeído a Pedro III de la investidura de sus dominios en favor de la infeudación de su tercer hijo, Carlos de Valois, Felipe III organizó una expedición para hacer valer tales derechos contra la Corona de Aragón; tal expedición recibió el nombre de la Cruzada contra los Catalanes, y su resultado fue la derrota en 1285 de los navíos franceses por parte del almirante Roger de Lauria.

Felipe III y su tío Carlos de Anjou, tras haber conseguido reunir una hueste numerosa, prepararon la invasión del reino de Navarra; por otro lado, el rey de Mallorca, Jaime II (1276-1311), hermano de Pedro III, pidió ayuda al monarca francés contra todo aquel que quisiera invadir su territorio, lo que quedó patente en 1283 con la firma de una alianza en Carcasona (Francia), en la que se reconocía la condición de subfeudo del señorío de Montpellier. El 10 de agosto se inició el ataque en las Bardenas; sin embargo, la rigurosidad del clima, unido a la fuerte resistencia de las villas fronterizas, frenaron la invasión. Al mismo tiempo, otro destacamento mandado por Eustache de Beaumarchais ocupó el valle de Arán (1283), lugar donde el obispo de Commenge leyó la bula de excomunión de Pedro III.

El enfrentamiento con los aragoneses continuó: las tropas franconavarras saquearon la Val d’Onsella (Huesca, 1283), lo que suscitó la reacción de Pedro III, quien en 1284 asoló la ribera de Tudela (Navarra) y penetró en el Rosellón (Francia) y Ampurdán (Girona, 1285), donde combatió contra el ejército de Felipe III; en junio de 1285, el avance francés fue frenado en el sitio de Girona, y en las proximidades del Coll de Panissars fueron vencidos por los aragoneses. En la retirada, Felipe III murió como consecuencia de una epidemia.
____________________________________________________________________________
19° Bisabuelo de: Carlos Juan Felipe Antonio Vicente De La Cruz Urdaneta Alamo
____________________________________________________________________________


<---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------->
(Linea Paterna) 
<---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------->
Philip III, "the Bold" king of France is your 19th great grandfather.
You→ Carlos Juan Felipe Antonio Vicente De La Cruz Urdaneta Alamo→   Enrique Jorge Urdaneta Lecuna 
your father →  Elena Cecilia Lecuna Escobar 
his mother →  María Elena de la Concepción Escobar Llamosas 
her mother →  Cecilia Cayetana de la Merced Llamosas Vaamonde de Escobar 
her mother →  Cipriano Fernando de Las Llamosas y García 
her father → José Lorenzo de las Llamozas Silva 
his father →  Joseph Julián Llamozas Ranero 
his father →  Manuel Llamosas y Requecens 
his father → Isabel de Requesens 
his mother →  Luis de Requeséns y Zúñiga, Virrey de Holanda 
her father →  Juan de Zúñiga Avellaneda y Velasco 
his father → Pedro de Zúñiga y Avellaneda, II conde de Miranda del Castañar 
his father →  Diego López de Zúñiga y Guzmán, I conde de Miranda del Castañar 
his father →  D. Pedro López de Zúñiga y García de Leyva, I Conde de Ledesma, Conde de Plasencia 
his father → Dª. Juana García de Leyva, Señora de Hacinas, Quintanilla y Villavaquerín 
his mother →  Juan Martínez de Leyva, III 
her father →  Isabella Plantagenet 
his mother →  Edward III, king of England 
her father →  Isabella of France, Queen consort of England 
his mother →  Philippe IV le Bel, roi de France 
her father → Philip III, "the Bold" king of France 
his father Show short path | Share this path
You might be connected in other ways.

Show Me


Philip III "the Bold" Capet, king of France MP 
Spanish: Felipe III "el Atrevido" Capet, rey de Francia, French: Philippe III "le Hardi" Capet, roi de France, Italian: Filippo III "l'Ardito" Capet, re di Francia
Gender: Male
Birth: May 01, 1245 
Poissy, Yvelines, Île-de-France, France  
Death: October 05, 1285 (40) 
Perpignan, Pyrénées-Orientales, Languedoc-Roussillon, France (Sans doute mort de la dysenterie qui frappait son armée en Catalogne)  
Place of Burial: Basiqlique Saint Denis, Saint Denis, Seine-Saint-Denis, France
Immediate Family:
Son of Louis IX the Saint, King of France and Marguerite de Provence, reine consort de France 
Husband of Isabel Capet, queen consort of France and Marie Capet, queen consort of France 
Father of Louis de France; Philippe IV le Bel, roi de France; Robert de France; Charles of France, Count of Valois; N.N. de France and 3 others 
Brother of Blanche Capet de France, (mort jeune); Isabel de Francia, reina consorte de Navarra; Louis Capet de France; Jean Capet de France, (mort jeune); Pierre Capet de France, Comte d'Alençon and 5 others 
Added by: Sally Gene Cole on April 8, 2007
Managed by:   Angus Wood-Salomon and 304 others
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From Wikipedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip_III_of_France

Philip III (30 April 1245 – 5 October 1285), called the Bold (French: le Hardi), was the King of France, succeeding his father, Louis IX, and reigning from 1270 to 1285. He was a member of the House of Capet.

Born in Poissy, to Louis IX (the later Saint Louis) and Marguerite of Provence, Philip was prior to his accession Count of Orleans. He accompanied his father on the Eighth Crusade to Tunisia in 1270. His father died at Tunis and there Philip was declared king at the age of 25. Philip was indecisive, soft in nature, timid, and apparently crushed by the strong personalities of his parents and dominated by his father's policies. He was called "the Bold" on the basis of his abilities in combat and on horseback and not his character. He was pious, but not cultivated. He followed the dictates of others, first of Pierre de la Broce and then of his uncle Charles I of Sicily.

After his succession, he quickly set his uncle on negotiations with the emir to conclude the crusade, while he himself returned to France. A ten-year truce was concluded and Philip was crowned in France on 12 August 1271. On 21 August, his uncle, Alfonso, Count of Poitou, Toulouse, and Auvergne, died returning from the crusade in Italy. Philip inherited his counties and united them to the royal demesne. The portion of the Auvergne which he inherited became the "Terre royale d'Auvergne," later the Duchy of Auvergne. In accordance with Alfonso's wishes, the Comtat Venaissin was granted to the Pope Gregory X in 1274. Several years of negotiations yielded the Treaty of Amiens with Edward I of England in 1279. Thereby Philip restored to the English the Agenais which had fallen to him with the death of Alfonso. In 1284, Philip also inherited the counties of Perche and Alençon from his brother Pierre.

Philip all the while supported his uncle's policy in Italy. When, after the Sicilian Vespers of 1282, Peter III of Aragon invaded and took the island of Sicily, the pope, Martin IV, excommunicated the conqueror and declared his kingdom (put under the suzerainty of the pope by Peter II in 1205) forfeit. He granted Aragon to Charles, Count of Valois, Philip's son. Philip intervened in the Navarrese succession after the death of Henry I of Navarre and married his son, Philip the Fair, to the heiress of Navarre, Joan I.

In 1284, Philip and his sons entered Roussillon at the head of a large army. This war, called the Aragonese Crusade from its papal sanction, has been labelled "perhaps the most unjust, unnecessary and calamitous enterprise ever undertaken by the Capetian monarchy."[1] On 26 June 1285, Philip the Bold entrenched himself before Gerona in an attempt to besiege it. The resistance was strong, but the city was taken on 7 September. Philip soon experienced a reversal, however, as the French camp was hit hard by an epidemic of dysentery. Philip himself was afflicted. The French retreated and were handily defeated at the Battle of the Col de Panissars. The king of France himself died at Perpignan, the capital of his ally James II of Majorca, and was buried in Narbonne. He currently lies buried with his wife Isabella of Aragon in Saint Denis Basilica in Paris.

In the Divine Comedy, Dante sees Philip's spirit outside the gates of Purgatory with a number of other contemporary European rulers. Dante does not name Philip directly, but refers to him as "the small-nosed" and "the father of the Pest of France."

Marriage and children

On 28 May 1262, Philip married Isabella of Aragon, daughter of James I of Aragon and his second wife Yolande of Hungary, daughter of Andrew II of Hungary, and had the following children:

Louis (1265 – May 1276). He was poisoned, possibly by orders of his stepmother.

Philip IV (1268 – November 29, 1314), successor as king.

Robert (1269 - 1271).

Charles (March 12, 1270 – December 16, 1325), Count of Valois.

Stillborn son (1271).

After Isabella's death, he married on 21 August 1274, Marie de Brabant, daughter of Henry III of Brabant and Adelaide of Burgundy. Their children were:

Louis (May 1276 – May 19, 1319), Count of Évreux.

Blanca (1278 – March 19, 1305, Vienna), married Rudolf III of Austria on May 25, 1300.

Marguerite (1282 – February 14, 1317), married Edward I of England

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Name: *Phillip III "The Bold" of FRANCE

Sex: M

Birth: 3 APR 1245 in Poissy

Death: 5 OCT 1285 in Perpignan Burial: Saint Denis Basilica

Occupation: BET 1270 AND 1285 King of France

Note:

At the age of twenty-five he ascended to the throne. Indecisive, and dominated by the policies of his father, he followed the dictates of others, first of Pierre de la Broce and then of his uncle Charles I of Anjou, king of Naples.

In 1285, the last year of his reign, Philippe made an unsuccessful attempt to annex the kingdom of Aragon. In the aftermath of this struggle, while retreating from Girona, Philippe III died.

(From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia)

Philip III, King of France, was born April 3, 1245, died Oct. 5, 1285.

Philip was King of France 1270-1285.

He married 1st, May 28, 1262, Isabella, daughter of James I, King of Aragon;

2nd, 1274, Marie, daughter of Henry III, Duke of Brabant.

(

Father: *Louis IX of FRANCE b: 25 APR 1214 in Poissy, France

Mother: *Margaret BERENGAR b: 1221 in St. Main

Marriage 1 *Isabella of ARAGON b: 1247 in Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain

Married: 28 MAY 1262 in Château de Vincennes, Vincennes, Île-de-France, France Children

Louis of FRANCE b: 1265
*Phillip IV "the Fair" of FRANCE b: 1268 in Palace of Fontainebleau, Seine-et-Marne, France
Robert FRANCE b: 1269
*Charles III of VALOIS b: 12 MAR 1270 in Vincennes, Isle De France, France
Marriage 2 *Marie of BRABANT b: 1256 in Leuven, Flemish-Brabant, Flanders, Belgium

Married: 21 AUG 1274

Children

*Louis EVREUX b: 3 MAY 1276
Blanche FRANCE b: 1278
*Marguerite of FRANCE b: 1282
*****************************************************************
Philip III the Bold (in April 3, 1245 - October 5, 1285) reigned as King of France from 1270 to 1285. A member of the Capetian dynasty, he was born in Poissy, the son of Louis IX of France and of Marguerite Berenger of Provence (1221 - 1295).

At the age of twenty-five he ascended to the throne. Indecisive, and dominated by the policies of his father, he followed the dictates of others, first of Pierre de la Broce and then of his uncle Charles I of Anjou, king of Naples.

In 1285, the last year of his reign, Philippe made an unsuccessful attempt to annex the kingdom of Aragon. In the aftermath of this struggle, while retreating from Girona, Philippe III died on October 5, 1285 at Perpignan (in the present-day département of Pyrénées-Orientales). He lies buried with his wife, Isabella of Aragon (1247 - 1271) in Saint Denis Basilica.

Philip III married (on 28 May 1262) Isabella of Aragon, daughter of James I of Aragon, and had the following children:

LOUIS - (1266 - May 1276)

PHILIPPE IV - (1268 - November 29, 1314)

CHARLES de Valois - (March 12, 1270 - December 16, 1325)

After the death of Isabella, he married on August 21, 1274,

MARIE de Brabant, daughter of 1276 - May 19, 1319) (married: Marguerite d' Artois)

BLANCHE - (1278 - March 19, 1305) (married: Rudolph III, duke of Austria)

MARGUERITE - (1282 - February 14, 1317) (married: Edward I of England)

King Philippe III's son, Philippe IV, succeeded him on the throne.

http://www.bambooweb.com/articles/p/h/Philip_III_of_France.html

****************************************************************
WEBSITES with Info................

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip_III_of_France

http://www.nationmaster.com/encyclopedia/Philip-III-of-France

http://www.ericjames.org/html/fam/fam07212.htm

ST DENIS BASILLICA, PARIS

http://www.sacred-destinations.com/france/paris-st-denis.htm

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Denis_Basilica

Philip III of France

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

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Philip III the Bold

King of France

Reign 25 August 1270 – 5 October 1285

Coronation 30 August 1271

Predecessor Louis IX

Successor Philip IV

Spouse Isabella of Aragon

Maria of Brabant

Issue

Philip IV

Charles, Count of Valois

Louis, Count of Évreux

Blanche, Duchess of Austria

Marguerite, Queen of England

Father Louis IX of France

Mother Marguerite of Provence

Born 30 April 1245(1245-04-30)

Poissy

Died 5 October 1285 (aged 40)

Perpignan

Burial Initially Narbonne, later Saint Denis Basilica

Philip III (30 April 1245 – 5 October 1285), called the Bold (French: le Hardi), was the King of France, succeeding his father, Louis IX, and reigning from 1270 to 1285. He was a member of the House of Capet.

Born in Poissy, to Louis IX (the later Saint Louis) and Marguerite of Provence, Philip was prior to his accession Count of Orleans. He accompanied his father on the Eighth Crusade to Tunisia in 1270. His father died at Tunis and there Philip was declared king at the age of 25. Philip was indecisive, soft in nature, timid, and apparently crushed by the strong personalities of his parents and dominated by his father's policies. He was called "the Bold" on the basis of his abilities in combat and on horseback and not his character. He was pious, but not cultivated. He followed the dictates of others, first of Pierre de la Broce and then of his uncle Charles I of Sicily.

After his succession, he quickly set his uncle on negotiations with the emir to conclude the crusade, while he himself returned to France. A ten-year truce was concluded and Philip was crowned in France on 12 August 1271. On 21 August, his uncle, Alfonso, Count of Poitou, Toulouse, and Auvergne, died returning from the crusade in Italy. Philip inherited his counties and united them to the royal demesne. The portion of the Auvergne which he inherited became the "Terre royale d'Auvergne," later the Duchy of Auvergne. In accordance with Alfonso's wishes, the Comtat Venaissin was granted to the Pope Gregory X in 1274. Several years of negotiations yielded the Treaty of Amiens with Edward I of England in 1279. Thereby Philip restored to the English the Agenais which had fallen to him with the death of Alfonso. In 1284, Philip also inherited the counties of Perche and Alençon from his brother Pierre.

Philip all the while supported his uncle's policy in Italy. When, after the Sicilian Vespers of 1282, Peter III of Aragon invaded and took the island of Sicily, the pope, Martin IV, excommunicated the conqueror and declared his kingdom (put under the suzerainty of the pope by Peter II in 1205) forfeit. He granted Aragon to Charles, Count of Valois, Philip's son. Philip intervened in the Navarrese succession after the death of Henry I of Navarre and married his son, Philip the Fair, to the heiress of Navarre, Joan I.

In 1284, Philip and his sons entered Roussillon at the head of a large army. This war, called the Aragonese Crusade from its papal sanction, has been labelled "perhaps the most unjust, unnecessary and calamitous enterprise ever undertaken by the Capetian monarchy."[1] On 26 June 1285, Philip the Bold entrenched himself before Gerona in an attempt to besiege it. The resistance was strong, but the city was taken on 7 September. Philip soon experienced a reversal, however, as the French camp was hit hard by an epidemic of dysentery. Philip himself was afflicted. The French retreated and were handily defeated at the Battle of the Col de Panissars. The king of France himself died at Perpignan, the capital of his ally James II of Majorca, and was buried in Narbonne. He currently lies buried with his wife Isabella of Aragon in Saint Denis Basilica in Paris.

French Monarchy

Direct Capetians

Philip III

Philip IV
Charles III, Count of Valois
Louis d'Evreux
Margaret, Queen of England
Blanche, Duchess of Austria
In the Divine Comedy, Dante sees Philip's spirit outside the gates of Purgatory with a number of other contemporary European rulers. Dante does not name Philip directly, but refers to him as "the small-nosed" and "the father of the Pest of France."

Contents

[hide]

* 1 Marriage and children
* 2 Ancestors
* 3 Ancestry
* 4 Notes
* 5 Sources
[edit] Marriage and children

On 28 May 1262, Philip married Isabella of Aragon, daughter of James I of Aragon and his second wife Yolande of Hungary, daughter of Andrew II of Hungary, and had the following children:

1. Louis (1265 – May 1276). He was poisoned, possibly by orders of his stepmother.
2. Philip IV (1268 – November 29, 1314), successor as king.
3. Robert (1269 - 1271).
4. Charles (March 12, 1270 – December 16, 1325), Count of Valois.
5. Stillborn son (1271).
After Isabella's death, he married on 21 August 1274, Marie de Brabant, daughter of Henry III of Brabant and Adelaide of Burgundy. Their children were:

1. Louis (May 1276 – May 19, 1319), Count of Évreux.
2. Blanca (1278 – March 19, 1305, Vienna), married Rudolf III of Austria on May 25, 1300.
3. Marguerite (1282 – February 14, 1317), married Edward I of England
[edit] Ancestors

[edit] Ancestry

[show]

v • d • e

Ancestors of Philip III of France

16. Louis VII of France

8. Philip II of France

17. Adèle of Champagne

4. Louis VIII of France

18. Baldwin V, Count of Hainaut

9. Isabelle of Hainaut

19. Margaret I, Countess of Flanders

2. Louis IX of France

20. Sancho III of Castile

10. Alfonso VIII of Castile

21. Blanca Garcés of Navarre

5. Blanche of Castile

22. Henry II of England

11. Leonora of England

23. Eleanor of Aquitaine

1. Philip III of France

24. Alfonso II of Aragon

12. Alfonso II, Count of Provence

25. Sancha of Castile

6. Ramon Berenguer IV, Count of Provence

26. Renier de Sabran

13. Garsenda of Forcalquier

27. Garsenda of Forcalquier

3. Marguerite of Provence

28. Humbert III, Count of Savoy

14. Thomas I, Count of Savoy

29. Beatrice of Viennois

7. Beatrice of Savoy

30. William I of Geneva

15. Marguerite of Geneva

31. Beatrix of Faucigny

[edit] Notes

1. ^ Chaytor, p 105.
[edit] Sources

* Chaytor, H. J. A History of Aragon and Catalonia. 1933.
Philip III of France

House of Capet

Born: 30 April 1245 Died: 5 October 1285

French nobility

New Creation Count of Orléans

?–25 August 1270 Merged into Crown

Regnal titles

Preceded by

Louis IX King of France

25 August 1270–5 October 1285 Succeeded by

Philip IV

[show]

v • d • e

List of French monarchs

Carolingians

(843–888, 898-922, 936-987)

Pepin (751-768) • Carloman I (768-771) • Charlemagne (768-814) • Louis I (814-840) • Charles I (843-877) • Louis II (877-879) • Louis III (879-882) • Carloman II (879-884) • Charles II (885-888) • Charles III (898-922) • Louis IV (936-954) • Lothair (954-986) • Louis V (986-987)

Robertians

(888-898, 922-936)

Odo of Paris (888-898) • Robert I (922-923) • Rudolph (923-936)

House of Capet

(987–1328)

Hugh (987–996) • Robert II (996–1031) • Henry I (1031–1060) • Philip I (1060–1108) • Louis VI (1108–1137) • Louis VII (1137–1180) • Philip II (1180–1223) • Louis VIII (1223–1226) • Louis IX (1226–1270) • Philip III (1270–1285) • Philip IV (1285–1314) • Louis X (1314–1316) • John I (1316) • Philip V (1316–1322) • Charles IV (1322–1328)

House of Valois

(1328–1498)

Philip VI (1328–1350) • John II (1350–1364) • Charles V (1364–1380) • Charles VI (1380–1422) • Charles VII (1422–1461) • Louis XI (1461–1483) • Charles VIII (1483–1498)

House of Lancaster

(1422-1453)

Henry VI of England (1422-1453)(disputed)

House of Valois-Orléans

(1498–1515)

Louis XII (1498–1515)

House of Valois-Angoulême

(1515–1589)

Francis I (1515–1547) • Henry II (1547–1559) • Francis II (1559–1560) • Charles IX (1560–1574) • Henry III (1574–1589)

House of Bourbon

(1589–1792)

Henry IV (1589–1610) • Louis XIII (1610–1643) • Louis XIV (1643–1715) • Louis XV (1715–1774) • Louis XVI (1774–1792) • Louis XVII (claimant, 1792–1795)

House of Bonaparte

First Empire (1804–1814, 1815)

Napoleon I (1804–1814, 1815) • Napoleon II (1815)

House of Bourbon

Bourbon Restoration (1814, 1815–1830)

Louis XVIII (1814–1815, 1815–1824) • Charles X (1824–1830) • Louis XIX (1830)(disputed) • Henry V (1830)(disputed)

House of Orléans

July Monarchy (1830–1848)

Louis-Philippe I (1830–1848)

House of Bonaparte

Second Empire (1852–1870)

Napoleon III (1852–1870)

Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip_III_of_France"

Categories: French monarchs | Roman Catholic monarchs | House of Capet | People of the Eighth Crusade (Christians) | 1245 births | 1285 deaths | People from Poissy

THE ROYAL ANCESTRY CONNECTION TO THE TILLINGHAST LINE

Posted by: Elton L. Powell (ID *****3093) Date: August 30, 2002 at 18:56:48

of 329
For many years there has been an effort of some of the Tillinghast descendents to find a blood connection to British

Royalty. Unfortunately for some of these they obviously found the earliest effort to make a Royal connection to King Edward III which in all cases has turned out to be WRONG. This effort had been put forth by a Dr.Wiess in a set of volumns called, "The American Genealogist", 'TAGS, if you will. The Doctor later admitted his error and stated that there was no provable connection through a Mrs Tichbourne. As I have stated in other messages, I have not found any marriage between a Tillinghast and a Tichbourne. Right now there are only some 100 messages on this Tillinghast Message board and all could be read in a reasonable length of time. Pay particular attention to these.

's 25 / 29 / 66 / 68 / 69 / 82 / 94 / 97 / & 99. I am not the expert but I can report on what I have found and I have already passed along this info to others; Mss.Debbie Richardson; Mr.Todd Lawrence; etc. And I stated on where I found it. But there IS a Tillinghast connection to the Royal
Blood of Britain and a Mss Vaughn in Britain researched it.

It goes through the wife of the 1st Pardon Tillinghast, the beer barrel maker,[cooper if you will].

Kg EDWARD I; 1239-1307 -M- Princess MARGARITTE, dau. / Kg. Philip III of France. Issue:

THOMAS de BROTHERTON, Earl of Norfolk. 1301-1338 -M- ALICE

de HALLES, dau./Sir Roger de Halles. Issue:

MARGARET PLANTEGENET, Duchess of Norfolk; -M- JOHN, 4th Baron Seagrave. Issue:

ELIZABETH SEAGRAVE, dau.& heir. -M- JOHN, 4th Baron Mowbray

Issue:

ELEANOR MOWBRAY; -M- JOHN, 5th Baron de Welles. Issue:

EDO de WELLES; -M- MAUDE de GREYSTOCK, dau./Ralph, 5th /Baron de Greystock. Issue:

SIR LIONEL de WELLES; 6th Baron de Welles, K. G.{Knight of the Garter]. -M- CECILIA,[or Joan] DAU./ROBERT WATERTON of

Methley. Issue:

ELEANOR de WELLES, -M- THOMAS, Lord Hoo, K.G./ Chancellor to France. Issue:

ANNA de HOO, dau. & co-heir; -M- Sir ROGER de COPLEY,[15th in descent from King Athelred II. Issue:

ANN COPLEY; -M- WILLIAM LUSHER, Lord of Rodsell Manor.

Issue:

GEORGE LUSHER, Gentleman, -M- Alice...........Issue:

ANNE LUSHER; -M- Sir RICHARD LECHFORD,Knight, of Shellwood Manor in Leigh, Surrey County. Issue:

SARAH LECHFORD, -M- Rev. BENJAMIN BROWNE, Vicar of Ifiel County, Sussex. Issue:

SARAH BROWNE, bn.1600- dd. ? ; -M- PARDON TILLINGHAST, yeoman and cooper of Streat, Sussez County, bn. 1601

Notice that this connection is made through Sarah Browne, the emigrant's mother. The name, Tillinghast , has not always been spelled this way. And the earliest that I have found it even in its earliest forms,[like Tyllynghrst, etc.] is about 800 AD. At a later date I will give what info I have on earlier antecedents but I never found a continual'bloodline'

in this family. [Somebody! Please go to England].

Elton.

Philip III the Bold , King of France

Reign 25 August 1270 – 5 October 1285

Coronation 30 August 1271

Successor Philip IV

Consort Isabella of Aragon

Father Louis IX of France

Mother Marguerite of Provence

Born 30 April 1245

Poissy

Died 5 October 1285 (aged 40)

Perpignan

Burial Initially Narbonne, later Saint Denis Basilica

Philip III (30 April 1245 – 5 October 1285), called the Bold (French: le Hardi), was the King of France, succeeding his father, Louis IX, and reigning from 1270 to 1285. He was a member of the House of Capet.

Born in Poissy, to Louis IX (the later Saint Louis) and Marguerite of Provence, Philip was prior to his accession Count of Orleans. He accompanied his father on the Eighth Crusade to Tunisia in 1270. His father died at Tunis and there Philip was declared king at the age of 25. Philip was indecisive, soft in nature, timid, and apparently crushed by the strong personalities of his parents and dominated by his father's policies. He was called "the Bold" on the basis of his abilities in combat and on horseback and not his character. He was pious, but not cultivated. He followed the dictates of others, first of Pierre de la Broce and then of his uncle Charles I of Sicily.

After his succession, he quickly set his uncle on negotiations with the emir to conclude the crusade, while he himself returned to France. A ten-year truce was concluded and Philip was crowned in France on 12 August 1271. On 21 August, his uncle, Alfonso, Count of Poitou, Toulouse, and Auvergne, died returning from the crusade in Italy. Philip inherited his counties and united them to the royal demesne. The portion of the Auvergne which he inherited became the "Terre royale d'Auvergne," later the Duchy of Auvergne. In accordance with Alfonso's wishes, the Comtat Venaissin was granted to the Pope Gregory X in 1274. Several years of negotiations yielded the Treaty of Amiens with Edward I of England in 1279. Thereby Philip restored to the English the Agenais which had fallen to him with the death of Alfonso. In 1284, Philip also inherited the counties of Perche and Alençon from his brother Pierre.

Philip all the while supported his uncle's policy in Italy. When, after the Sicilian Vespers of 1282, Peter III of Aragon invaded and took the island of Sicily, the pope, Martin IV, excommunicated the conqueror and declared his kingdom (put under the suzerainty of the pope by Peter II in 1205) forfeit. He granted Aragon to Charles, Count of Valois, Philip's son. Philip intervened in the Navarrese succession after the death of Henry I of Navarre and married his son, Philip the Fair, to the heiress of Navarre, Joan I.

In 1284, Philip and his sons entered Roussillon at the head of a large army. This war, called the Aragonese Crusade from its papal sanction, has been labelled "perhaps the most unjust, unnecessary and calamitous enterprise ever undertaken by the Capetian monarchy." On 26 June 1285, Philip the Bold entrenched himself before Gerona in an attempt to besiege it. The resistance was strong, but the city was taken on 7 September. Philip soon experienced a reversal, however, as the French camp was hit hard by an epidemic of dysentery. Philip himself was afflicted. The French retreated and were handily defeated at the Battle of the Col de Panissars. The king of France himself died at Perpignan, the capital of his ally James II of Majorca, and was buried in Narbonne. He currently lies buried with his wife Isabella of Aragon in Saint Denis Basilica in Paris.

On 28 May 1262, Philip married Isabella of Aragon, daughter of James I of Aragon and his second wife Yolande of Hungary, daughter of Andrew II of Hungary, and had the following children:

Louis (1265 – May 1276). He was poisoned, possibly by orders of his stepmother.

Philip IV (1268 – November 29, 1314), successor as king.

Robert (1269 - 1271).

Charles (March 12, 1270 – December 16, 1325), Count of Valois.

Stillborn son (1271).

After Isabella's death, he married on 21 August 1274, Marie de Brabant, daughter of Henry III of Brabant and Adelaide of Burgundy. Their children were:

Louis (May 1276 – May 19, 1319), Count of Évreux.

Blanche (1278 – March 19, 1305, Vienna), married Rudolf III of Austria on May 25, 1300.

Marguerite (1282 – February 14, 1317), married Edward I of England

Philip III of France

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Quick Facts:

Philip III the Bold, King of France

Reign 25 August 1270 – 5 October 1285

Coronation 30 August 1271

Predecessor Louis IX

Successor Philip IV

Spouse:

Isabella of Aragon

Maria of Brabant

Issue:

Philip IV

Charles, Count of Valois

Louis, Count of Évreux

Blanche, Duchess of Austria

Margaret, Queen of England

House:

House of Capet

Father Louis IX of France

Mother Marguerite of Provence

Born 30 April 1245(1245-04-30) Poissy

Died 5 October 1285 (aged 40) Perpignan

Burial Initially Narbonne, later Saint Denis Basilica

Details:

Philip III (30 April 1245 – 5 October 1285), called the Bold (French: le Hardi), was the King of France, succeeding his father, Louis IX, and reigning from 1270 to 1285. He was a member of the House of Capet.

Born in Poissy, to Louis IX (the later Saint Louis) and Marguerite of Provence, Philip was prior to his accession Count of Orleans. He accompanied his father on the Eighth Crusade to Tunisia in 1270. His father died at Tunis and there Philip was declared king at the age of 25. Philip was indecisive, soft in nature, timid, and apparently crushed by the strong personalities of his parents and dominated by his father's policies. He was called "the Bold" on the basis of his abilities in combat and on horseback and not his character. He was pious, but not cultivated. He followed the dictates of others, first of Pierre de la Broce and then of his uncle Charles I of Sicily.

After his succession, he quickly set his uncle on negotiations with the emir to conclude the crusade, while he himself returned to France. A ten-year truce was concluded and Philip was crowned in France on 12 August 1271. On 21 August, his uncle, Alfonso, Count of Poitou, Toulouse, and Auvergne, died returning from the crusade in Italy. Philip inherited his counties and united them to the royal demesne. The portion of the Auvergne which he inherited became the "Terre royale d'Auvergne," later the Duchy of Auvergne. In accordance with Alfonso's wishes, the Comtat Venaissin was granted to the Pope Gregory X in 1274. Several years of negotiations yielded the Treaty of Amiens with Edward I of England in 1279. Thereby Philip restored to the English the Agenais which had fallen to him with the death of Alfonso. In 1284, Philip also inherited the counties of Perche and Alençon from his brother Pierre.

Philip all the while supported his uncle's policy in Italy. When, after the Sicilian Vespers of 1282, Peter III of Aragon invaded and took the island of Sicily, the pope, Martin IV, excommunicated the conqueror and declared his kingdom (put under the suzerainty of the pope by Peter II in 1205) forfeit. He granted Aragon to Charles, Count of Valois, Philip's son. Philip intervened in the Navarrese succession after the death of Henry I of Navarre and married his son, Philip the Fair, to the heiress of Navarre, Joan I.

In 1284, Philip and his sons entered Roussillon at the head of a large army. This war, called the Aragonese Crusade from its papal sanction, has been labelled "perhaps the most unjust, unnecessary and calamitous enterprise ever undertaken by the Capetian monarchy."[1] On 26 June 1285, Philip the Bold entrenched himself before Gerona in an attempt to besiege it. The resistance was strong, but the city was taken on 7 September. Philip soon experienced a reversal, however, as the French camp was hit hard by an epidemic of dysentery. Philip himself was afflicted. The French retreated and were handily defeated at the Battle of the Col de Panissars. The king of France himself died at Perpignan, the capital of his ally James II of Majorca, and was buried in Narbonne. He currently lies buried with his wife Isabella of Aragon in Saint Denis Basilica in Paris.

Coronation of Philip III French Monarchy

Direct Capetians

Philip III

Philip IV
Charles III, Count of Valois
Louis d'Evreux
Margaret, Queen of England
Blanche, Duchess of Austria
In the Divine Comedy, Dante sees Philip's spirit outside the gates of Purgatory with a number of other contemporary European rulers. Dante does not name Philip directly, but refers to him as "the small-nosed" and "the father of the Pest of France."

Marriage and children

On 28 May 1262, Philip married Isabella of Aragon, daughter of James I of Aragon and his second wife Yolande of Hungary, daughter of Andrew II of Hungary, and had the following children:

Louis (1265 – May 1276). He was poisoned, possibly by orders of his stepmother.

Philip IV (1268 – 29 November 1314), successor as king.

Robert (1269 - 1271).

Charles (12 March 1270 – 16 December 1325), Count of Valois.

Stillborn son (1271).

After Isabella's death, he married on 21 August 1274, Marie de Brabant, daughter of Henry III of Brabant and Adelaide of Burgundy. Their children were:

Louis (May 1276 – 19 May 1319), Count of Évreux.

Blanca (1278 – 19 March 1305, Vienna), married Rudolf III of Austria on 25 May 1300.

Marguerite (1282 – 14 February 1317), married Edward I of England

Philip III (30 April 1245 – 5 October 1285), called the Bold (French: le Hardi), was the King of France, succeeding his father, Louis IX, and reigning from 1270 to 1285. He was a member of the House of Capet.

Born in Poissy, to Louis IX (the later Saint Louis) and Marguerite of Provence, Philip was prior to his accession Count of Orleans. He accompanied his father on the Eighth Crusade to Tunisia in 1270. His father died at Tunis and there Philip was declared king at the age of 25. Philip was indecisive, soft in nature, timid, and apparently crushed by the strong personalities of his parents and dominated by his father's policies. He was called "the Bold" on the basis of his abilities in combat and on horseback and not his character. He was pious, but not cultivated. He followed the dictates of others, first of Pierre de la Broce and then of his uncle Charles I of Sicily.

After his succession, he quickly set his uncle on negotiations with the emir to conclude the crusade, while he himself returned to France. A ten-year truce was concluded and Philip was crowned in France on 12 August 1271. On 21 August, his uncle, Alfonso, Count of Poitou, Toulouse, and Auvergne, died returning from the crusade in Italy. Philip inherited his counties and united them to the royal demesne. The portion of the Auvergne which he inherited became the "Terre royale d'Auvergne," later the Duchy of Auvergne. In accordance with Alfonso's wishes, the Comtat Venaissin was granted to the Pope Gregory X in 1274. Several years of negotiations yielded the Treaty of Amiens with Edward I of England in 1279. Thereby Philip restored to the English the Agenais which had fallen to him with the death of Alfonso. In 1284, Philip also inherited the counties of Perche and Alençon from his brother Pierre.

Philip all the while supported his uncle's policy in Italy. When, after the Sicilian Vespers of 1282, Peter III of Aragon invaded and took the island of Sicily, the pope, Martin IV, excommunicated the conqueror and declared his kingdom (put under the suzerainty of the pope by Peter II in 1205) forfeit. He granted Aragon to Charles, Count of Valois, Philip's son. Philip intervened in the Navarrese succession after the death of Henry I of Navarre and married his son, Philip the Fair, to the heiress of Navarre, Joan I.

In 1284, Philip and his sons entered Roussillon at the head of a large army. This war, called the Aragonese Crusade from its papal sanction, has been labelled "perhaps the most unjust, unnecessary and calamitous enterprise ever undertaken by the Capetian monarchy."On 26 June 1285, Philip the Bold entrenched himself before Gerona in an attempt to besiege it. The resistance was strong, but the city was taken on 7 September. Philip soon experienced a reversal, however, as the French camp was hit hard by an epidemic of dysentery. Philip himself was afflicted. The French retreated and were handily defeated at the Battle of the Col de Panissars. The king of France himself died at Perpignan, the capital of his ally James II of Majorca, and was buried in Narbonne. He currently lies buried with his wife Isabella of Aragon in Saint Denis Basilica in Paris.

In the Divine Comedy, Dante sees Philip's spirit outside the gates of Purgatory with a number of other contemporary European rulers. Dante does not name Philip directly, but refers to him as "the small-nosed" and "the father of the Pest of France."

Philip III (30 April 1245 – 5 October 1285), called the Bold (French: le Hardi), was the King of France, succeeding his father, Louis IX, and reigning from 1270 to 1285. He was a member of the House of Capet.

Born in Poissy, to Louis IX (the later Saint Louis) and Marguerite of Provence, Philip was prior to his accession Count of Orleans. He accompanied his father on the Eighth Crusade to Tunisia in 1270. His father died at Tunis and there Philip was declared king at the age of 25. Philip was indecisive, soft in nature, timid, and apparently crushed by the strong personalities of his parents and dominated by his father's policies. He was called "the Bold" on the basis of his abilities in combat and on horseback and not his character. He was pious, but not cultivated. He followed the dictates of others, first of Pierre de la Broce and then of his uncle Charles I of Sicily.

After his succession, he quickly set his uncle on negotiations with the emir to conclude the crusade, while he himself returned to France. A ten-year truce was concluded and Philip was crowned in France on 12 August 1271. On 21 August, his uncle, Alfonso, Count of Poitou, Toulouse, and Auvergne, died returning from the crusade in Italy. Philip inherited his counties and united them to the royal demesne. The portion of the Auvergne which he inherited became the "Terre royale d'Auvergne," later the Duchy of Auvergne. In accordance with Alfonso's wishes, the Comtat Venaissin was granted to the Pope Gregory X in 1274. Several years of negotiations yielded the Treaty of Amiens with Edward I of England in 1279. Thereby Philip restored to the English the Agenais which had fallen to him with the death of Alfonso. In 1284, Philip also inherited the counties of Perche and Alençon from his brother Pierre.

Philip all the while supported his uncle's policy in Italy. When, after the Sicilian Vespers of 1282, Peter III of Aragon invaded and took the island of Sicily, the pope, Martin IV, excommunicated the conqueror and declared his kingdom (put under the suzerainty of the pope by Peter II in 1205) forfeit. He granted Aragon to Charles, Count of Valois, Philip's son. Philip intervened in the Navarrese succession after the death of Henry I of Navarre and married his son, Philip the Fair, to the heiress of Navarre, Joan I.

In 1284, Philip and his sons entered Roussillon at the head of a large army. This war, called the Aragonese Crusade from its papal sanction, has been labelled "perhaps the most unjust, unnecessary and calamitous enterprise ever undertaken by the Capetian monarchy."[1] On 26 June 1285, Philip the Bold entrenched himself before Gerona in an attempt to besiege it. The resistance was strong, but the city was taken on 7 September. Philip soon experienced a reversal, however, as the French camp was hit hard by an epidemic of dysentery. Philip himself was afflicted. The French retreated and were handily defeated at the Battle of the Col de Panissars. The king of France himself died at Perpignan, the capital of his ally James II of Majorca, and was buried in Narbonne. He currently lies buried with his wife Isabella of Aragon in Saint Denis Basilica in Paris.

French Monarchy

Direct Capetians

Philip III

Philip IV
Charles III, Count of Valois
Louis d'Evreux
Margaret, Queen of England
Blanche, Duchess of Austria
In the Divine Comedy, Dante sees Philip's spirit outside the gates of Purgatory with a number of other contemporary European rulers. Dante does not name Philip directly, but refers to him as "the small-nosed" and "the father of the Pest of France."

Contents [hide]

1 Marriage and children

2 Ancestors

3 Ancestry

4 Notes

5 Sources

[edit] Marriage and children

On 28 May 1262, Philip married Isabella of Aragon, daughter of James I of Aragon and his second wife Yolande of Hungary, daughter of Andrew II of Hungary, and had the following children:

Louis (1265 – May 1276). He was poisoned, possibly by orders of his stepmother.

Philip IV (1268 – November 29, 1314), successor as king.

Robert (1269 - 1271).

Charles (March 12, 1270 – December 16, 1325), Count of Valois.

Stillborn son (1271).

After Isabella's death, he married on 21 August 1274, Marie de Brabant, daughter of Henry III of Brabant and Adelaide of Burgundy. Their children were:

Louis (May 1276 – May 19, 1319), Count of Évreux.

Blanca (1278 – March 19, 1305, Vienna), married Rudolf III of Austria on May 25, 1300.

Marguerite (1282 – February 14, 1317), married Edward I of England

Philip III (30 April 1245 – 5 October 1285), called the Bold (French: le Hardi), was the King of France, succeeding his father, Louis IX, and reigning from 1270 to 1285. He was a member of the House of Capet.

Contents

[hide]

* 1 Biography
* 2 Marriage and children
* 3 Ancestry
* 4 Notes
* 5 Sources
[edit] Biography

Born in Poissy, to Louis IX (the later Saint Louis) and Margaret of Provence, Philip was prior to his accession Count of Orleans. He accompanied his father on the Eighth Crusade to Tunisia in 1270. His father died at Tunis and there Philip was declared king at the age of 25. Philip was indecisive, soft in nature, timid, and apparently crushed by the strong personalities of his parents and dominated by his father's policies. He was called "the Bold" on the basis of his abilities in combat and on horseback and not his character. He was pious, but not cultivated. He followed the dictates of others, first of Pierre de la Broce and then of his uncle Charles I of Sicily.

Coronation of Philip III.

After his succession, he quickly set his uncle on negotiations with the emir to conclude the crusade, while he himself returned to France. A ten-year truce was concluded and Philip was crowned in France on 12 August 1271. On 21 August, his uncle, Alfonso, Count of Poitou, Toulouse, and Auvergne, died returning from the crusade in Italy. Philip inherited his counties and united them to the royal demesne. The portion of the Auvergne which he inherited became the "Terre royale d'Auvergne," later the Duchy of Auvergne. In accordance with Alfonso's wishes, the Comtat Venaissin was granted to the Pope Gregory X in 1274. Several years of negotiations yielded the Treaty of Amiens with Edward I of England in 1279. Thereby Philip restored to the English the Agenais which had fallen to him with the death of Alfonso. In 1284, Philip also inherited the counties of Perche and Alençon from his brother Pierre.

Philip all the while supported his uncle's policy in Italy. When, after the Sicilian Vespers of 1282, Peter III of Aragon invaded and took the island of Sicily, pope Martin IV excommunicated the conqueror and declared his kingdom (put under the suzerainty of the pope by Peter II in 1205) forfeit. He granted Aragon to Charles, Count of Valois, Philip's son. Philip intervened in the Navarrese succession after the death of Henry I of Navarre and married his son, Philip the Fair, to the heiress of Navarre, Joan I.

In 1284, Philip and his sons entered Roussillon at the head of a large army. This war, called the Aragonese Crusade from its papal sanction, has been labelled "perhaps the most unjust, unnecessary and calamitous enterprise ever undertaken by the Capetian monarchy."[1] On 26 June 1285, Philip the Bold entrenched himself before Gerona in an attempt to besiege it. The resistance was strong, but the city was taken on 7 September. Philip soon experienced a reversal, however, as the French camp was hit hard by an epidemic of dysentery. Philip himself was afflicted. The French retreated and were handily defeated at the Battle of the Col de Panissars. The king of France himself died at Perpignan, the capital of his ally James II of Majorca, and was buried in Narbonne. He currently lies buried with his wife Isabella of Aragon in Saint Denis Basilica in Paris.

French Monarchy

Direct Capetians

France Ancient.svg

Philip III

Philip IV
Charles III, Count of Valois
Louis d'Evreux
Margaret, Queen of England
Blanche, Duchess of Austria
In the Divine Comedy, Dante sees Philip's spirit outside the gates of Purgatory with a number of other contemporary European rulers. Dante does not name Philip directly, but refers to him as "the small-nosed" and "the father of the Pest of France."

[edit] Marriage and children

Philip with Marie

On 28 May 1262, Philip married Isabella of Aragon, daughter of James I of Aragon and his second wife Yolande of Hungary, daughter of Andrew II of Hungary, and had the following children:

1. Louis (1265 – May 1276). He was poisoned, possibly by orders of his stepmother.
2. Philip IV (1268 – 29 November 1314), successor as king.
3. Robert (1269 - 1271).
4. Charles (12 March 1270 – 16 December 1325), Count of Valois.
5. Stillborn son (1271).
After Isabella's death, he married on 21 August 1274, Maria of Brabant, daughter of Henry III of Brabant and Adelaide of Burgundy. Their children were:

1. Louis (May 1276 – 19 May 1319), Count of Évreux.
2. Blanche (1278 – 19 March 1305, Vienna), married Rudolf III of Austria on 25 May 1300.
3. Margaret (1282 – 14 February 1317), married Edward I of England
[edit] Ancestry

[show]

v • d • e

Ancestors of Philip III of France

16. Louis VII of France

8. Philip II of France

17. Adèle of Champagne

4. Louis VIII of France

18. Baldwin V, Count of Hainaut

9. Isabelle of Hainaut

19. Margaret I, Countess of Flanders

2. Louis IX of France

20. Sancho III of Castile

10. Alfonso VIII of Castile

21. Blanca Garcés of Navarre

5. Blanche of Castile

22. Henry II of England

11. Eleanor of England

23. Eleanor of Aquitaine

1. Philip III of France

24. Alfonso II of Aragon

12. Alfonso II, Count of Provence

25. Sancha of Castile

6. Ramon Berenguer IV, Count of Provence

26. Renier de Sabran

13. Garsenda of Forcalquier

27. Garsenda of Forcalquier

3. Margaret of Provence

28. Humbert III, Count of Savoy

14. Thomas I, Count of Savoy

29. Beatrice of Viennois

7. Beatrice of Savoy

30. William I of Geneva

15. Marguerite of Geneva

31. Beatrix of Faucigny

[edit] Notes

1. ^ Chaytor, p 105.
[edit] Sources

* Chaytor, H. J. A History of Aragon and Catalonia. 1933.
Philip III (30 April 1245 – 5 October 1285), called the Bold (French: le Hardi), was the King of France, succeeding his father, Louis IX, and reigning from 1270 to 1285. He was a member of the House of Capet.

Born in Poissy, to Louis IX (the later Saint Louis) and Marguerite of Provence, Philip was prior to his accession Count of Orleans. He accompanied his father on the Eighth Crusade to Tunisia in 1270. His father died at Tunis and there Philip was declared king at the age of 25. Philip was indecisive, soft in nature, timid, and apparently crushed by the strong personalities of his parents and dominated by his father's policies. He was called "the Bold" on the basis of his abilities in combat and on horseback and not his character. He was pious, but not cultivated. He followed the dictates of others, first of Pierre de la Broce and then of his uncle Charles I of Sicily.

After his succession, he quickly set his uncle on negotiations with the emir to conclude the crusade, while he himself returned to France. A ten-year truce was concluded and Philip was crowned in France on 12 August 1271. On 21 August, his uncle, Alfonso, Count of Poitou, Toulouse, and Auvergne, died returning from the crusade in Italy. Philip inherited his counties and united them to the royal demesne. The portion of the Auvergne which he inherited became the "Terre royale d'Auvergne," later the Duchy of Auvergne. In accordance with Alfonso's wishes, the Comtat Venaissin was granted to the Pope Gregory X in 1274. Several years of negotiations yielded the Treaty of Amiens with Edward I of England in 1279. Thereby Philip restored to the English the Agenais which had fallen to him with the death of Alfonso. In 1284, Philip also inherited the counties of Perche and Alençon from his brother Pierre.

Philip all the while supported his uncle's policy in Italy. When, after the Sicilian Vespers of 1282, Peter III of Aragon invaded and took the island of Sicily, the pope, Martin IV, excommunicated the conqueror and declared his kingdom (put under the suzerainty of the pope by Peter II in 1205) forfeit. He granted Aragon to Charles, Count of Valois, Philip's son. Philip intervened in the Navarrese succession after the death of Henry I of Navarre and married his son, Philip the Fair, to the heiress of Navarre, Joan I.

In 1284, Philip and his sons entered Roussillon at the head of a large army. This war, called the Aragonese Crusade from its papal sanction, has been labelled "perhaps the most unjust, unnecessary and calamitous enterprise ever undertaken by the Capetian monarchy."[1] On 26 June 1285, Philip the Bold entrenched himself before Gerona in an attempt to besiege it. The resistance was strong, but the city was taken on 7 September. Philip soon experienced a reversal, however, as the French camp was hit hard by an epidemic of dysentery. Philip himself was afflicted. The French retreated and were handily defeated at the Battle of the Col de Panissars. The king of France himself died at Perpignan, the capital of his ally James II of Majorca, and was buried in Narbonne. He currently lies buried with his wife Isabella of Aragon in Saint Denis Basilica in Paris.

French Monarchy

Direct Capetians

Philip III

Philip IV
Charles III, Count of Valois
Louis d'Evreux
Margaret, Queen of England
In the Divine Comedy, Dante sees Philip's spirit outside the gates of Purgatory with a number of other contemporary European rulers. Dante does not name Philip directly, but refers to him as "the small-nosed" and "the father of the Pest of France."

[edit] Marriage and children

On 28 May 1262, Philip married Isabella of Aragon, daughter of James I of Aragon and his second wife Yolande of Hungary, daughter of Andrew II of Hungary, and had the following children:

Louis (1266 – May 1276)

Philip IV (1268 – November 29, 1314), successor as king

Charles (March 12, 1270 – December 16, 1325), Count of Valois

After Isabella's death, he married on 21 August 1274, Marie de Brabant, daughter of Henry III of Brabant and Adelaide of Burgundy. Their children were:

Louis (May 1276 – May 19, 1319), Count of Évreux

Blanche (1278 – March 19, 1305, Vienna), married Rudolf III of Austria on May 25, 1300

Margaret (1282 – February 14, 1317), married Edward I of England

Philip III (30 April 1245 – 5 October 1285), called the Bold (French: le Hardi), was the King of France, succeeding his father, Louis IX, and reigning from 1270 to 1285. He was a member of the House of Capet.

Born in Poissy, to Louis IX (the later Saint Louis) and Marguerite of Provence, Philip was prior to his accession Count of Orleans. He accompanied his father on the Eighth Crusade to Tunisia in 1270. His father died at Tunis and there Philip was declared king at the age of 25. Philip was indecisive, soft in nature, timid, and apparently crushed by the strong personalities of his parents and dominated by his father's policies. He was called "the Bold" on the basis of his abilities in combat and on horseback and not his character. He was pious, but not cultivated. He followed the dictates of others, first of Pierre de la Broce and then of his uncle Charles I of Sicily.

After his succession, he quickly set his uncle on negotiations with the emir to conclude the crusade, while he himself returned to France. A ten-year truce was concluded and Philip was crowned in France on 12 August 1271. On 21 August, his uncle, Alfonso, Count of Poitou, Toulouse, and Auvergne, died returning from the crusade in Italy. Philip inherited his counties and united them to the royal demesne. The portion of the Auvergne which he inherited became the "Terre royale d'Auvergne," later the Duchy of Auvergne. In accordance with Alfonso's wishes, the Comtat Venaissin was granted to the Pope Gregory X in 1274. Several years of negotiations yielded the Treaty of Amiens with Edward I of England in 1279. Thereby Philip restored to the English the Agenais which had fallen to him with the death of Alfonso. In 1284, Philip also inherited the counties of Perche and Alençon from his brother Pierre.

Philip all the while supported his uncle's policy in Italy. When, after the Sicilian Vespers of 1282, Peter III of Aragon invaded and took the island of Sicily, the pope, Martin IV, excommunicated the conqueror and declared his kingdom (put under the suzerainty of the pope by Peter II in 1205) forfeit. He granted Aragon to Charles, Count of Valois, Philip's son. Philip intervened in the Navarrese succession after the death of Henry I of Navarre and married his son, Philip the Fair, to the heiress of Navarre, Joan I.

In 1284, Philip and his sons entered Roussillon at the head of a large army. This war, called the Aragonese Crusade from its papal sanction, has been labelled "perhaps the most unjust, unnecessary and calamitous enterprise ever undertaken by the Capetian monarchy."[1] On 26 June 1285, Philip the Bold entrenched himself before Gerona in an attempt to besiege it. The resistance was strong, but the city was taken on 7 September. Philip soon experienced a reversal, however, as the French camp was hit hard by an epidemic of dysentery. Philip himself was afflicted. The French retreated and were handily defeated at the Battle of the Col de Panissars. The king of France himself died at Perpignan, the capital of his ally James II of Majorca, and was buried in Narbonne. He currently lies buried with his wife Isabella of Aragon in Saint Denis Basilica in Paris.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip_III_of_France

Philip III of France,called the Bold (French: Philippe III le Hardi) (30 April 1245 – 5 October 1285), reigned as King of France from 1270 to 1285. A member of the House of Capet, he was born in Poissy, the son of Louis IX of France and of Marguerite of Provence.

He accompanied his father on the Eighth Crusade to Tunisia in 1270. His father died at Tunis and there Philip was declared king at the age of 25. Philip was indecisive, soft in nature, timid, and apparently crushed by the strong personalities of his parents and dominated by his father's policies. He was called "the Bold" on the basis of his abilities in combat and on horseback and not his character. He was pious, but not cultivated. He followed the dictates of others, first of Pierre de la Broce and then of his uncle Charles I of Sicily.

After his succession, he quickly set his uncle on negotiations with the emir to conclude the crusade, while he himself returned to France. A ten-year truce was concluded and Philip was crowned in France on 12 August 1271. On 21 August, his uncle, Alfonso, Count of Poitou, Toulouse, and Auvergne, died returning from the crusade in Italy. Philip inherited his counties and united them to the royal demesne. The portion of the Auvergne which he inherited became the "Terre royale d'Auvergne," later the Duchy of Auvergne. In accordance with Alfonso's wishes, the Comtat Venaissin was granted to the Pope Gregory X in 1274. Several years of negotiations yielded the Treaty of Amiens with Edward I of England in 1279. Thereby Philip restored to the English the Agenais which had fallen to him with the death of Alfonso. In 1284, Philip also inherited the counties of Perche and Alençon from his brother Pierre.

Philip all the while supported his uncle's policy in Italy. When, after the Sicilian Vespers of 1282, Peter III of Aragon invaded and took the island of Sicily, the pope, Martin IV, excommunicated the conqueror and declared his kingdom (put under the suzerainty of the pope by Peter II in 1205) forfeit. He granted Aragon to Charles, Count of Valois, Philip's son. Philip intervened in the Navarrese succession after the death of Henry I of Navarre and married his son, Philip the Fair, to the heiress of Navarre, Joan I.

In 1284, Philip and his sons entered Roussillon at the head of a large army. This war, called the Aragonese Crusade from its papal sanction, has been labelled "perhaps the most unjust, unnecessary and calamitous enterprise ever undertaken by the Capetian monarchy."[1] On 26 June 1285, Philip the Bold entrenched himself before Gerona in an attempt to besiege it. The resistance was strong, but the city was taken on 7 September. Philip soon experienced a reversal, however, as the French camp was hit hard by an epidemic of dysentery. Philip himself was afflicted. The French retreated and were handily defeated at the Battle of the Col de Panissars. The king of France himself died at Perpignan, the capital of his ally James II of Majorca, and was buried in Narbonne. He currently lies buried with his wife Isabella of Aragon in Saint Denis Basilica in Paris.

French Monarchy

Direct Capetians

Philip III

Philip IV
Charles III, Count of Valois
Louis d'Evreux
Margaret, Queen of England
In the Divine Comedy, Dante sees Philip's spirit outside the gates of Purgatory with a number of other contemporary European rulers. Dante does not name Philip directly, but refers to him as "the small-nosed" and "the father of the Pest of France."

[edit] Marriage and children

On 28 May 1262, Philip married Isabella of Aragon, daughter of James I of Aragon and his second wife Yolande of Hungary, daughter of Andrew II of Hungary, and had the following children:

1. Louis (1266 – May 1276)
2. Philip IV (1268 – November 29, 1314), successor as king
3. Charles (March 12, 1270 – December 16, 1325), Count of Valois
After Isabella's death, he married on 21 August 1274, Marie de Brabant, daughter of Henry III of Brabant and Adelaide of Burgundy. Their children were:

1. Louis (May 1276 – May 19, 1319), Count of Évreux
2. Blanche (1278 – March 19, 1305, Vienna), married Rudolf III of Austria on May 25, 1300
3. Margaret (1282 – February 14, 1317), married Edward I of England
King of France

Philip III (30 April 1245 – 5 October 1285), called the Bold (French: le Hardi), was the King of France, succeeding his father, Louis IX, and reigning from 1270 to 1285. He was a member of the House of Capet.

Born in Poissy, to Louis IX (the later Saint Louis) and Marguerite of Provence, Philip was prior to his accession Count of Orleans. He accompanied his father on the Eighth Crusade to Tunisia in 1270. His father died at Tunis and there Philip was declared king at the age of 25. Philip was indecisive, soft in nature, timid, and apparently crushed by the strong personalities of his parents and dominated by his father's policies. He was called "the Bold" on the basis of his abilities in combat and on horseback and not his character. He was pious, but not cultivated. He followed the dictates of others, first of Pierre de la Broce and then of his uncle Charles I of Sicily.

After his succession, he quickly set his uncle on negotiations with the emir to conclude the crusade, while he himself returned to France. A ten-year truce was concluded and Philip was crowned in France on 12 August 1271. On 21 August, his uncle, Alfonso, Count of Poitou, Toulouse, and Auvergne, died returning from the crusade in Italy. Philip inherited his counties and united them to the royal demesne. The portion of the Auvergne which he inherited became the "Terre royale d'Auvergne," later the Duchy of Auvergne. In accordance with Alfonso's wishes, the Comtat Venaissin was granted to the Pope Gregory X in 1274. Several years of negotiations yielded the Treaty of Amiens with Edward I of England in 1279. Thereby Philip restored to the English the Agenais which had fallen to him with the death of Alfonso. In 1284, Philip also inherited the counties of Perche and Alençon from his brother Pierre.

Philip all the while supported his uncle's policy in Italy. When, after the Sicilian Vespers of 1282, Peter III of Aragon invaded and took the island of Sicily, the pope, Martin IV, excommunicated the conqueror and declared his kingdom (put under the suzerainty of the pope by Peter II in 1205) forfeit. He granted Aragon to Charles, Count of Valois, Philip's son. Philip intervened in the Navarrese succession after the death of Henry I of Navarre and married his son, Philip the Fair, to the heiress of Navarre, Joan I.

In 1284, Philip and his sons entered Roussillon at the head of a large army. This war, called the Aragonese Crusade from its papal sanction, has been labelled "perhaps the most unjust, unnecessary and calamitous enterprise ever undertaken by the Capetian monarchy."[1] On 26 June 1285, Philip the Bold entrenched himself before Gerona in an attempt to besiege it. The resistance was strong, but the city was taken on 7 September. Philip soon experienced a reversal, however, as the French camp was hit hard by an epidemic of dysentery. Philip himself was afflicted. The French retreated and were handily defeated at the Battle of the Col de Panissars. The king of France himself died at Perpignan, the capital of his ally James II of Majorca, and was buried in Narbonne. He currently lies buried with his wife Isabella of Aragon in Saint Denis Basilica in Paris.

In the Divine Comedy, Dante sees Philip's spirit outside the gates of Purgatory with a number of other contemporary European rulers. Dante does not name Philip directly, but refers to him as "the small-nosed" and "the father of the Pest of France."

Marriage and children

On 28 May 1262, Philip married Isabella of Aragon, daughter of James I of Aragon and his second wife Yolande of Hungary, daughter of Andrew II of Hungary, and had the following children:

Louis (1265 – May 1276). He was poisoned, possibly by orders of his stepmother.

Philip IV (1268 – November 29, 1314), successor as king.

Robert (1269 - 1271).

Charles (March 12, 1270 – December 16, 1325), Count of Valois.

Stillborn son (1271).

After Isabella's death, he married on 21 August 1274, Marie de Brabant, daughter of Henry III of Brabant and Adelaide of Burgundy. Their children were:

Louis (May 1276 – May 19, 1319), Count of Évreux.

Blanca (1278 – March 19, 1305, Vienna), married Rudolf III of Austria on May 25, 1300.

Marguerite (1282 – February 14, 1317), married Edward I of England

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip_III_of_France

Philip III (30 April 1245 – 5 October 1285), called the Bold (French: le Hardi), was the King of France, succeeding his father, Louis IX, and reigning from 1270 to 1285. He was a member of the House of Capet.

Born in Poissy, to Louis IX (the later Saint Louis) and Marguerite of Provence, Philip was prior to his accession Count of Orleans. He accompanied his father on the Eighth Crusade to Tunisia in 1270. His father died at Tunis and there Philip was declared king at the age of 25. Philip was indecisive, soft in nature, timid, and apparently crushed by the strong personalities of his parents and dominated by his father's policies. He was called "the Bold" on the basis of his abilities in combat and on horseback and not his character. He was pious, but not cultivated. He followed the dictates of others, first of Pierre de la Broce and then of his uncle Charles I of Sicily.

After his succession, he quickly set his uncle on negotiations with the emir to conclude the crusade, while he himself returned to France. A ten-year truce was concluded and Philip was crowned in France on 12 August 1271. On 21 August, his uncle, Alfonso, Count of Poitou, Toulouse, and Auvergne, died returning from the crusade in Italy. Philip inherited his counties and united them to the royal demesne. The portion of the Auvergne which he inherited became the "Terre royale d'Auvergne," later the Duchy of Auvergne. In accordance with Alfonso's wishes, the Comtat Venaissin was granted to the Pope Gregory X in 1274. Several years of negotiations yielded the Treaty of Amiens with Edward I of England in 1279. Thereby Philip restored to the English the Agenais which had fallen to him with the death of Alfonso. In 1284, Philip also inherited the counties of Perche and Alençon from his brother Pierre.

Philip all the while supported his uncle's policy in Italy. When, after the Sicilian Vespers of 1282, Peter III of Aragon invaded and took the island of Sicily, the pope, Martin IV, excommunicated the conqueror and declared his kingdom (put under the suzerainty of the pope by Peter II in 1205) forfeit. He granted Aragon to Charles, Count of Valois, Philip's son. Philip intervened in the Navarrese succession after the death of Henry I of Navarre and married his son, Philip the Fair, to the heiress of Navarre, Joan I.

In 1284, Philip and his sons entered Roussillon at the head of a large army. This war, called the Aragonese Crusade from its papal sanction, has been labelled "perhaps the most unjust, unnecessary and calamitous enterprise ever undertaken by the Capetian monarchy."[1] On 26 June 1285, Philip the Bold entrenched himself before Gerona in an attempt to besiege it. The resistance was strong, but the city was taken on 7 September. Philip soon experienced a reversal, however, as the French camp was hit hard by an epidemic of dysentery. Philip himself was afflicted. The French retreated and were handily defeated at the Battle of the Col de Panissars. The king of France himself died at Perpignan, the capital of his ally James II of Majorca, and was buried in Narbonne. He currently lies buried with his wife Isabella of Aragon in Saint Denis Basilica in Paris.

French Monarchy

Direct Capetians

Philip III

Philip IV
Charles III, Count of Valois
Louis d'Evreux
Margaret, Queen of England
Blanche, Duchess of Austria
In the Divine Comedy, Dante sees Philip's spirit outside the gates of Purgatory with a number of other contemporary European rulers. Dante does not name Philip directly, but refers to him as "the small-nosed" and "the father of the Pest of France."

Contents [hide]

1 Marriage and children

2 Ancestors

3 Ancestry

4 Notes

5 Sources

[edit] Marriage and children

On 28 May 1262, Philip married Isabella of Aragon, daughter of James I of Aragon and his second wife Yolande of Hungary, daughter of Andrew II of Hungary, and had the following children:

Louis (1265 – May 1276). He was poisoned, possibly by orders of his stepmother.

Philip IV (1268 – November 29, 1314), successor as king.

Robert (1269 - 1271).

Charles (March 12, 1270 – December 16, 1325), Count of Valois.

Stillborn son (1271).

After Isabella's death, he married on 21 August 1274, Marie de Brabant, daughter of Henry III of Brabant and Adelaide of Burgundy. Their children were:

Louis (May 1276 – May 19, 1319), Count of Évreux.

Blanca (1278 – March 19, 1305, Vienna), married Rudolf III of Austria on May 25, 1300.

Marguerite (1282 – February 14, 1317), married Edward I of England

[edit] Ancestors

[edit] Ancestry

[show]v • d • eAncestors of Philip III of France

16. Louis VII of France
8. Philip II of France
17. Adèle of Champagne
4. Louis VIII of France
18. Baldwin V, Count of Hainaut
9. Isabelle of Hainaut
19. Margaret I, Countess of Flanders
2. Louis IX of France
20. Sancho III of Castile
10. Alfonso VIII of Castile
21. Blanca Garcés of Navarre
5. Blanche of Castile
22. Henry II of England
11. Leonora of England
23. Eleanor of Aquitaine
1. Philip III of France
24. Alfonso II of Aragon
12. Alfonso II, Count of Provence
25. Sancha of Castile
6. Ramon Berenguer IV, Count of Provence
26. Renier de Sabran
13. Garsenda of Forcalquier
27. Garsenda of Forcalquier
3. Marguerite of Provence
28. Humbert III, Count of Savoy
14. Thomas I, Count of Savoy
29. Beatrice of Viennois
7. Beatrice of Savoy
30. William I of Geneva
15. Marguerite of Geneva
31. Beatrix of Faucigny
[edit] Notes

^ Chaytor, p 105.

[edit] Sources

Chaytor, H. J. A History of Aragon and Catalonia. 1933.

Philip III of France

House of Capet

Born: 30 April 1245 Died: 5 October 1285

French nobility

New Creation Count of Orléans

?–25 August 1270 Merged into Crown

Regnal titles

Preceded by

Louis IX King of France

25 August 1270–5 October 1285 Succeeded by

Philip IV

Philip III (30 April 1245 – 5 October 1285), called the Bold (French: le Hardi), was the King of France, succeeding his father, Louis IX, and reigning from 1270 to 1285. He was a member of the House of Capet.

Contents [hide]

1 Biography

2 Marriage and children

3 Ancestry

4 Notes

5 Sources

[edit] Biography

Born in Poissy, to Louis IX (the later Saint Louis) and Margaret of Provence, Philip was prior to his accession Count of Orleans. He accompanied his father on the Eighth Crusade to Tunisia in 1270. His father died at Tunis and there Philip was declared king at the age of 25. Philip was indecisive, soft in nature, timid, and apparently crushed by the strong personalities of his parents and dominated by his father's policies. He was called "the Bold" on the basis of his abilities in combat and on horseback and not his character. He was pious, but not cultivated. He followed the dictates of others, first of Pierre de la Broce and then of his uncle Charles I of Sicily.

Coronation of Philip III.After his succession, he quickly set his uncle on negotiations with the emir to conclude the crusade, while he himself returned to France. A ten-year truce was concluded and Philip was crowned in France on 12 August 1271. On 21 August, his uncle, Alfonso, Count of Poitou, Toulouse, and Auvergne, died returning from the crusade in Italy. Philip inherited his counties and united them to the royal demesne. The portion of the Auvergne which he inherited became the "Terre royale d'Auvergne," later the Duchy of Auvergne. In accordance with Alfonso's wishes, the Comtat Venaissin was granted to the Pope Gregory X in 1274. Several years of negotiations yielded the Treaty of Amiens with Edward I of England in 1279. Thereby Philip restored to the English the Agenais which had fallen to him with the death of Alfonso. In 1284, Philip also inherited the counties of Perche and Alençon from his brother Pierre.

Philip all the while supported his uncle's policy in Italy. When, after the Sicilian Vespers of 1282, Peter III of Aragon invaded and took the island of Sicily, pope Martin IV excommunicated the conqueror and declared his kingdom (put under the suzerainty of the pope by Peter II in 1205) forfeit. He granted Aragon to Charles, Count of Valois, Philip's son. Philip intervened in the Navarrese succession after the death of Henry I of Navarre and married his son, Philip the Fair, to the heiress of Navarre, Joan I.

In 1284, Philip and his sons entered Roussillon at the head of a large army. This war, called the Aragonese Crusade from its papal sanction, has been labelled "perhaps the most unjust, unnecessary and calamitous enterprise ever undertaken by the Capetian monarchy."[1] On 26 June 1285, Philip the Bold entrenched himself before Gerona in an attempt to besiege it. The resistance was strong, but the city was taken on 7 September. Philip soon experienced a reversal, however, as the French camp was hit hard by an epidemic of dysentery. Philip himself was afflicted. The French retreated and were handily defeated at the Battle of the Col de Panissars. The king of France himself died at Perpignan, the capital of his ally James II of Majorca, and was buried in Narbonne. He currently lies buried with his wife Isabella of Aragon in Saint Denis Basilica in Paris.

French Monarchy

Direct Capetians

Philip III

Philip IV
Charles III, Count of Valois
Louis d'Evreux
Margaret, Queen of England
Blanche, Duchess of Austria
In the Divine Comedy, Dante sees Philip's spirit outside the gates of Purgatory with a number of other contemporary European rulers. Dante does not name Philip directly, but refers to him as "the small-nosed" and "the father of the Pest of France."

[edit] Marriage and children

Philip with MarieOn 28 May 1262, Philip married Isabella of Aragon, daughter of James I of Aragon and his second wife Yolande of Hungary, daughter of Andrew II of Hungary, and had the following children:

1.Louis (1265 – May 1276). He was poisoned, possibly by orders of his stepmother.

2.Philip IV (1268 – 29 November 1314), successor as king.

3.Robert (1269 - 1271).

4.Charles (12 March 1270 – 16 December 1325), Count of Valois.

5.Stillborn son (1271).

After Isabella's death, he married on 21 August 1274, Maria of Brabant, daughter of Henry III of Brabant and Adelaide of Burgundy. Their children were:

1.Louis (May 1276 – 19 May 1319), Count of Évreux.

2.Blanche (1278 – 19 March 1305, Vienna), married Rudolf III of Austria on 25 May 1300.

3.Margaret (1282 – 14 February 1317), married Edward I of England

[edit] Ancestry

[show]v • d • eAncestors of Philip III of France

16. Louis VII of France
8. Philip II of France
17. Adèle of Champagne
4. Louis VIII of France
18. Baldwin V, Count of Hainaut
9. Isabelle of Hainaut
19. Margaret I, Countess of Flanders
2. Louis IX of France
20. Sancho III of Castile
10. Alfonso VIII of Castile
21. Blanca Garcés of Navarre
5. Blanche of Castile
22. Henry II of England
11. Eleanor of England
23. Eleanor of Aquitaine
1. Philip III of France
24. Alfonso II of Aragon
12. Alfonso II, Count of Provence
25. Sancha of Castile
6. Ramon Berenguer IV, Count of Provence
26. Renier de Sabran
13. Garsenda of Forcalquier
27. Garsenda of Forcalquier
3. Margaret of Provence
28. Humbert III, Count of Savoy
14. Thomas I, Count of Savoy
29. Beatrice of Viennois
7. Beatrice of Savoy
30. William I of Geneva
15. Marguerite of Geneva
31. Beatrix of Faucigny
[edit] Notes

1.^ Chaytor, p 105.

[edit] Sources

Chaytor, H. J. A History of Aragon and Catalonia. 1933.

Philip III of France

House of Capet

Born: 30 April 1245 Died: 5 October 1285

Regnal titles

Preceded by

Louis IX King of France

25 August 1270–5 October 1285 Succeeded by

Philip IV

French royalty

Preceded by

Louis Heir to the Throne

as Heir apparent

January 1260 — 25 August 1270 Succeeded by

Louis

French nobility

New Creation Count of Orléans

?–25 August 1270 Merged into Crown

[show]v • d • e

Philip III of France

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Philip III (30 April 1245 – 5 October 1285), called the Bold (French: le Hardi), was the King of France, succeeding his father, Louis IX, and reigning from 1270 to 1285. He was a member of the House of Capet.

Born in Poissy, to Louis IX (the later Saint Louis) and Marguerite of Provence, Philip was prior to his accession Count of Orleans. He accompanied his father on the Eighth Crusade to Tunisia in 1270. His father died at Tunis and there Philip was declared king at the age of 25. Philip was indecisive, soft in nature, timid, and apparently crushed by the strong personalities of his parents and dominated by his father's policies. He was called "the Bold" on the basis of his abilities in combat and on horseback and not his character. He was pious, but not cultivated. He followed the dictates of others, first of Pierre de la Broce and then of his uncle Charles I of Sicily.

After his succession, he quickly set his uncle on negotiations with the emir to conclude the crusade, while he himself returned to France. A ten-year truce was concluded and Philip was crowned in France on 12 August 1271. On 21 August, his uncle, Alfonso, Count of Poitou, Toulouse, and Auvergne, died returning from the crusade in Italy. Philip inherited his counties and united them to the royal demesne. The portion of the Auvergne which he inherited became the "Terre royale d'Auvergne," later the Duchy of Auvergne. In accordance with Alfonso's wishes, the Comtat Venaissin was granted to the Pope Gregory X in 1274. Several years of negotiations yielded the Treaty of Amiens with Edward I of England in 1279. Thereby Philip restored to the English the Agenais which had fallen to him with the death of Alfonso. In 1284, Philip also inherited the counties of Perche and Alençon from his brother Pierre.

Philip all the while supported his uncle's policy in Italy. When, after the Sicilian Vespers of 1282, Peter III of Aragon invaded and took the island of Sicily, the pope, Martin IV, excommunicated the conqueror and declared his kingdom (put under the suzerainty of the pope by Peter II in 1205) forfeit. He granted Aragon to Charles, Count of Valois, Philip's son. Philip intervened in the Navarrese succession after the death of Henry I of Navarre and married his son, Philip the Fair, to the heiress of Navarre, Joan I.

In 1284, Philip and his sons entered Roussillon at the head of a large army. This war, called the Aragonese Crusade from its papal sanction, has been labelled "perhaps the most unjust, unnecessary and calamitous enterprise ever undertaken by the Capetian monarchy."[1] On 26 June 1285, Philip the Bold entrenched himself before Gerona in an attempt to besiege it. The resistance was strong, but the city was taken on 7 September. Philip soon experienced a reversal, however, as the French camp was hit hard by an epidemic of dysentery. Philip himself was afflicted. The French retreated and were handily defeated at the Battle of the Col de Panissars. The king of France himself died at Perpignan, the capital of his ally James II of Majorca, and was buried in Narbonne. He currently lies buried with his wife Isabella of Aragon in Saint Denis Basilica in Paris.

In the Divine Comedy, Dante sees Philip's spirit outside the gates of Purgatory with a number of other contemporary European rulers. Dante does not name Philip directly, but refers to him as "the small-nosed" and "the father of the Pest of France."

Marriage and children

On 28 May 1262, Philip married Isabella of Aragon, daughter of James I of Aragon and his second wife Yolande of Hungary, daughter of Andrew II of Hungary, and had the following children:

Louis (1266 – May 1276)

Philip IV (1268 – November 29, 1314), successor as king

Charles (March 12, 1270 – December 16, 1325), Count of Valois

After Isabella's death, he married on 21 August 1274, Marie de Brabant, daughter of Henry III of Brabant and Adelaide of Burgundy. Their children were:

Louis (May 1276 – May 19, 1319), Count of Évreux

Blanche (1278 – March 19, 1305, Vienna), married Rudolf III of Austria on May 25, 1300

Margaret (1282 – February 14, 1317), married Edward I of England

Philip III (30 April 1245 – 5 October 1285), called the Bold (French: le Hardi), was the King of France, succeeding his father, Louis IX, and reigning from 1270 to 1285. He was a member of the House of Capet.

Born in Poissy, to Louis IX (the later Saint Louis) and Marguerite of Provence, Philip was prior to his accession Count of Orleans. He accompanied his father on the Eighth Crusade to Tunisia in 1270. His father died at Tunis and there Philip was declared king at the age of 25. Philip was indecisive, soft in nature, timid, and apparently crushed by the strong personalities of his parents and dominated by his father's policies. He was called "the Bold" on the basis of his abilities in combat and on horseback and not his character. He was pious, but not cultivated. He followed the dictates of others, first of Pierre de la Broce and then of his uncle Charles I of Sicily.

After his succession, he quickly set his uncle on negotiations with the emir to conclude the crusade, while he himself returned to France. A ten-year truce was concluded and Philip was crowned in France on 12 August 1271. On 21 August, his uncle, Alfonso, Count of Poitou, Toulouse, and Auvergne, died returning from the crusade in Italy. Philip inherited his counties and united them to the royal demesne. The portion of the Auvergne which he inherited became the "Terre royale d'Auvergne," later the Duchy of Auvergne. In accordance with Alfonso's wishes, the Comtat Venaissin was granted to the Pope Gregory X in 1274. Several years of negotiations yielded the Treaty of Amiens with Edward I of England in 1279. Thereby Philip restored to the English the Agenais which had fallen to him with the death of Alfonso. In 1284, Philip also inherited the counties of Perche and Alençon from his brother Pierre.

Philip all the while supported his uncle's policy in Italy. When, after the Sicilian Vespers of 1282, Peter III of Aragon invaded and took the island of Sicily, the pope, Martin IV, excommunicated the conqueror and declared his kingdom (put under the suzerainty of the pope by Peter II in 1205) forfeit. He granted Aragon to Charles, Count of Valois, Philip's son. Philip intervened in the Navarrese succession after the death of Henry I of Navarre and married his son, Philip the Fair, to the heiress of Navarre, Joan I.

In 1284, Philip and his sons entered Roussillon at the head of a large army. This war, called the Aragonese Crusade from its papal sanction, has been labelled "perhaps the most unjust, unnecessary and calamitous enterprise ever undertaken by the Capetian monarchy."[1] On 26 June 1285, Philip the Bold entrenched himself before Gerona in an attempt to besiege it. The resistance was strong, but the city was taken on 7 September. Philip soon experienced a reversal, however, as the French camp was hit hard by an epidemic of dysentery. Philip himself was afflicted. The French retreated and were handily defeated at the Battle of the Col de Panissars. The king of France himself died at Perpignan, the capital of his ally James II of Majorca, and was buried in Narbonne. He currently lies buried with his wife Isabella of Aragon in Saint Denis Basilica in Paris.

On 28 May 1262, Philip married Isabella of Aragon, daughter of James I of Aragon and his second wife Yolande of Hungary, daughter of Andrew II of Hungary, and had the following children:

Louis (1265 – May 1276). He was poisoned, possibly by orders of his stepmother.

Philip IV (1268 – November 29, 1314), successor as king.

Robert (1269 - 1271).

Charles (March 12, 1270 – December 16, 1325), Count of Valois.

Stillborn son (1271).

After Isabella's death, he married on 21 August 1274, Marie de Brabant, daughter of Henry III of Brabant and Adelaide of Burgundy. Their children were:

Louis (May 1276 – May 19, 1319), Count of Évreux.

Blanca (1278 – March 19, 1305, Vienna), married Rudolf III of Austria on May 25, 1300.

Marguerite (1282 – February 14, 1317), married Edward I of England

BIOGRAPHY: b. April 3, 1245, Poissy, Fr.

d. Oct. 5, 1285, Perpignan

byname PHILIP THE BOLD, French PHILIPPE LE HARDI, king of France (1270-85), in whose reign the power of the monarchy was enlarged and the royal domain extended, though his foreign policy and military ventures were largely unsuccessful.

Philip, the second son of Louis IX of France (Saint Louis), became heir to the throne on the death of his elder brother Louis (1260). Accompanying his father's crusade against Tunis in 1270, he was in Africa when Louis IX died. He was anointed king at Reims in 1271.

Philip continued his father's highly successful administration by keeping in office his able and experienced household clerks. Mathieu de Vendôme, abbot of Saint-Denis, whom Louis IX had left as regent in France, remained in control of the government. The death in 1271 of Alphonse of Poitiers and his wife, heiress of Toulouse, enabled Philip early in his reign to annex their vast holdings to the royal demesne. Nevertheless, in 1279 he was obliged to cede the county of Agenais to Edward I of England. The marriage in 1284 of Philip's son, the future Philip IV, to Joan, the heiress of the crown of Navarre and the countships of Champagne and Brie, brought these important areas also under Capetian control. In addition Philip over the years made numerous small territorial acquisitions.

Philip was less successful militarily. In 1276 he declared war to support the claims of his nephews as heirs in Castile but soon abandoned the venture. In 1284, at the instigation of Pope Martin IV, Philip launched a campaign against Peter III of Aragon, as part of the War of the Sicilian Vespers, in which the Aragonese opposed the Angevin rulers of Sicily. Philip crossed the Pyrenees with his army in May 1285, but the atrocities perpetrated by his forces provoked a guerrilla uprising. After a meaningless victory at Gerona and the destruction of his fleet at Las Hormigas, Philip was forced to retreat. He died of fever on the way home.

Copyright © 1994-2001 Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.

History: Philip III (of France), called The Bold (1245-85), king of France (1270-85), the son of King Louis IX, born in Poissy, near Paris. A weak ruler, he was dominated at various times by his chamberlain, his wife, his mother, and especially his uncle Charles I of Anjou, king of the Two Sicilies. In 1285, the last year of his reign, Philip made an unsuccessful attempt to annex the kingdom of Aragón

Microsoft® Encarta® Encyclopedia 2002. © 1993-2001 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.

BIOGRAPHY: b. April 3, 1245, Poissy, Fr.

d. Oct. 5, 1285, Perpignan

byname PHILIP THE BOLD, French PHILIPPE LE HARDI, king of France (1270-85), in whose reign the power of the monarchy was enlarged and the royal domain extended, though his foreign policy and military ventures were largely unsuccessful.

Philip, the second son of Louis IX of France (Saint Louis), became heir to the throne on the death of his elder brother Louis (1260). Accompanying his father's crusade against Tunis in 1270, he was in Africa when Louis IX died. He was anointed king at Reims in 1271.

Philip continued his father's highly successful administration by keeping in office his able and experienced household clerks. Mathieu de Vendôme, abbot of Saint-Denis, whom Louis IX had left as regent in France, remained in control of the government. The death in 1271 of Alphonse of Poitiers and his wife, heiress of Toulouse, enabled Philip early in his reign to annex their vast holdings to the royal demesne. Nevertheless, in 1279 he was obliged to cede the county of Agenais to Edward I of England. The marriage in 1284 of Philip's son, the future Philip IV, to Joan, the heiress of the crown of Navarre and the countships of Champagne and Brie, brought these important areas also under Capetian control. In addition Philip over the years made numerous small territorial acquisitions.

Philip was less successful militarily. In 1276 he declared war to support the claims of his nephews as heirs in Castile but soon abandoned the venture. In 1284, at the instigation of Pope Martin IV, Philip launched a campaign against Peter III of Aragon, as part of the War of the Sicilian Vespers, in which the Aragonese opposed the Angevin rulers of Sicily. Philip crossed the Pyrenees with his army in May 1285, but the atrocities perpetrated by his forces provoked a guerrilla uprising. After a meaningless victory at Gerona and the destruction of his fleet at Las Hormigas, Philip was forced to retreat. He died of fever on the way home.

Copyright © 1994-2001 Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.

History: Philip III (of France), called The Bold (1245-85), king of France (1270-85), the son of King Louis IX, born in Poissy, near Paris. A weak ruler, he was dominated at various times by his chamberlain, his wife, his mother, and especially his uncle Charles I of Anjou, king of the Two Sicilies. In 1285, the last year of his reign, Philip made an unsuccessful attempt to annex the kingdom of Aragón

Microsoft® Encarta® Encyclopedia 2002. © 1993-2001 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.

BIOGRAPHY: b. April 30, 1245, Poissy, Fr.

d. Oct. 5, 1285, Perpignan

byname PHILIP THE BOLD, French PHILIPPE LE HARDI, king of France (1270-85), in whose reign the power of the monarchy was enlarged and the royal domain extended, though his foreign policy and military ventures were largely unsuccessful.

Philip, the second son of Louis IX of France (Saint Louis), became heir to the throne on the death of his elder brother Louis (1260). Accompanying his father's crusade against Tunis in 1270, he was in Africa when Louis IX died. He was anointed king at Reims in 1271.

Philip continued his father's highly successful administration by keeping in office his able and experienced household clerks. Mathieu de Vendôme, abbot of Saint-Denis, whom Louis IX had left as regent in France, remained in control of the government. The death in 1271 of Alphonse of Poitiers and his wife, heiress of Toulouse, enabled Philip early in his reign to annex their vast holdings to the royal demesne. Nevertheless, in 1279 he was obliged to cede the county of Agenais to Edward I of England. The marriage in 1284 of Philip's son, the future Philip IV, to Joan, the heiress of the crown of Navarre and the countships of Champagne and Brie, brought these important areas also under Capetian control. In addition Philip over the years made numerous small territorial acquisitions.

Philip was less successful militarily. In 1276 he declared war to support the claims of his nephews as heirs in Castile but soon abandoned the venture. In 1284, at the instigation of Pope Martin IV, Philip launched a campaign against Peter III of Aragon, as part of the War of the Sicilian Vespers, in which the Aragonese opposed the Angevin rulers of Sicily. Philip crossed the Pyrenees with his army in May 1285, but the atrocities perpetrated by his forces provoked a guerrilla uprising. After a meaningless victory at Gerona and the destruction of his fleet at Las Hormigas, Philip was forced to retreat. He died of fever on the way home.

Copyright © 1994-2001 Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.

History: Philip III (of France), called The Bold (1245-85), king of France (1270-85), the son of King Louis IX, born in Poissy, near Paris. A weak ruler, he was dominated at various times by his chamberlain, his wife, his mother, and especially his uncle Charles I of Anjou, king of the Two Sicilies. In 1285, the last year of his reign, Philip made an unsuccessful attempt to annex the kingdom of Aragón

Microsoft® Encarta® Encyclopedia 2002. © 1993-2001 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.

BIOGRAPHY: b. April 30, 1245, Poissy, Fr.

d. Oct. 5, 1285, Perpignan

byname PHILIP THE BOLD, French PHILIPPE LE HARDI, king of France (1270-85), in whose reign the power of the monarchy was enlarged and the royal domain extended, though his foreign policy and military ventures were largely unsuccessful.

Philip, the second son of Louis IX of France (Saint Louis), became heir to the throne on the death of his elder brother Louis (1260). Accompanying his father's crusade against Tunis in 1270, he was in Africa when Louis IX died. He was anointed king at Reims in 1271.

Philip continued his father's highly successful administration by keeping in office his able and experienced household clerks. Mathieu de Vendôme, abbot of Saint-Denis, whom Louis IX had left as regent in France, remained in control of the government. The death in 1271 of Alphonse of Poitiers and his wife, heiress of Toulouse, enabled Philip early in his reign to annex their vast holdings to the royal demesne. Nevertheless, in 1279 he was obliged to cede the county of Agenais to Edward I of England. The marriage in 1284 of Philip's son, the future Philip IV, to Joan, the heiress of the crown of Navarre and the countships of Champagne and Brie, brought these important areas also under Capetian control. In addition Philip over the years made numerous small territorial acquisitions.

Philip was less successful militarily. In 1276 he declared war to support the claims of his nephews as heirs in Castile but soon abandoned the venture. In 1284, at the instigation of Pope Martin IV, Philip launched a campaign against Peter III of Aragon, as part of the War of the Sicilian Vespers, in which the Aragonese opposed the Angevin rulers of Sicily. Philip crossed the Pyrenees with his army in May 1285, but the atrocities perpetrated by his forces provoked a guerrilla uprising. After a meaningless victory at Gerona and the destruction of his fleet at Las Hormigas, Philip was forced to retreat. He died of fever on the way home.

Copyright © 1994-2001 Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.

History: Philip III (of France), called The Bold (1245-85), king of France (1270-85), the son of King Louis IX, born in Poissy, near Paris. A weak ruler, he was dominated at various times by his chamberlain, his wife, his mother, and especially his uncle Charles I of Anjou, king of the Two Sicilies. In 1285, the last year of his reign, Philip made an unsuccessful attempt to annex the kingdom of Aragón

Microsoft® Encarta® Encyclopedia 2002. © 1993-2001 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip_III_of_France

Philip III of France

House of Capet

Born: 30 April 1245 Died: 5 October 1285

Regnal titles

Preceded by

Louis IX King of France

25 August 1270–5 October 1285 Succeeded by

Philip IV

French royalty

Preceded by

Louis Heir to the Throne

as Heir apparent

January 1260—25 August 1270 Succeeded by

Louis

French nobility

New Creation Count of Orléans

?–25 August 1270 Merged into Crown

This page was last modified on 3 July 2010 at 01:35.

Philip III (30 April 1245 – 5 October 1285), called the Bold (French: le Hardi), was the King of France, succeeding his father, Louis IX, and reigning from 1270 to 1285. He was a member of the House of Capet.

Born in Poissy, to Louis IX (the later Saint Louis) and Marguerite of Provence, Philip was prior to his accession Count of Orleans. He accompanied his father on the Eighth Crusade to Tunisia in 1270. His father died at Tunis and there Philip was declared king at the age of 25. Philip was indecisive, soft in nature, timid, and apparently crushed by the strong personalities of his parents and dominated by his father's policies. He was called "the Bold" on the basis of his abilities in combat and on horseback and not his character. He was pious, but not cultivated. He followed the dictates of others, first of Pierre de la Broce and then of his uncle Charles I of Sicily.

After his succession, he quickly set his uncle on negotiations with the emir to conclude the crusade, while he himself returned to France. A ten-year truce was concluded and Philip was crowned in France on 12 August 1271. On 21 August, his uncle, Alfonso, Count of Poitou, Toulouse, and Auvergne, died returning from the crusade in Italy. Philip inherited his counties and united them to the royal demesne. The portion of the Auvergne which he inherited became the "Terre royale d'Auvergne," later the Duchy of Auvergne. In accordance with Alfonso's wishes, the Comtat Venaissin was granted to the Pope Gregory X in 1274. Several years of negotiations yielded the Treaty of Amiens with Edward I of England in 1279. Thereby Philip restored to the English the Agenais which had fallen to him with the death of Alfonso. In 1284, Philip also inherited the counties of Perche and Alençon from his brother Pierre.

Philip all the while supported his uncle's policy in Italy. When, after the Sicilian Vespers of 1282, Peter III of Aragon invaded and took the island of Sicily, the pope, Martin IV, excommunicated the conqueror and declared his kingdom (put u

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Felipe III el Atrevido
(Felipe III de Francia, llamado el Atrevido; Poissy, 1245 - Perpiñán, 1285) Rey de Francia (1270-1285). Hijo de Luis IX de Francia el Santo y de Margarita de Provenza, continuó la tarea de centralización administrativa iniciada por su padre (Ordenanzas de 1278). Se enfrentó a Pedro el Grande de Aragón por la corona de Sicilia y fue derrotado en el Coll de Panissars (1285), muriendo en la retirada.


Felipe III de Francia

Felipe III participó junto a su padre, el rey Luis IX de Francia, en la VII Cruzada organizada contra Túnez (1270). Muerto Luis IX en el transcurso de la cruzada, Felipe desembarcó en Sicilia y regresó a Francia, donde el 15 de agosto de 1271 fue ungido rey en Reims. Ese mismo año, tras la muerte de su tío Alfonso de Poitiers, esposo de Juana de Toulouse, Felipe III heredó Poitou, Auvernia, Aunis, el norte de Saintonge, el condado de Toulouse y el señorío de Albi. Felipe III de Francia casó en primeras nupcias con Isabel de Aragón (1262), de quien enviudó en 1271, y en segundas con María de Brabante (1274). El gobierno de Felipe III ha sido calificado como continuador de la política administrativa iniciada por su padre, que quedó recogida en las Ordenanzas de 1278.

La muerte de Enrique I el Gordo de Navarra (1274) había provocado una crisis dinástica al haber quedado como única heredera de Champagne y de Navarra su hija Juana, que tenía menos de dos años; su madre, la reina Blanca de Artois, se refugió en Francia en compañía de Juana. En mayo 1275, por el Tratado de Orleáns, Blanca de Artois encomendó a Felipe III de Francia el gobierno del reino de Navarra, a modo de protectorado, como mandatario de la reina Juana según los fueros y costumbres vigentes. Felipe III y Blanca de Artois acordaron el enlace entre los hijos de ambos: al año siguiente se firmaron las capitulaciones matrimoniales entre el hijo y sucesor de Felipe III, Felipe IV de Francia el Hermoso, y la reina Juana I de Navarra (1274-1305).

Los grandes del reino, entre los que se encontraban el gobernador Pedro Sánchez de Monteagudo, aceptaron el pacto, pero como contrapartida solicitaron el respeto de las leyes y fueros navarros. A partir de este momento Felipe III de Francia se hizo cargo del gobierno de Navarra hasta la mayoría de edad de Juana I, su futura nuera. Llegada a la mayoría de edad, en 1284 Juana I contrajo matrimonio, conforme a lo pactado, con Felipe IV, iniciándose en ese momento el reinado de Felipe IV y Juana I en Navarra.

La intromisión de la monarquía capeta en Navarra suscitó, junto a otras causas, la rebelión de los navarros o Guerra de Navarrería (1276). Las divisiones nobiliarias y los enfrentamientos entre los burgos francos de Pamplona, San Cernin y San Nicolás y el barrio de la Navarrería conllevaron la dimisión del gobernador, quien fue substituido por el francés Eustaquio de Beaumarchais; las propias desavenencias entre los burgos trajeron aparejada la reacción por parte de la nobleza contra la política francesa, en la que el gobernador fue cercado.

Ante esta serie de acontecimientos, Felipe III se trasladó al Bearne con el propósito de enviar tropas auxiliares, mandadas por Gastón de Bearne y por el condestable Imbert de Beaujeu; el barrio de la Navarrería quedó destruido y los castillos pasaron a manos francesas. El obispo y el cabildo catedralicio solicitaron a Felipe III una indemnización por el saqueo sufrido por la catedral; el monarca se mostró en principio favorable a tal medida, pero el gobernador Guerin de Amplepuis forzó en 1281 un acuerdo con la Iglesia por el que ésta cedía a la monarquía la mitad de su dominio sobre Pamplona a cambio de dicha indemnización. Sin embargo, los acuerdos de este pacto no fueron aprobados por el pontífice, con lo que no pudieron ponerse en práctica.

La oposición política al régimen francés continuó a través de la Hermandad de las Buenas Villas, constituida en 1276, y de la Junta de infanzones de Obanos (Navarra), que intentó ser disuelta por el gobernador en 1281. En este mismo año se reanudaron las hostilidades con Castilla y Aragón: ambos reinos habían firmado el Tratado de El Campillo, en el que se había fijado la conquista y posterior reparto de Navarra. Sin embargo, la guerra no llegó a desencadenarse, a pesar de que uno de los partidarios de los infantes de la Cerda, el señor de Vizcaya, se había refugiado en Navarra.



Felipe III de Francia secundó las actividades de su tío el rey de Sicilia, Carlos I de Anjou (1266-1282), en contra de Pedro III el Grande de Aragón (1276-1285), y pidió a éste garantías de que no lucharía contra el rey de Sicilia. Esta ayuda quedó reflejada en el envío de tropas a la isla, que desembarcaron en 1282, tras los sucesos de las Vísperas Sicilianas; en la lucha los angevinos fueron vencidos. Junto con el papa Martín IV (1281-1285), quien había desposeído a Pedro III de la investidura de sus dominios en favor de la infeudación de su tercer hijo, Carlos de Valois, Felipe III organizó una expedición para hacer valer tales derechos contra la Corona de Aragón; tal expedición recibió el nombre de la Cruzada contra los Catalanes, y su resultado fue la derrota en 1285 de los navíos franceses por parte del almirante Roger de Lauria.

Felipe III y su tío Carlos de Anjou, tras haber conseguido reunir una hueste numerosa, prepararon la invasión del reino de Navarra; por otro lado, el rey de Mallorca, Jaime II (1276-1311), hermano de Pedro III, pidió ayuda al monarca francés contra todo aquel que quisiera invadir su territorio, lo que quedó patente en 1283 con la firma de una alianza en Carcasona (Francia), en la que se reconocía la condición de subfeudo del señorío de Montpellier. El 10 de agosto se inició el ataque en las Bardenas; sin embargo, la rigurosidad del clima, unido a la fuerte resistencia de las villas fronterizas, frenaron la invasión. Al mismo tiempo, otro destacamento mandado por Eustache de Beaumarchais ocupó el valle de Arán (1283), lugar donde el obispo de Commenge leyó la bula de excomunión de Pedro III.

El enfrentamiento con los aragoneses continuó: las tropas franconavarras saquearon la Val d’Onsella (Huesca, 1283), lo que suscitó la reacción de Pedro III, quien en 1284 asoló la ribera de Tudela (Navarra) y penetró en el Rosellón (Francia) y Ampurdán (Girona, 1285), donde combatió contra el ejército de Felipe III; en junio de 1285, el avance francés fue frenado en el sitio de Girona, y en las proximidades del Coll de Panissars fueron vencidos por los aragoneses. En la retirada, Felipe III murió como consecuencia de una epidemia.

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