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Afonso III of Burgundy, King of Portugal ♛ Ref: NV-199 |•••► #Portugal #Genealogia #Genealogy

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18° Bisabuelo de: Carlos Juan Felipe Antonio Vicente De La Cruz Urdaneta Alamo
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Alfonso III of Portugal is your 18th great grandfather.You→ Carlos Juan Felipe Antonio Vicente De La Cruz Urdaneta Alamo→ Enrique Jorge Urdaneta Lecuna
your father → Elena Cecilia Lecuna Escobar
his mother → María Elena de la Concepción Escobar Llamosas
her mother → Cecilia Cayetana de la Merced Llamosas Vaamonde de Escobar
her mother → Cipriano Fernando de Las Llamosas y García
her father → José Lorenzo de las Llamozas Silva
his father → Joseph Julián Llamozas Ranero
his father → Manuel Llamosas y Requecens
his father → Isabel de Requesens
his mother → Luis de Requeséns y Zúñiga, Virrey de Holanda
her father → Juan de Zúñiga Avellaneda y Velasco
his father → Pedro de Zúñiga y Avellaneda, II conde de Miranda del Castañar
his father → Diego López de Zúñiga y Guzmán, I conde de Miranda del Castañar
his father → Isabel Elvira de Guzmán y Ayala, III Señora de Gibraleón
his mother → Alvar Pérez de Guzmán, 2. señor de Gibraleón
her father → Alfonso Pérez de Guzmán, 1. señor de Gibraleón
his father → Urraca (da Lousã) Afonso
his mother → João Afonso de Portugal, senhor da Lousã
her father → Dinis I o Justo, rei de Portugal
his father → Alfonso III of Portugal
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Afonso III of Burgundy, King of Portugal MP
Portuguese: Afonso III de Borgonha, Rei de Portugal, Spanish: Alfonso III de Borgoña, Rey de Portugal
Gender: Male
Birth: May 05, 1210
Coimbra, Portugal
Death: April 18, 1279 (68)
Lisbon, Portugal
Place of Burial: Mosteiro de Santa Maria, Alcobaça, Leiria, Portugal
Immediate Family:
Son of Afonso II, o Gordo, rei de Portugal and Urraca de Castela, rainha consorte de Portugal
Husband of Matilde II, condessa de Bolonha and Beatriz de Castela, rainha consorte de Portugal
Partner of Maddalena Gil; Elvira Estevez; N.N.; Madragana Ben Aloandro, Mor Afonso and Marina Pires de Enxara
Father of D. Gil Afonso de Portugal; Leonor Afonso de Portugal; Rodrigo Afonso de Portugal; Henrique Afonso de Portugal; Leonor Afonso de Portugal and 15 others
Brother of Sancho II o Capello, rei de Portugal; Leonor af Portugal, Dronning af Danmark; Fernando de Portugal, senhor de Serpa e Lamego and Vicente, infante de Portugal
Half brother of João Afonso de Portugal
Added by: Bjørn P. Brox on June 8, 2007
Managed by: Doctor Leopoldo José Briceño-Iragorry Calcaño, MD and 157 others
Curated by: Victar
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afonso_III_of_Portugal (English)

Afonso III de Portugal

Origem: Wikipédia, a enciclopédia livre.

http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afonso_III_de_Portugal

http://genealogics.org/getperson.php?personID=I00020564&tree=LEO

D. Afonso III de Portugal (Coimbra, 5 de Maio de 1210 – id., 16 de Fevereiro de 1279), cognominado O Bolonhês por ter sido casado com a condessa Matilde II de Bolonha, foi o quinto Rei de Portugal. Afonso III era o segundo filho do rei Afonso II e da sua mulher Urraca de Castela, e sucedeu ao seu irmão Sancho II em 1248.

Filhos com a primeira mulher, Matilde II de Bolonha:

Roberto de Portugal (1239)
um outro varão, de nome incógnito (1240)
Filhos com a segunda mulher, infanta Beatriz de Castela (1242-1303):

Branca de Portugal (1259-1321), abadessa dos Conventos do Lorvão e de Huelgas (Burgos)
Fernando de Portugal (1260-1262)
Dinis de Portugal (1261-1325)
Afonso de Portugal (1263-1312), senhor de Portalegre, casou com a infanta Violante Manoel de Castela
Sancha de Portugal (1264-1302)
Maria de Portugal (1264-1304), religiosa no Mosteiro de Santa Cruz
Constança de Portugal (1266-1271)
Vicente de Portugal (1268-1271)
Filhos naturais:

Havidos de Madragana, depois chamada Mor Afonso, filha do último alcaide do período mouro de Faro, o moçárabe Aloandro Ben Bakr:

Martim Afonso Chichorro (1250-1313)
Urraca Afonso de Portugal (c. 1260-depois de 1290)
Havido de Maria Peres de Enxara:

Afonso Dinis (1260-1310)
De outras senhoras:

Fernando Afonso, cavaleiro hospitalário
Gil Afonso (1250-1346), cavaleiro hospitalário
Rodrigo Afonso (1258-1272), prior de Santarém
Leonor Afonso (1250), senhora de Pedrógão e Neiva
Leonor Afonso (m. 1259), freira em Santarém
Urraca Afonso (1250-1281), freira no Lorvão
Henrique Afonso
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Quinto rey de Portugal 1247-1279. Hizo la guerra a los musulmanes y fundo varias ciudades. Entre las localidades tomadas a los arabes destaca Faro, donde procrea por lo menos dos hijos con Madragana Mor Affonso, hija del ultimo alcalde del periodo moro de dicha ciudad. Uno de estos hijos es Martim Affonso Chichorro de Sousa, ascendiente de Leonor de Melo Coutinho.

Alfonso III de Borgoña, apodado el Boloñés ó el Reformador (Coímbra, 5 de mayo de 1210 - Coímbra, 16 de febrero de 1279), fue el quinto rey de Portugal. Era el segundo hijo del rey Alfonso II el Gordo y de su esposa, la infanta castellana Urraca de Borgoña; sucedió en el trono a su hermano, Sancho II el Capelo, en 1247.

Estatua del rey Alfonso III en Faro

Como segundo hijo del rey, Alfonso no esperaba heredar el trono, que estaba destinado a su hermano Sancho. Vivió en Francia, donde se casó en 1238 con Matilda II, heredera de Boulogne, por lo que se convirtió en conde de Boulogne. En 1246, los conflictos entre su hermano, el rey, y la Santa Sede se hicieron más intensos. El Papa Inocencio IV ordenó a Sancho que abandonara el trono y que fuera remplazado por su hermano. Alfonso no rechazó la orden papal y marchó hacia Portugal.

Sancho no era un rey popular por lo que no fue difícil cumplir la orden del Papa: Sancho fue exiliado a Castilla y Alfonso se convirtió en rey en 1247. Para subir al trono renunció al condado en 1253 y en 1253 se divorció de su esposa Matilda. Ese mismo año se casó con Beatriz de Castilla, hija ilegítima del rey Alfonso X el Sabio.

Decidido a no cometer los mismos errores que su hermano, Alfonso III prestó atención a la clase media compuesta por los mercaderes y los pequeños propietarios de tierras. En 1254, en la ciudad de Leiria, asistió a la primera sesión de las Cortes, asamblea general compuesta por la nobleza, la clase media y representantes de todos los municipios. Dictó leyes que evitaban que la clase alta abusara de la población más desfavorecida. Recordado como un gran administrador, Alfonso III fundó diversas ciudades y reorganizó la administración pública.

Seguro en su trono, Alfonso III entró en guerra con las comunidades musulmanas que aún residían en el sur. Durante su reinado, el Algarve se convirtió en parte del reino; tras la conquista de Faro, Portugal se convirtió en el primer reino de la Península Ibérica en completar su Reconquista, en 1249. Después de su victoria sobre los musulmanes, Alfonso III tuvo que enfrentarse a los problemas políticos crecientes en las fronteras con Castilla. El reino vecino consideraba que las tierras conquistadas del Algarve pertenecían a Castilla y no a Portugal, lo que llevó a una serie de enfrentamientos entre ambos países. Finalmente, en 1267, se firmó un tratado en Badajoz que determinaba que la frontera sur entre Portugal y Castilla se establecía en el río Guadiana.

Alfonso III el Boloñés murió en 1279 y fue sucedido en el trono por su hijo Dionisio

Descendencia:

De su primer mujer, Matilde II de Boulogne:

* Roberto (1239);
* Un varón (1240).
De su segunda mujer, Beatriz de Castilla:

* Blanca (25 de febrero de 1259 - 17 de abril de 1321), Abadesa del Convento de Huelgas;
* Fernando (1260 - 1262), infante heredero;
* Dionísio el Labrador (9 de octubre de 1261 - 7 de enero de 1325), rey de Portugal con el nombre de Dionisio I casado con la Infanta Isabel de Aragón;
* Alfonso (8 de febrero de 1263 - 2 de noviembre de 1312), Señor de Portalegre. Casado con Violante Manuel de Castilla (hija de Juan Manuel de Castilla);
* Sancha (2 de febrero de 1264 - 1302);
* María (21 de noviembre de 1264 - 6 de junio de 1304), Monja del Convento de San Juan en Coimbra;
* Constanza (1266 - 1271);
* Vicente (1268 - 1271).
Con Madragana (Mor Alfonso), hija del último alcaide del período moro de Faro, el mozárabe Aloandro Ben Bakr:

* Martín Alfonso Chichorro (1250 - 1313), casado con Inês Lourenço de Valadres;
* Urraca Alfonso (1260 - 1290), casada primero con Don Pedro Anes de Riba Vizela y después con Don Juan Mendes de Briteiros.
Con María Peres de Enxara:

* Alfonso Dionisio (1260 - 1310) Casado con María Pais Ribera, Señora de la Casa de Sousa.
Otros hijos naturales:

* Fernando Alfonso (¿? - ¿?) Caballero de la Orden del Hospital;
* Gil Alfonso (1250 - 31 de diciembre de 1346) Caballero de la Orden del Hospital;
* Rodrigo Alfonso (1258 - 12 de mayo de 1272) Prior de la ciudad de Santerem;
* Leonor Alfonso (1250 - 1291) Casada primero con Don Esteban Anes de Sousa y luego con Don Gonçalo García de Sousa, conde de Neiva;
* Leonor Alfonso (¿? - 1259) Monja en el Monasterio de Santa Clara en Santerem;
* Urraca Alfonso (1250 - 4 de noviembre de 1281) Monja en el Monasterio de Lorvão;
* Enrique Alfonso (¿? - ¿?) Casado con Inês.
http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~tatro/gp2990.htm#head2

Afonso III of Portugal

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afonso_III_of_Portugal (English)

Afonso III (pronounced [ɐˈfõsu] in Portuguese; rare English alternatives: Alphonzo or Alphonse), or Affonso (Archaic Portuguese), Alfonso or Alphonso (Portuguese-Galician) or Alphonsus (Latin), the Bolognian (Port. o Bolonhês) or the Brave (Port. o Bravo), the fifth King of Portugal (May 5, 1210 in Coimbra – February 16, 1279 in Alcobaça, Coimbra or Lisbon) and the first to use the title King of Portugal and the Algarve, since 1249. He was the second son of King Afonso II of Portugal and his wife, Urraca, princess of Castile; he succeeded his brother, King Sancho II of Portugal on 4 January 1248.

As the second son of King Afonso II of Portugal, Afonso was not expected to inherit the throne, which was destined to go to his elder brother Sancho. He lived mostly in France, where he married Matilda, the heiress of Boulogne, in 1238, thereby becoming Count of Boulogne. In 1246, conflicts between his brother, the king, and the church became unbearable. Pope Innocent IV then ordered Sancho II to be removed from the throne and be replaced by the Count of Boulogne. Afonso, of course, did not refuse the papal order and marched to Portugal. Since Sancho was not a popular king, the order was not hard to enforce; he was exiled to Castile and Afonso III became king in 1248 after his brother's death. To ascend the throne, he abdicated from the county of Boulogne and later (1253) divorced Matilda.

Determined not to commit the same mistakes as his brother, Afonso III paid special attention to what the middle class, composed of merchants and small land owners, had to say. In 1254, in the city of Leiria, he held the first session of the Cortes, a general assembly comprising the nobility, the middle class and representatives of all municipalities. He also made laws intended to restrain the upper classes from abusing the least favoured part of the population. Remembered as a notable administrator, Afonso III founded several towns, granted the title of city to many others and reorganized public administration.

Statue of Afonso III in the city of Faro, in the Algarve.

Secure on the throne, Afonso III then proceeded to make war with the Muslim communities that still thrived in the south. In his reign the Algarve became part of the kingdom, following the capture of Faro—Portugal thus becoming the first Iberian kingdom to complete its Reconquista.

Following his success against the Moors, Afonso III had to deal with a political situation arising from the borders with Castile. The neighbouring kingdom considered that the newly acquired lands of the Algarve should be Castilian, not Portuguese, which led to a series of wars between the two kingdoms. Finally, in 1267, a treaty was signed in Badajoz, determining that the southern border between Castile and Portugal should be the River Guadiana, as it is today.

Fue 5to.Rey de Portugal en 1248 Era primo de dos reyes santos: San Luis IX de Francia y Fernando III de Castilla (Fuente: I.A.C.G.)

Apodado el Boloñés ó el Reformador (Coimbra, 5 de mayo de 1210 – Coimbra, 16 de febrero de 1279). Era el segundo hijo del rey Alfonso II el Gordo y de su esposa, la infanta castellana Urraca de Borgoña; sucedió en el trono a su hermano Sancho II el Capelo, en 1247. Como segundo hijo del rey, Alfonso no esperaba heredar el trono, que estaba destinado a su hermano Sancho. Vivió en Francia, donde se casó en 1238 con Matilda II, heredera de Boulogne, por lo que se convirtió en conde de Boulogne. En 1246, los conflictos entre su hermano, el rey, y la Santa Sede se hicieron más intensos. El Papa Inocencio IV ordenó a Sancho que abandonara el trono y que fuera remplazado por su hermano. Alfonso no rechazó la orden papal y marchó hacia Portugal. Sancho no era un rey popular por lo que no fue difícil cumplir la orden del Papa: Sancho fue exiliado a Castilla y Alfonso se convirtió en rey en 1247. Para subir al trono renunció al condado en 1253 y se divorció de su esposa Matilda. Ese mismo año se casó con Beatriz de Castilla, hija ilegítima del rey Alfonso X el Sabio.

Decidido a no cometer los mismos errores que su hermano, Alfonso III prestó atención a la clase media compuesta por los mercaderes y los pequeños propietarios de tierras. En 1254, en la ciudad de Leiria, asistió a la primera sesión de las Cortes, asamblea general compuesta por la nobleza, la clase media y representantes de todos los municipios. Dictó leyes que evitaban que la clase alta abusara de la población más desfavorecida. Recordado como un gran administrador, Alfonso III fundó diversas ciudades y reorganizó la administración pública.

Seguro en su trono, Alfonso III entró en guerra con las comunidades musulmanas que aún residían en el sur. Durante su reinado, el Algarve se convirtió en parte del reino; tras la conquista de Faro, Portugal se convirtió en el primer reino de la Península Ibérica en completar su Reconquista, en 1249. Después de su victoria sobre los musulmanes, Alfonso III tuvo que enfrentarse a los problemas políticos crecientes en las fronteras con Castilla. El reino vecino consideraba que las tierras conquistadas del Algarve pertenecían a Castilla y no a Portugal, lo que llevó a una serie de enfrentamientos entre ambos países. Finalmente, en 1267, se firmó un tratado en Badajoz que determinaba que la frontera sur entre Portugal y Castilla se establecía en el río Guadiana.

Alfonso III el Boloñés murió en 1279 y fue sucedido en el trono por su hijo Dionisio.

Tuvo varios hijos con diferentes concubinas. Una de las hijas (con una concubina desconocida) es Urraca Alfonso.

D. Afonso III

Quinto rei de Portugal (1245-1279), "o Bolonhês" nasceu provavelmente em Coimbra, a 5 de Maio de 1210. Segundo filho de D. Afonso II e de D. Urraca, partiu em 1227 para França, onde frequentou a corte de Luís IX, tendo disso muito beneficiado. Casou em 1238 com D. Matilde, condessa de Bolonha, viúva de Filipe-o-Crespo.

Chegou a Lisboa em finais de 1245 ou princípios de 1246. Com os títulos de visitador, curador e defensor do reino, foi aclamado rei após ter vencido pela força das armas o seu irmão D. Sancho II.

O facto de maior destaque do seu reinado foi a conquista definitiva do Algarve. Em Março de 1249 foi conquistada a cidade de Faro. Os freires de Sant'Iago e Calatrava tiveram aí um papel determinante, tendo-lhes sido confiada a empresa de concluírem a conquista. A conquista do Algarve levou, contudo, a graves discórdias com Castela. As pazes foram inicialmente alcançadas com o casamento de D. Afonso III com D. Beatriz, filha ilegítima de Afonso X (após o papa ter anulado o casamento com D. Matilde por esta ser estéril), mas o problema só foi definitivamente resolvido pelo Tratado de Badajoz, de 16 de Fevereiro de 1267. Por este tratado ficou definido que seria o Guadiana, desde a confluência do Caia até à foz, a fronteira luso-castelhana.

D. Afonso III foi também um bom administrador, fundou povoações, restaurou, repovoou e mandou cultivar inúmeros lugares arruinados, e concedeu numerosos forais. Reuniu Cortes em Leiria, em 1254, as primeiras em que participaram representantes dos concelhos. As Cortes de Coimbra de 1261 foram também importantes, pois nelas foi reconhecido ao rei o direito de cunhar moeda fraca. Procedeu a inquirições em 1258, revelando as respectivas actas os inúmeros abusos praticados pelas classes privilegiadas. Legislou para reprimir estes abusos. Estas leis provocaram a imediata reacção do clero, que apelou para Roma. Só a proximidade da morte levou o rei a recuar, tendo jurado submissão a Santa Sé em Janeiro de 1279. Faleceu em 16 de Fevereiro do mesmo ano, tendo sido sepultado em Alcobaça.

© 2003 Porto Editora, Lda.

Reinado, 1245-1279.

D. Afonso III, nasceu em Coimbra a 5 de Maio de 1210, e morreu em Coimbra a 16 de Fevereiro de 1279. Casou em França, em Maio de 1239, com D. Matilde, condessa de Bolonha e viúva de Filipe, o Crespo, que tinha falecido em 1234, não tendo havido descendência, pelo que foi repudiada em 1253. Por um segundo casamento, feito em S. Estêvão, termo de Chaves, no ano de 1253, com D. Beatriz ou Brites, filha natural de Afonso X, rei de Castela

Afonso III, King of Portugal and the Algarve; Count of Boulogne.
Reign January 4, 1248—February 16, 1279

Consort Matilda II, Countess of Boulogne

Beatrice of Castile

Father Afonso II

Mother Infanta Urraca of Castile

Born May 5, 1210

Coimbra, Kingdom of Portugal

Died February 16, 1279

Alcobaça, Kingdom of Portugal

Burial Monastery of Alcobaça, District of Leiria, Portugal

Afonso III was the fifth King of Portugal (May 5, 1210 in Coimbra – February 16, 1279 in Alcobaça, Coimbra or Lisbon) and the first to use the title King of Portugal and the Algarve, since 1249. He was the second son of King Afonso II of Portugal and his wife, Urraca, princess of Castile; he succeeded his brother, King Sancho II of Portugal on 4 January 1248.

As the second son of King Afonso II of Portugal, Afonso was not expected to inherit the throne, which was destined to go to his elder brother Sancho. He lived mostly in France, where he married Matilda, the heiress of Boulogne, in 1238, thereby becoming Count of Boulogne. In 1246, conflicts between his brother, the king, and the church became unbearable. Pope Innocent IV then ordered Sancho II to be removed from the throne and be replaced by the Count of Boulogne. Afonso, of course, did not refuse the papal order and marched to Portugal. Since Sancho was not a popular king, the order was not hard to enforce; he was exiled to Castile and Afonso III became king in 1248 after his brother's death. To ascend the throne, he abdicated from the county of Boulogne and later (1253) divorced Matilda.

Determined not to commit the same mistakes as his brother, Afonso III paid special attention to what the middle class, composed of merchants and small land owners, had to say. In 1254, in the city of Leiria, he held the first session of the Cortes, a general assembly comprising the nobility, the middle class and representatives of all municipalities. He also made laws intended to restrain the upper classes from abusing the least favoured part of the population. Remembered as a notable administrator, Afonso III founded several towns, granted the title of city to many others and reorganized public administration.

This King showed extraordinay vision for that time. Humanists and Progessists measures taken during his kingship includes: The representatives of the people were for the first time included in the governance, besides the nobility and clergy; The end of preventive arrests, all arrests by the police had to be first presented to a judge to determine the detention measure, monetary economy measures, such as the negotiation with the mercators a extraordinary taxation instead of the typical devalorization of money. The first measures of a state towards laicity, including taxation of the catolic church wealth. This leads to his excomunication by the holy see. This precipitated his death and his son Dom Dinis prematurelly rise to the throne with only 18 years old.

Secure on the throne, Afonso III then proceeded to make war with the Muslim communities that still thrived in the south. In his reign the Algarve became part of the kingdom, following the capture of Faro—Portugal thus becoming the first Iberian kingdom to complete its Reconquista.

Following his success against the Moors, Afonso III had to deal with a political situation arising from the borders with Castile. The neighbouring kingdom considered that the newly acquired lands of the Algarve should be Castilian, not Portuguese, which led to a series of wars between the two kingdoms. Finally, in 1267, a treaty was signed in Badajoz, determining that the southern border between Castile and Portugal should be the River Guadiana, as it is today.

En mi nuevo libro LA SORPRENDENTE GENEALOGÍA DE MIS TATARABUELOS, encontrarán a este y muchos otros de sus ancestros con un resumen biográfico de cada uno. El libro está disponible en: amazon.com barnesandnoble.com palibrio.com. Les será de mucha utilidad y diversión. Ramón Rionda

In my new book LA SORPRENDENTE GENEALOGÍA DE MIS TATARABUELOS, you will find this and many other of your ancestors, with a biography summary of each of them. The book is now available at: amazon.com barnesandnoble.com palibrio.com. Check it up, it’s worth it. Ramón Rionda

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Alfonso X El Sabio, Rey De Castilla Y León ♛ Ref: 182732 |•••► #España #Genealogia #Genealogy

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Alfonso X 'el Sabio' de Castilla y León, rey de Castilla y León MP
Spanish: Rey Alfonso X de Castilla y León, Rey de Castilla y León
Gender: Male
Birth: November 23, 1221
Toledo, Castille La Mancha, España
Death: April 1284 (62)
Seville, Andalusia, Spain (Seville Cathedral)
Place of Burial: Catedral de Santa María, Seville, Andalusia, Spain
Immediate Family:
Son of Ferdinand "the Saint", king of Castile and León and Elizabeth of Swabia
Husband of NN; Violante de Aragón, reina consorte de Castilla; Elvira Rodríguez de Villada and María Mayor Guillén de Guzmán, señora de Alcocer
Partner of María Afonso de León
Father of Berenguela Alfonso; Urraca Alfonso, señora consorte de Fuentes; Martín Alfonso, Abad en Valladolid; Berenguela Alfonsez, infanta de Castilla; Beatrice di Castiglia, Marchesa del Monferrato and 11 others
Brother of Fadrique Fernández de Castilla; Fernando de Castilla y León; Leonor de Borgoña, infanta de Castilla y León; Berenguela de Borgoña, infanta de Castilla y León; Enrique 'el Senador' de Castilla y León, infante de Castilla and 4 others
Half brother of Ferdinand de Ponthieu, comte d’Aumâle; Eleanor of Castile, Queen consort of England; Simón, infante de Castilla y León; Juan, infante de Castilla y León and Luis de Castilla, señor de Marchena y Zuheros
Added by: Bjørn P. Brox on May 2, 2007
Managed by: Doctor Leopoldo José Briceño-Iragorry Calcaño, MD and 184 others
Curated by: Victar
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A María en el mes de mayo

Bienvenido Mayo, y con alegría; por eso roguemos a Santa María que pida a su Hijo aún todavía que de pecado y locura nos guarde. Bienvenido Mayo. Bienvenido seas, y con alegría. Alfonso X El Sabio. Rey de Castilla y de León. (Toledo, 1221 - Sevilla, 1284). Dios te salve, María, llena eres de gracia, el Señor es contigo, bendita tú eres entre todas las mujeres y bendito es el fruto de tu vientre, Jesús. Santa María, Madre de Dios, ruega por nosotros, pecadores, ahora y en la hora de nuestra muerte. Amen. Alfonso X de Castilla y León, llamado el Sabio (Toledo, 23 de noviembre de 1221 — Sevilla, 4 de abril de 1284), fue rey de Castilla y de León (1252-1284). A la muerte de su padre, Fernando III El Santo, reanudó la ofensiva contra los musulmanes, ocupando Jerez (1253) y Cádiz (c. 1262). En 1264 tuvo que hacer frente a una importante revuelta de los mudéjares de Murcia y el valle del Guadalquivir. Como hijo de Beatriz de Suabia, aspiró al trono del Sacro Imperio Romano Germánico, proyecto al que dedicó más de la mitad de su reinado sin obtener éxito alguno. Los últimos años de su reinado fueron especialmente sombríos, debido al conflicto sucesorio provocado por la muerte prematura de Fernando de la Cerda y la minoridad de los hijos de éste, lo que desembocó en la rebelión abierta del infante Sancho y gran parte de la nobleza y las ciudades del reino. Murió Alfonso en Sevilla durante el transcurso de esta revuelta, no sin antes haber desheredado a su hijo Sancho. Llevó a cabo una activa y beneficiosa política económica, reformando la moneda y la hacienda, concediendo numerosas ferias y reconociendo al Honrado Consejo de la Mesta. También es reconocido por su inmensa obra literaria y jurídica. En 1935, se le reconoce como astrónomo nombrándole en su honor el cráter lunar «Alphonsus». También es famoso su patrocinio artístico y cultural. Fruto de su matrimonio con la reina Violante de Aragón, hija de Jaime I el Conquistador, rey de Aragón nacieron varios hijos: 1) Berenguela (1253 - 1300). Fue proclamada heredera del reino en 1254, pero el nacimiento de su hermano Fernando la postergó. Estuvo prometida a Luis de Francia, hijo y heredero de Luis IX, pero no se llegaron a casar por la muerte prematura del novio en 1260. Fue la única de los hijos legítimos del rey que permaneció junto a él durante la rebelión del infante Sancho. 2) Beatriz (1254-1280). Se casó con el marqués Guillermo VII de Montferrato (vicario de Alfonso X en el Imperio) en 1271, en Murcia. 3) Fernando de la Cerda (1255 - 1275). Heredero del trono castellano, se casó en 1269 con Blanca de Francia, hija de Luis IX de Francia, con quien tuvo dos hijos. Su muerte prematura permitió que su hermano Sancho se convirtiera en rey. Fue enterrado en el Monasterio de Santa María la Real de Las Huelgas de Burgos. 4) Leonor (1256 - 1275). 5) Sancho IV "el Bravo" (1258-1295), rey de Castilla y León a la muerte de Alfonso X el Sabio. Sepultado en el presbiterio de la Catedral de Toledo. 6) Constanza (1259 - 1280), monja en el Monasterio de Santa María la Real de Las Huelgas y sepultada allí. 7) Pedro (1260 - 1283). Padre de Sancho de Castilla "el de la Paz" fue sepultado en el desaparecido Convento de San Francisco de Valladolid. 8) Juan (1264 - 1319), casado con María Díaz I de Haro, Señora de Vizcaya, fue padre de Don Juan el Tuerto. Murió en el Desastre de la Vega de Granada y fue sepultado en el presbiterio de la Catedral de Burgos. 9) Isabel de Castilla y Aragón (1263-1264). Murió en la infancia. 10) Violante (1265- ¿?), contrajo matrimonio con Diego López V de Haro, señor de Vizcaya. 11) Jaime (1267-1284). Señor de los Cameros.

Alfonso X el Sabio tuvo varios hijos ilegítimos, frutos de diversas relaciones extramatrimoniales. Aquí figuran los nombres de algunos de ellos:

Beatriz (1244-1303), Señora de Alcocer, Salmerón y Vadesliras. Contrajo matrimonio en 1253 con Alfonso III de Portugal y fue madre de Dionisio I de Portugal. Hija de Alfonso X y de Mayor Guillén de Guzmán. Se encuentra sepultada en el Monasterio de Alcobaca.
Alfonso Fernández "el Niño" (1242-1281), señor de Molina y de Mesa por su matrimonio con Blanca Alfonso de Molina, bisnieta de Alfonso IX de León. Hijo de Alfonso X y de Elvira Rodríguez de Villada.
Martín Alfonso (¿? - ¿?), abad en Valladolid. Mencionado como hermano de Urraca Alfonso en el codicilo del testamento del rey.
Urraca Alfonso (¿? - ¿?). Citada también en el codicilo del testamento de Alfonso X, que le encomendó a su hija natural Beatriz la misión de casarla honradamente. Contrajo matrimonio con Pedro Núñez de Guzmán.
Berenguela Alfonso (¿? - ¿?). Contrajo matrimonio (después de 1264) con Pedro Núñez de Guzmán
Alfonso X de Castilla y de León, llamado el Sabio (Toledo, 23 de noviembre de 1221 — Sevilla, 4 de abril de 1284), fue rey de Castilla y de León (1252-1284). A la muerte de su padre, Fernando III El Santo, reanudó la ofensiva contra los musulmanes, ocupando Jerez (1253) y Cádiz (c. 1262). En 1264 tuvo que hacer frente a una importante revuelta de los mudéjares de Murcia y el valle del Guadalquivir. Como hijo de Beatriz de Suabia, aspiró al trono del Sacro Imperio Romano Germánico, proyecto al que dedicó más de la mitad de su reinado sin obtener éxito alguno. Los últimos años de su reinado fueron especialmente sombríos, debido al conflicto sucesorio provocado por la muerte prematura de Fernando de la Cerda, primogénito de Alfonso X, y la minoridad de sus hijos, lo que desembocó en la rebelión abierta del infante Sancho y gran parte de la nobleza y las ciudades del reino. Murió Alfonso en Sevilla durante el transcurso de esta revuelta, no sin antes haber desheredado a su hijo Sancho. Llevó a cabo una activa y beneficiosa política económica, reformando la moneda y la hacienda, concediendo numerosas ferias y reconociendo al Honrado Consejo de la Mesta. También es reconocido por su inmensa obra literaria y jurídica. En 1935, se le reconoce como astrónomo nombrándole en su honor el cráter lunar «Alphonsus».[1] También es famoso su patrocinio artístico y cultural.

1221-84. Son and heir of Ferdinand III of Castile; king of Castile and Leon (1252-84). His sister, Eleanor of Castile, married Edward I of England (then Prince Edward) in 1255. Alfonso was chosen king fo the Romans (ie Holy Roman Emperer-elect) by a faction of German nobles in 1257, in opposition to Richard, 34d earl of Cornall, King John of England's second son. Papal and domestic opposition kept him in Spain and he renounced his claim in 1275. Alfonso seized several territories from the Moors, notably Cadiz in 1262; but his reign was also significant for an influx of Moorish culture into Europe, thanks to his generous patronage of Muslim scholars.

Source: Chronicles of the Age of Chivalry/Four Gothic Kings (US edn): 80, 84, 187 Input by Mimi Arcala

Prince Afonso, Lord of Portalegre

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

(Redirected from Infante Afonso, Lord of Portalegre)
Infante Afonso of Portugal (Portuguese pronunciation: [ɐˈfõsu]; English: Alphonzo or Alphonse) was a Portuguese infante (prince), son of King Afonso III of Portugal and his second wife Beatrice of Castile. He was titled Lord of Portalegre, Castelo de Vide, Arronches, Marvão and Lourinhã.

Afonso was born on February 8, 1263 and in 1287 married Violante of Castile, daughter of Castilian Infante Juan Manuel of Castile.

Afonso died on November 2, 1312 in Lisbon.

[edit]Issue

By his wife Violante Manuel of Castile he had five children:

Infante Afonso, Lord of Leiria

Infanta Maria, Lady of Menezes and Orduña

Infanta Isabel, Lady of Penela

Infanta Constança of Portalegre

Infanta Beatriz, Lady of Lemos

Infante dom AFONSO de Portugal ([Lisbon] 8 Feb 1263-Lisbon 2 Nov 1312, bur Lisbon Dominican monastery). The Chronicon Conimbricensi records the birth “VIII Id Feb” in 1263 of “Infans Doñs Alfonsus filius Regis Domni Alfonsi et Reginæ Domnæ Beatricis”[108]. Senhor de Portoalegre Castel-de-Vides Ourem Sintra Marvam e Arronches Leyra and Lourignan 1299. Governor of Guarda Lamego and Viseu. m ([1287]) doña VIOLANTE Manuel de Castilla, daughter of Infante don JUAN Manuel de Castilla Duque de Penafiel y Escalona & his first wife Infanta doña Constanza de Aragón ([1265]-Lisbon 1314, bur Lisbon Dominican monastery). The mid-14th Century Nobiliario of don Pedro de Portugal Conde de Barcelós names “doña Violante, hija del infante don Manuel de Castilla é de la infanta doña Constanza de Aragon” as wife of “el infante don Alonso de Portugal”[109]. Señora de Elda, Novelda, Medellín y ½ Peñafiel. Infante dom Afonso & his wife had five children:
a) dom AFONSO de Portugal ([1288]-1300). Senhor de Leiria.

b) dona MARIA de Portugal ([1290]-). The mid-14th Century Nobiliario of don Pedro de Portugal Conde de Barcelós records that “don Fernando” married “doña Maria, hija del infante don Alonso de Portugal é de doña Violante hija del Infante don Manuel”, adding that she had previously married “don Tello”[110]. m firstly ([1308/12]) don TELLO Afonso de Meneses 8th Señor de Meneses, Montealegre y San Ramón, son of don ALFONSO Téllez de Molina [Castilla] 7th Señor de Meneses & his wife doña Teresa Pérez de Asturias (-Tardejas 1315). m secondly (1315) don FERNANDO Díaz de Haro, Señor de Orduña y Valmaseda, son of don DIEGO López de Haro Señor Soberano de Vizcaya, Señor de Haro & his wife Infante doña Violante de Castilla.

c) dona ISABEL de Portugal ([1292]-shortly before 1367). The mid-14th Century Nobiliario of don Pedro de Portugal Conde de Barcelós records that “don Juan el Tuerto” married “doña Isabel, hija del infante don Alonso de Portugal é de doña Violante, hija del infante don Manuel de Castilla é de la infanta doña Constanza de Aragon”[111]. Senhora de Pinella e Miranda. m don JUAN de Castilla "el Tuerto" Señor Soberano de Vizcaya, son of Infante don JUAN de Castilla y León Señor de Valencia de Campos & his second wife doña María Díaz de Haro Señora Soberana de Vizcaya (after 1293[112]-murdered Toro 2 Dec 1326).

d) dona COSTANÇA de Portugal ([1294]-). m ([1295], not consummated) don NUÑO González de Lara, son of don JUAN Núñez de Lara & his second wife doña Teresa Díaz de Haro ([1284]-Valladolid 1296). Alférez of don Fernando IV "el Ajurno" King of Castile 3 Aug 1295 to 1296.

e) dona BRITES de Portugal ([1298]-). m as his first wife, don PEDRO Fernández de Castro "él de la Guerra" Señor de Lemos y Sarria, son of don Fernán Rodríguez de Castro & doña Violante Sánchez de Castilla (-killed in battle near Algeciras early Jun 1342).

Alfonso X of Castile
Alfonso X (November 23, 1221, Toledo, Spain – April 4, 1284, Seville, Spain) was a Spanish monarch who ruled as the King of Castile, León and Galicia from 1252 until his death. He also was elected German King (formally King of the Romans) in 1257. His nicknames were "el Sabio" ("the Wise" or "the Learned") and "el Astrólogo" ("the Astronomer").

As a ruler, Alfonso showed legislative capacity, and a wish to provide his kingdoms with a code of laws and a consistent judicial system. The Fuero Real was undoubtedly his work. He began the code called the Siete Partidas, which, however, was only promulgated by his great-grandson. Because of this, he is one of the 23 lawmakers depicted in the chamber of the United States House of Representatives.

Alfonso was the first king who initiated the use of the Castilian language extensively, although his father, Fernando III had begun to use it for some documents, instead of Latin, as the language used in courts, churches, and in books and official documents.

Throughout his reign, Alfonso contended with the nobles, particular the families of Nuño González de Lara, Diego López de Haro and Esteban Fernández de Castro, all of whom were formidable soldiers and instrumental in maintaining Castile's military strength in frontier territories. According to some scholars, Alfonso lacked the singleness of purpose required by a ruler who would devote himself to organization, and also the combination of firmness with temper needed for dealing with his nobles. Others have argued that his efforts were too singularly focused on the diplomatic and financial arrangements surrounding his bid for Holy Roman Emperor.

Alfonso's descent from the Hohenstaufen through his mother, a daughter of the emperor Philip of Swabia, gave him a claim to represent the Swabian line. Alfonso's election by the prince-electors of the Holy Roman Empire in 1257 misled him into wild schemes that involved excessive expense but never took effect. To obtain money, he debased the coinage and then endeavoured to prevent a rise in prices by an arbitrary tariff. The little trade of his dominions was ruined, and the burghers and peasants were deeply offended. His nobles, whom he tried to cow by sporadic acts of violence, rebelled against him.

As a writer and intellectual he gained considerable scientific fame based on his encouragement of astronomy and the Ptolemaic cosmology as known to him through the Arabs. (Because of this, the Alphonsus crater on the Moon is named after him). His fame extends to the preparation of the Alfonsine tables, based on calculations of al-Zarqali Alzarquel. One famous quote attributed to him was supposedly said upon hearing an explanation of Ptolemy's theory of astronomy and being shown the extremely complicated mathematics required to "prove" it - "If the Lord Almighty had consulted me before embarking on creation thus, I should have recommended something simpler." The validity of this quotation is questioned by some historians.

From the beginning of his reign, Alfonso began employing Jewish, Christian and Muslim scholars at his court, primarily for the purpose of translating books from Arabic into Old Spanish. Most of these books survive in only one manuscript and were almost certainly created for the private use of Alfonso and his inner circle, which included Jewish and Christian courtiers. The first translation, commissioned by his brother, Fernando de la Cerda -- who had extensive experience, both diplomatic and military, among the Muslims of southern Spain and north Africa -- was a Spanish version of the animal fable Kalila wa-Dimna, a book that belongs to the genre of wisdom literature labeled Mirrors for Princes: stories and sayings meant to instruct the monarch in proper and effective governance.

The primary intellectual work of these scholars centered on astronomy and astrology. The early period of Alfonso's reign saw the translation of selected works of magic (Lapidario, Picatrix, Libro de las formas et las ymagenes) all translated by a Jewish scholar named Yehudah ben Moshe (Yhuda Mosca, in the Old Spanish source texts). These were all highly ornate manuscripts (only the Lapidario survives in its entirety) containing what was believed to be secret knowledge on the magical properties of stones and talismans. In addition to these books of astral magic, Alfonso ordered the translation of well-known Arabic astrological compendia including, the Libro de las cruzes and Libro conplido en los iudizios de las estrellas. The first of these was, ironically, translated from Latin (it was used among the Visigoths), into Arabic, and then back into Spanish and Latin.

Alfonso X commissioned or co-authored numerous works of music during his reign. These works included Cantigas d'escarnio e maldicer and the Cantigas de Santa Maria.

Among the most important of the works by Alfonso X was the celebrated Cantigas de Santa Maria ("Songs to the Virgin Mary"), one of the largest collections of vernacular monophonic songs to survive from the Middle Ages. The Cantigas de Santa Maria consists of 420 poems written in Galician-Portuguese with musical notation. The poems are for the most part on miracles attributed to the Virgin Mary. One of the miracles Alfonso relates is his own healing in Puerto de Santa María.

Alfonso's eldest son, Ferdinand de la Cerda, Infante of Castile, died in 1275, leaving two infant sons. Alfonso's second son, Sancho, claimed to be the new heir, in preference to the children of Ferdinand de la Cerda, basing his claim on an old Castilian custom, that of proximity of blood and agnatic seniority. Alfonso preferred to leave the throne to his grandsons, but Sancho had the support of the nobility. A bitter civil war broke out resulting in 1282 Alfonso's being forced to accept Sancho as his heir instead of his young grandsons. Son and nobles alike supported the Moors when he tried to unite the nation in a crusade; and when he allied himself with Abu Yusuf Yakub, the ruling Marinid Sultan of Morocco, they denounced him as an enemy of the faith. A reaction in his favor was beginning in his later days, but he died defeated and deserted at Seville, leaving a will, by which he endeavored to exclude Sancho, and a heritage of civil war.

In 1246, Alfonso X married Violante of Aragon, the daughter of King James I of Aragon and Yolande of Hungary in 1249, although betrothed already in 1246. Because of her young age (Violante was only 13-years-old at the time of the marriage), she produced no children for several years and it was feared that she was barren. Alfonso almost had their marriage annulled, but they went on to have ten children:

Fernando, died in infancy, and buried in Las Huelgas in Burgos.

Berengaria of Castile (1253-after 1284). She was betrothed to Louis, the son and heir of King Louis IX of France, but her fiance died prematurely in 1260. She entered the convent in Las Huelgas, where she was living in 1284.

Beatriz of Castile (1254-1280). She married William VII, Marquess of Montferrat.

Ferdinand de la Cerda, Infante of Castile (October 23, 1255-July 25, 1275). He married Blanche, the daughter of King Louis IX of France, by whom he had two children. Because he predeceased his father, his younger brother Sancho inherited the throne.

Leonor of Castile (1257-1275)

Sancho IV of Castile (May 13, 1258-1295)

Constanza of Castile (1258-August 22, 1280), a nun at Las Huelgas.

Pedro of Castile (June 1260-October 10, 1283)

Juan of Castile, Lord of Valencia (March or April, 1262-June 25, 1319).

Isabella, died young.

Violante of Castile (1265-1296). She married Diego Lopez de Haro

Jaime of Castile (August 1266-August 9, 1284)

Alfonso X also had several illegitimate children. His illegitimate daughter, Beatriz de Castilla, married King Alfonso III of Portugal. An illegitimate son, Martin, was Abbot of Valladolid.

Alfonso III of Leon and Galicia (August 15, 1171 – September 23 or 24, 1230), first cousin of Alfonso VIII of Castile and numbered next to him as being a junior member of the family, was the king of León from the death of his father Ferdinand II in 1188 until his own death. According to Ibn Khaldun, he is said to have been called the Baboso or Slobberer because he was subject to fits of rage during which he foamed at the mouth.

Alfonso was the only son of King Ferdinand II of León and Urraca of Portugal. Though he took a part in the work of the reconquest, this king is chiefly remembered for the difficulties into which his successive marriages led him with the Pope. He was first married in 1191 to his cousin Teresa of Portugal, who bore him two daughters, and a son who died young.

He married Eleanor, Queen of Castile & Princess of England. The marriage was declared null by the Pope; however, Alfonso paid no attention until he was presumably tired of his wife. His next step was to marry his second cousin, Berenguela of Castile, in 1197. For this act of contumacy, the king and the kingdom were placed under interdict.

The Pope was, however, compelled to modify his measures by the threat that, if the people could not obtain the services of religion, they would not support the clergy, and that heresy would spread. The king was left under interdict personally, but to that he showed himself indifferent, and he had the support of his clergy. Eleanor left him after the birth of five children, and the king then returned to Teresa, to whose daughters he left his kingdom in his will.

Alfonso's children by Teresa of Portugal were:

Fernando (ca. 1192-August 1214), unmarried and without issue

Blessed Sancha (ca. 1193-1270) Dulce, also called Aldonza (1194/ca. 1195-ca./aft. 1243), unmarried and without issue

His eldest daughter, Sancha, was engaged to her cousin King Henry I of Castile, but Henry died in 1217 before the marriage could be solemnized. Wanting to disinherit his eldest son, Fernando, King Alfonso invited John of Brienne to marry his daughter Sancha and thus inherit the Leonese throne. However, Queen Berenguela convinced John of Brienne to marry one of her daughters instead. Though she was the nominal heiress on her father's death in 1230, Sancha was easily set aside by Berenguela and Fernando. Sancha became a nun at Cozollos, where she died in 1270; she was later beatified. Her sister Dulce-Aldonza spent her life with their mother in Portugal.

Alfonso's children by Berenguela of Castile were:

Leonor (1198/1199-October 31, 1210)

King Fernando III the Saint (1200-1252)

Alfonso, 4th Lord of Molina (1203-1272)

Berenguela of Leon (1204-1237), married John of Brienne

Constanza (May 1, 1200 or 1205-September 7, 1242), became a nun at Las Huelgas, Burgos, where she died

Alfonso also fathered many illegitimate children:

Alfonso's children by Aldonza Martínez da Silva (daughter of Martim Gomes da Silva & Urraca Rodrigues and subsequently wife with issue of Diego Froilaz, Conde de Cifuentes, had issue):

Pedro Alfonso of León, 1st Lord of Tenorio (ca. 1196/ca. 1200-1226), Grand Master of Santiago, married N de Villarmayor, and had issue

Alfonso Alfonso of León, died yong

Fernando Alfonso of León, died young

Rodrigo Alfonso of León (ca. 1210-ca. 1267), 1st Lord of Aliger and Governor of Zamora, married ca. 1240 to Inés Rodriguez de Cabrera (ca. 1200-), and had issue

Teresa Alfonso of León (ca. 1210-), wife of Nuno Gonzalez de Lara, el Bueno, señor de Lara

Aldonza Alonso of León (ca. 1212/ca. 1215-1266), wife of Diego Ramírez Froilaz, nephew of her stepfather, without issue, and of Pedro Ponce de Cabrera (ca. 1210-), and had issue, ancestors of the Ponce de León

Alfonso's child by Inés Iñíguez de Mendoza (ca. 1180-) (daughter of Lope Iñiguez de Mendoza, 1st Lord of Mendoza (ca. 1140-1189) and wife Teresa Ximénez de los Cameros (ca. 1150-)):

Urraca Alfonso of León (ca. 1190/ca. 1197-), first wife ca. 1230 of Lopo III Díaz de Haro (1192-December 15, 1236), 11th Sovereign Lord of Viscaya, and had issue

Alfonso's child by Estefánia Pérez de Limia, daughter of Pedro Arias de Limia and wife, subsequently wife of Rodrigo Suárez, Merino mayor of Galicia, had issue):

Fernando Alfonso of León (ca. 1211-), died young

Alfonso's children by Maua, of unknown origin:

Fernando Alfonso of León (ca. 1215/1218/1220-Salamanca, 1278/1279), Archdean of Santiago, married to Aldara de Ulloa and had issue

Alfonso's children by Dona Teresa Gil de Soverosa (ca. 1170-) (daughter of Dom Gil Vasques de Soverosa & first wife Maria Aires de Fornelos):

María Alfonso of León (ca. 1190/1200/1222-aft. 1252), married as his second wife Soeiro Aires de Valadares (ca. 1140-) and had issue and Álvaro Fernández de Lara (ca. 1200-) and had female issue, later mistress of her nephew Alfonso X of Castile

Sancha Alfonso of León (1210/ca. 1210-1270), a Nun after divorcing without issue Simón Ruíz, Lord of Los Cameros.

Martín Alfonso of León (ca. 1210/ca. 1225-1274/ca. 1275)

Urraca Alfonso of León (ca. 1210/1228-aft.1252, married twice, first to García Romeu of Tormos, without issue, then Pedro Núñez de Guzmán

Alfonso's other illegitimate child, mother unknown:

Mayor Alfonso de León, married Rodrigo Gómez de Trava, without issue

Alfonso IX was the first King in Western Europe who summoned the citizens to the Parliament (León's Cortes of 1188). He also founded the University of Salamanca in 1208.

Alfonso X (23 November 1221 – 4 April 1284) was a Castilian monarch who ruled as the King of Castile, León and Galicia from 1252 until his death. He also was elected King of the Germans in 1257.

He established Castilian as a language of higher learning and earned his nicknames "the Wise" or "the Learned" (Spanish: 'el Sabio', Galician: 'O Sabio') and "the Astrologer" (Spanish: 'el Astrólogo', Galician: 'O Astrólogo') through his own prolific writings, including Galician poetry.

Links
Alfonso X of Castile

See http://trees.ancestry.com/tree/25067072/person/12794561490
Alfonso X (also occasionally Alphonso X, Alphonse X, or Alfons X,[1] 23 November 1221 – 4 April 1284), called the Wise (Spanish: el Sabio), was the King of Castile, León and Galicia from 30 May 1252 until his death. During the Imperial election of 1257, a dissident faction chose him to be King of the Romans (Latin: Rex Romanorum; German: Römisch-deutscher König) on 1 April. He renounced his imperial claim in 1275, and in creating an alliance with England in 1254 his claim on Gascony also.
Alfonso X fostered the development of a cosmopolitan court that encouraged learning. Jews, Muslims, and Christians had prominent roles in his court. As a result of his encouraging the translation of works from Arabic and Latin into the vernacular of Castile, many intellectual changes took place, perhaps the most notable being encouragement of the use of Castilian as a primary language of higher learning, science, and law. Alfonso was a prolific author of Galician poetry, such as the Cantigas de Santa Maria, which are equally notable for their musical notation as for their literary merit. Alfonso's scientific interests—he is sometimes nicknamed "the Astrologer" (el Astrólogo)—led him to sponsor the creation of the Alfonsine tables, and the Alphonsus crater on the moon is named after him. As a legislator he introduced the first vernacular law code in Spain, the Siete Partidas. He created the Mesta, an association of sheep farmers in the central plain, but debased the coinage to finance his claim to the German crown. He fought a successful war with Portugal, but a less successful one with Granada. The end of his reign was marred by a civil war with his eldest surviving son, the future Sancho IV, which would continue after his death.

Reference: Ancestry Genealogy - SmartCopy: Aug 23 2017, 13:02:42 UTC
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Sancho Iv El Bravo, Rey De Castilla Y León ♛ Ref: 182731 |•••► #España #Genealogia #Genealogy

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Sancho IV el Bravo, rey de Castilla y León is your 18th great grandfatheYou→ Carlos Juan Felipe Antonio Vicente De La Cruz Urdaneta Alamo→ Carlos Juan Felipe Antonio Vicente De La Cruz Urdaneta Alamo
→ Enrique Jorge Urdaneta Lecuna
your father → Elena Cecilia Lecuna Escobar
his mother → María Elena de la Concepción Escobar Llamosas
her mother → Cecilia Cayetana de la Merced Llamosas Vaamonde de Escobar
her mother → Cipriano Fernando de Las Llamosas y García
her father → José Lorenzo de las Llamozas Silva
his father → Joseph Julián Llamozas Ranero
his father → Manuel Llamosas y Requecens
his father → Isabel de Requesens
his mother → Luis de Requeséns y Zúñiga, Virrey de Holanda
her father → Juan de Zúñiga Avellaneda y Velasco
his father → Pedro de Zúñiga y Avellaneda, II conde de Miranda del Castañar
his father → Aldonza Ochoa de Avellaneda, X Señora de Avellaneda
his mother → Constanza Ramirez De Arellano
her mother → Constanza de Sarmiento Enríquez de Castilla
her mother → Leonor de Castilla
her mother → Fadrique Alfonso, I señor de Haro
her father → Alfonso XI the Just, King of Castile and León
his father → Fernando IV el Emplazado, rey de Castilla y León
his father → Sancho IV el Bravo, rey de Castilla y León
his father
<---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------->
https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sancho_IV_de_Le%C3%A3o_e_Castela

MY KING:And grandpa !! Sancho IV el Bravo, rey de Castilla y León

http://en.fundacionmedinaceli.org/casaducal/fichaindividuo.aspx?id=6

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http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sancho_IV_el_Bravo

Sancho IV el Bravo, rey de Castilla y León (Valladolid, 12 de mayo de 1258 - † Toledo, 25 de abril de 1295). Rey de Castilla y León. Hijo de Alfonso X el Sabio, rey de Castilla y León, y de su esposa, la reina Violante de Aragón y Hungría, hija de Jaime I el Conquistador, rey de Aragón.

Sancho IV contrajo matrimonio con su tía María de Molina, nieta de Alfonso IX de León, en el año 1281. Fruto del matrimonio nacieron los siguientes hijos:

* Infanta Isabel de Castilla y de Molina (1283 - 1328), prometida en matrimonio a Jaime II de Aragón, quien la hizo regresar a Castilla, y con Juan III de Bretaña, duque de Bretaña y bisnieto de Enrique III de Inglaterra. * Fernando IV el Emplazado (1285 - 1312), coronado en 1295 como rey de Castilla y León con el título de Fernando IV a la muerte de su padre, Sancho IV el Bravo. Se encuentra sepultado en la Real Colegiata de San Hipólito de Córdoba junto con su hijo, Alfonso XI el Justiciero. * Infante Alfonso de Castilla y de Molina (1286 - 1291), fallecido en la infancia. * Infante Enrique de Castilla y Molina (1288 - 1299. Fallecido a los nueve años de edad. * Infante Pedro de Castilla y de Molina (1290 - 1319), fue Regente del Reino a la muerte de su hermano Fernando IV y falleció en el Desastre de la Vega de Granada, acaecido en 1319. Fue sepultado en el Monasterio de Santa María la Real de Las Huelgas de Burgos, junto con su esposa, la infanta María de Aragón y Anjou, hija de Jaime II de Aragón, y su hija, Blanca de Castilla y Aragón. * Infante Felipe de Castilla y de Molina (1292 - 1327); Regente del Reino desde 1319 hasta 1325, en que Alfonso XI el Justiciero alcanzó la mayoría de edad. Fue sepultado junto con su esposa, Margarita de la Cerda, en el Monasterio de las Dueñas de Santa Clara de Allariz, en Galicia. * Infanta Beatriz de Castilla y de Molina (1293 - 1359), reina de Portugal entre 1325 y 1357, por su matrimonio en el año 1309 con el heredero de la corona de Portugal, que reinaría como Alfonso IV de Portugal. Se encuentra sepultada junto con su esposo en la Catedral de Lisboa.
Fruto de su relación extramatrimonial con María de Meneses, señora de Ucero y prima segunda de la reina María de Molina nacieron los siguientes hijos:

* Violante Sánchez de Castilla. Contrajo matrimonio en 1293 con Fernando Rodríguez de Castro, señor de Lemos y Sarria. Fruto del matrimonio de ambos nació Pedro Fernández de Castro "el de la Guerra", fallecido en 1342. * Teresa Sánchez de Castilla. Contrajo matrimonio con Juan Alfonso de Meneses, conde de Barcelos y señor de Meneses, e hijo de Alfonso Téllez de Meneses, señor de Meneses.
Fruto de su relación con una dama cuyo nombre se desconoce nació:

* Alfonso Sánchez de Castilla. Contrajo matrimonio con María de Salcedo, hija de Diego López de Salcedo. Falleció sin descendencia.
Los comienzos del matrimonio con la reina María de Molina fueron dificultosos, pues el matrimonio no contaba con la imprescindible dispensa pontificia, debido a un doble motivo, ya que por un lado existían lazos de consaguineidad en tercer grado entre los contrayentes, y además existían unos esponsales previos del entonces infante Sancho, aunque nunca consumados, con una rica heredera catalana llamada Guillerma de Montcada. El matrimonio con María de Molina al principio fue considerado nulo y por tanto todos los hijos nacidos de él, se consideraban ilegítimos.

Sancho IV of Castile From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Sancho IV the Brave (1257 or 1258 – 25 April 1295, Toledo) was the king of Castile and León from 1284 to his death. He was the second son of Alfonso X and Yolanda, daughter of James I of Aragon. His elder brother, Ferdinand de la Cerda, died in November 1275, and in 1282 Sancho assembled a coalition of nobles to declare for him against Ferdinand's son Alfonso, then took control of the kingdom when Alfonso X died in 1284. This was all against the wishes of their father, but Sancho was crowned in Toledo nevertheless. Sancho was recognised and supported by the majority of the nobility and the cities, but a sizable minority opposed him throughout his reign and worked for the heirs of Ferdinand de la Cerda. One of the leaders of the opposition was Don Juan, his uncle, who united to his cause the lord of Vizcaya, Lope Díaz III de Haro. Sancho responded by executing the lord of Vizcaya and incarcerating his uncle. According to the chroniclers, he cemented his hold on power by executing 4,000 other followers of the infante Alfonso, son of Ferdinand de la Cerda, in Badajoz. He executed 400 more in Talavera and much more als in Ávila and Toledo. Upon dispensing with this opposition, Sancho pardoned his uncle, who was released. Don Juan bided his time before fomenting revolt again: the conflict over Tarifa. He called in the aid of the Marinids of Morroco and besieged Guzmán the Good in his castle (1291). At this siege occurred that famous act of heroism, the innocent death of the son of Guzmán. Tarifa was faithfully defended until Sancho could rescue it and the Marinids retreated to Morroco. The intent of both Don Juan and the king of Morroco (to invade) was foiled. When James II succeeded to the Crown of Aragon, he endeavoured to bind the two crowns more closely and to unite in the Reconquista. Indeed, both of James predecessors had tried to do likewise. Sancho was also the friend and tutor of Juan Manuel, Lord of Villena. Just before succumbing to a fatal illness, he appointed his queen, María de Molina, to act as regent for his nine year-old son, Ferdinand IV. He died in 1295 in Toledo. [edit]Family

Sancho married Maria de Molina in 1282 and they had the following children: Isabella of Castile (1283-1328). Married first James II of Aragon and secondly John III, Duke of Brittany. Ferdinand IV (1285-1312). Alfonso (1286-1291) Enrique (1288-1299) Pedro of Castile (1290-1319). Married Maria of Aragon, daughter of James II of Aragon. Their daughter, Blanca of Castile, married and later divorced Peter I of Portugal. Felipe (1292-1327). Married his cousin Margarita de la Cerda, daughter of Ferdinand de la Cerda, Infante of Castile. Beatrice of Castile (1293-1359). Married Afonso IV of Portugal.

Sancho IV the Brave (1257 or 1258 – 25 April 1295, Toledo) was the king of Castile, León and Galicia from 1284 to his death. He was the second son of Alfonso X and Yolanda, daughter of James I of Aragon.

His elder brother, Ferdinand de la Cerda, died in November 1275, and in 1282 Sancho assembled a coalition of nobles to declare for him against Ferdinand's son Alfonso, then took control of the kingdom when Alfonso X died in 1284. This was all against the wishes of their father, but Sancho was crowned in Toledo nevertheless.

Sancho was recognised and supported by the majority of the nobility and the cities, but a sizable minority opposed him throughout his reign and worked for the heirs of Ferdinand de la Cerda. One of the leaders of the opposition was Don Juan, his uncle, who united to his cause the lord of Vizcaya, Lope Díaz III de Haro. Sancho responded by executing the lord of Vizcaya and incarcerating his uncle. According to the chroniclers, he cemented his hold on power by executing 4,000 other followers of the infante Alfonso, son of Ferdinand de la Cerda, in Badajoz. He executed 400 more in Talavera and much more als in Ávila and Toledo.

Upon dispensing with this opposition, Sancho pardoned his uncle, who was released. Don Juan bided his time before fomenting revolt again: the conflict over Tarifa. He called in the aid of the Marinids of Morocco and besieged Guzmán the Good in his castle (1291). At this siege occurred that famous act of heroism, the innocent death of the son of Guzmán. Tarifa was faithfully defended until Sancho could rescue it and the Marinids retreated to Morocco. The intent of both Don Juan and the king of Morocco (to invade) was foiled.

When James II succeeded to the Crown of Aragon, he endeavoured to bind the two crowns more closely and to unite in the Reconquista. Indeed, both of James predecessors had tried to do likewise. Sancho was also the friend and tutor of Juan Manuel, Lord of Villena.

Just before succumbing to a fatal illness, he appointed his queen, María de Molina, to act as regent for his nine year-old son, Ferdinand IV. He died in 1295 in Toledo.

[edit] Family Sancho married Maria de Molina in 1282 and they had the following children:

Isabella of Castile (1283-1328). Married first James II of Aragon and secondly John III, Duke of Brittany. Ferdinand IV (1285-1312). Alfonso (1286-1291) Peter (1290-1319) married Maria daughter of James II of Aragon Enrique (1288-1299) Felipe (1292-1327). Married his cousin Margarita de la Cerda, daughter of Alfonso de la Cerda (1270-1333).[1] Beatrice of Castile (1293-1359). Married Afonso IV of Portugal. He had several bastard children before his marriage as well. by an unknown woman:

Teresa Sanchez, who married Joao Afonso de Menezes, the 1st Earl of Barcelos, Portugal by Maria Afonso Teles de Menezes:

Violante Sanchez, who held the dowry of Uzero, married Fernando Rodriguez de Castro, Lord of Lemos.[2] by Maria Perez:

Alfonso Sanchez, who married Maria Diaz de Haro, without issue. [edit] Notes 1.^ Medieval Iberia: An Encyclopedia, Ed. E. Michael Gerli and Samuel G. Armistead, (Routledge, 2003), 50. 2.^ XXV años de la Escuela de Genealogía, Heráldica y Nobiliaria, Ed. Escuela de Genealogía, Heráldica y Nobiliaria, (Hidalguia, 1985), 431. [edit] References XXV años de la Escuela de Genealogía, Heráldica y Nobiliaria, Ed. Escuela de Genealogía, Heráldica y Nobiliaria, Hidalguia, 1985. Preceded by Alfonso X King of Castile and León 1284–1295 Succeeded by Ferdinand IV Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sancho_IV_of_Castile" Categories: House of Burgundy-Spain | Castilian monarchs | Roman Catholic monarchs | 13th-century Spanish people | 1250s births | 1295 deaths

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sancho_IV_of_Castile
Sancho IV the Brave (1257 or 1258 – 25 April 1295, Toledo) was the king of Castile, León and Galicia from 1284 to his death. He was the second son of Alfonso X and Yolanda, daughter of James I of Aragon.
His elder brother, Ferdinand de la Cerda, died in November 1275, and in 1282 Sancho assembled a coalition of nobles to declare for him against Ferdinand's son Alfonso, then took control of the kingdom when Alfonso X died in 1284. This was all against the wishes of their father, but Sancho was crowned in Toledo nevertheless.

Sancho was recognised and supported by the majority of the nobility and the cities, but a sizable minority opposed him throughout his reign and worked for the heirs of Ferdinand de la Cerda. One of the leaders of the opposition was Don Juan, his uncle, who united to his cause the lord of Vizcaya, Lope Díaz III de Haro. Sancho responded by executing the lord of Vizcaya and incarcerating his uncle. According to the chroniclers, he cemented his hold on power by executing 4,000 other followers of the infante Alfonso, son of Ferdinand de la Cerda, in Badajoz. He executed 400 more in Talavera and much more als in Ávila and Toledo.

Upon dispensing with this opposition, Sancho pardoned his uncle, who was released. Don Juan bided his time before fomenting revolt again: the conflict over Tarifa. He called in the aid of the Marinids of Morocco and besieged Guzmán the Good in his castle (1291). At this siege occurred that famous act of heroism, the innocent death of the son of Guzmán. Tarifa was faithfully defended until Sancho could rescue it and the Marinids retreated to Morocco. The intent of both Don Juan and the king of Morocco (to invade) was foiled.

When James II succeeded to the Crown of Aragon, he endeavoured to bind the two crowns more closely and to unite in the Reconquista. Indeed, both of James predecessors had tried to do likewise. Sancho was also the friend and tutor of Juan Manuel, Lord of Villena.

Just before succumbing to a fatal illness, he appointed his queen, María de Molina, to act as regent for his nine year-old son, Ferdinand IV. He died in 1295 in Toledo.

[edit] Family

Sancho married Maria de Molina in 1282 and they had the following children:

* Isabella of Castile (1283-1328). Married first James II of Aragon and secondly John III, Duke of Brittany.
* Ferdinand IV (1285-1312).
* Alfonso (1286-1291)
* Peter (1290-1319) married Maria daughter of James II of Aragon
* Enrique (1288-1299)
* Felipe (1292-1327). Married his cousin Margarita de la Cerda, daughter of Ferdinand de la Cerda, Infante of Castile.
* Beatrice of Castile (1293-1359). Married Afonso IV of Portugal.
He had several bastard children before his marriage as well. by an unknown woman:

* Teresa Sanchez, who married Joao Afonso de Menezes, the 1st Earl of Barcelos, Portugal
by Maria Afonso Teles de Menezes:

* Violante Sanchez, who held the dowry of Uzero, married Fernando Rodriguez de Castro, Lord of Lemos.
by Maria Perez:

* Alfonso Sanchez, who married Maria Diaz de Haro, without issue.
Sancho IV the Brave (1257 or 1258 – 25 April 1295, Toledo) was the king of Castile and León from 1284 to his death. He was the second son of Alfonso X and Yolanda, daughter of James I of Aragon.

His elder brother, Ferdinand de la Cerda, died in November 1275, and in 1282 Sancho assembled a coalition of nobles to declare for him against Ferdinand's son Alfonso, then took control of the kingdom when Alfonso X died in 1284. This was all against the wishes of their father, but Sancho was crowned in Toledo nevertheless.

Sancho was recognised and supported by the majority of the nobility and the cities, but a sizable minority opposed him throughout his reign and worked for the heirs of Ferdinand de la Cerda. One of the leaders of the opposition was Don Juan, his uncle, who united to his cause the lord of Vizcaya, Lope Díaz III de Haro. Sancho responded by executing the lord of Vizcaya and incarcerating his uncle. According to the chroniclers, he cemented his hold on power by executing 4,000 other followers of the infante Alfonso, son of Ferdinand de la Cerda, in Badajoz. He executed 400 more in Talavera and much more als in Ávila and Toledo.

Upon dispensing with this opposition, Sancho pardoned his uncle, who was released. Don Juan bided his time before fomenting revolt again: the conflict over Tarifa. He called in the aid of the Marinids of Morroco and besieged Guzmán the Good in his castle (1291). At this siege occurred that famous act of heroism, the innocent death of the son of Guzmán. Tarifa was faithfully defended until Sancho could rescue it and the Marinids retreated to Morroco. The intent of both Don Juan and the king of Morroco (to invade) was foiled.

When James II succeeded to the Crown of Aragon, he endeavoured to bind the two crowns more closely and to unite in the Reconquista. Indeed, both of James predecessors had tried to do likewise. Sancho was also the friend and tutor of Juan Manuel, Lord of Villena.

Just before succumbing to a fatal illness, he appointed his queen, María de Molina, to act as regent for his nine year-old son, Ferdinand IV. He died in 1295 in Toledo.

Sancho married Maria de Molina in 1282 and they had the following children:

Isabella of Castile (1283-1328). Married first James II of Aragon and secondly John III, Duke of Brittany.

Ferdinand IV (1285-1312).

Alfonso (1286-1291)

Enrique (1288-1299)

Felipe (1292-1327). Married his cousin Margarita de la Cerda, daughter of Ferdinand de la Cerda, Infante of Castile.

Beatrice of Castile (1293-1359). Married Afonso IV of Portugal.

Sancho IV of Castile

Sancho IV the Brave (1257 or 1258 – 25 April 1295, Toledo) was the king of Castile and León from 1284 to his death. He was the second son of Alfonso X and Yolanda, daughter of James I of Aragon.

His elder brother, Ferdinand de la Cerda, died in November 1275, and in 1282 Sancho assembled a coalition of nobles to declare for him against Ferdinand's son Alfonso, then took control of the kingdom when Alfonso X died in 1284. This was all against the wishes of their father, but Sancho was crowned in Toledo nevertheless.

Sancho was recognised and supported by the majority of the nobility and the cities, but a sizable minority opposed him throughout his reign and worked for the heirs of Ferdinand de la Cerda. One of the leaders of the opposition was Don Juan, his uncle, who united to his cause the lord of Vizcaya, Lope Díaz III de Haro. Sancho responded by executing the lord of Vizcaya and incarcerating his uncle. According to the chroniclers, he cemented his hold on power by executing 4,000 other followers of the infante Alfonso, son of Ferdinand de la Cerda, in Badajoz. He executed 400 more in Talavera and much more als in Ávila and Toledo.

Upon dispensing with this opposition, Sancho pardoned his uncle, who was released. Don Juan bided his time before fomenting revolt again: the conflict over Tarifa. He called in the aid of the Marinids of Morroco and besieged Guzmán the Good in his castle (1291). At this siege occurred that famous act of heroism, the innocent death of the son of Guzmán. Tarifa was faithfully defended until Sancho could rescue it and the Marinids retreated to Morroco. The intent of both Don Juan and the king of Morroco (to invade) was foiled.

When James II succeeded to the Crown of Aragon, he endeavoured to bind the two crowns more closely and to unite in the Reconquista. Indeed, both of James predecessors had tried to do likewise. Sancho was also the friend and tutor of Juan Manuel, Lord of Villena.

Just before succumbing to a fatal illness, he appointed his queen, María de Molina, to act as regent for his nine year-old son, Ferdinand IV. He died in 1295 in Toledo.

Sancho married Maria de Molina in 1282 and they had the following children:

Isabella of Castile (1283-1328). Married first James II of Aragon and secondly John III, Duke of Brittany.

Ferdinand IV (1285-1312).

Alfonso (1286-1291)

Enrique (1288-1299)

Felipe (1292-1327). Married his cousin Margarita de la Cerda, daughter of Ferdinand de la Cerda, Infante of Castile.

Beatrice of Castile (1293-1359). Married Afonso IV of Portugal.

See http://trees.ancestry.com/tree/25067072/person/12794559053

Rey de Castilla Información personal Reinado 1284 – 1295 Nacimiento 12 de mayo de 1258 Valladolid Fallecimiento 25 de abril de 1295 Toledo Entierro Catedral de Toledo Predecesor Alfonso X Sucesor Fernando IV Familia Casa real Casa de Borgoña Padre Alfonso X de Castilla Madre Violante de Aragón Cónyuge María de Molina Descendencia Véase Matrimonio y descendencia Royal Coat of Arms of the Crown of Castile (1284-1390).svg Escudo de Sancho IV de Castilla [editar datos en Wikidata] Sancho IV de Castilla (Valladolid, 12 de mayo de 1258 – Toledo, 25 de abril de 1295), llamado «el Bravo», fue rey de Castillaa (1284–1295). Era hijo del rey Alfonso X de Castilla, y de su esposa, la reina Violante de Aragón, hija de Jaime I el Conquistador, rey de Aragón.
Índice [ocultar] 1 Biografía 1.1 La sucesión de Alfonso X 1.2 Reinado 2 Cultura 3 Sepultura de Sancho IV 4 Matrimonio y descendencia 5 Ancestros 6 Anécdotas 7 Véase también 8 Notas 9 Referencias 10 Bibliografía 11 Enlaces externos Biografía[editar] La llegada de Sancho IV al trono vino motivada, en parte, por el rechazo de un sector de la alta sociedad castellana a la política de su padre, Alfonso X, y a su admiración por la cultura árabe y judía.

La sucesión de Alfonso X[editar] El hijo primogénito de Alfonso X y heredero al trono, don Fernando de la Cerda, murió en 1275 en Villa Real, cuando se dirigía a hacer frente a una invasión norteafricana en Andalucía. De acuerdo con el derecho consuetudinario castellano, en caso de muerte del primogénito en la sucesión a la Corona, los derechos debían recaer en el segundogénito, Sancho; sin embargo, el derecho romano privado introducido en el código de Las Siete Partidas establecía que la sucesión debía corresponder a los hijos de Fernando de la Cerda.

El rey Alfonso se inclinó en principio por satisfacer las aspiraciones de don Sancho, que se había distinguido en la guerra contra los invasores islámicos en sustitución de su difunto hermano. Pero posteriormente, presionado por su esposa Violante de Aragón y por Felipe III de Francia, tío de los llamados «infantes de la Cerda» (hijos de don Fernando), se vio obligado a compensar a éstos. Sancho se enfrentó a su padre cuando éste pretendió crear un reino en Jaén para el mayor de los hijos del antiguo heredero, Alfonso de la Cerda.

Finalmente, Sancho y buena parte de la nobleza del reino se rebelaron, llegando a desposeer a Alfonso X de sus poderes, aunque no del título de rey (1282). Sólo Sevilla, Murcia y Badajoz permanecieron fieles al viejo monarca. Alfonso maldijo a su hijo, a quien desheredó en su testamento, y ayudado por sus antiguos enemigos los benimerines empezó a recuperar su posición. Cuando cada vez más nobles y ciudades rebeldes iban abandonando la facción de Sancho, murió el Rey Sabio en Sevilla, el 4 de abril de 1284.

Reinado[editar]

Estatua conmemorativa a la toma de la ciudad de Tarifa situada a las puertas de su castillo. Sancho se alzó como rey sin respetar la voluntad de su padre y fue coronado en Toledo el 30 de abril de 1284. Fue reconocido por la mayoría de los pueblos y de los nobles, pero al mismo tiempo hubo un grupo bastante numeroso de partidarios de los Infantes de la Cerda que reclamaban el acatamiento del testamento en cuestión, el rey Alfonso III de Aragón hizo proclamar a Alfonso de la Cerda como rey de Castilla en Jaca en 1288, e hizo una breve campaña en Castilla (1289-1290).1

Durante todo el reinado de Sancho IV hubo luchas internas y peleas por alcanzar el poder. Uno de los personajes que más discordias provocó fue su hermano el infante don Juan y a su causa se unió el noble don Lope Díaz III de Haro, VIII señor de Vizcaya. El rey Sancho hizo ejecutar al de Haro y mandó encarcelar al infante. También, según cuentan las crónicas, dio la orden de ejecutar a 4.000 seguidores de los infantes de la Cerda, pasándolos a cuchillo en la ciudad de Badajoz, a 400 en Talavera y a otros muchos en Ávila y Toledo. En 1285 nombró a Pedro Álvarez de las Asturias mayordomo mayor del reino.

Después de estos acontecimientos, perdonó a su hermano don Juan, quien al poco tiempo volvió a sublevarse, ocasionando el conflicto de Tarifa. Don Juan llamó en su ayuda a los benimerines de Marruecos y sitiaron la plaza que estaba defendida por su gobernador Guzmán el Bueno, señor de León. Allí ocurrió el famoso acto heroico y la muerte inocente del hijo de Guzmán. La plaza de Tarifa fue fielmente defendida y los benimerines regresaron a su lugar de origen. Se desbarataron de esta manera los planes del infante don Juan y los del sultán de Marruecos, que pretendía una invasión.

Cuando subió al trono de Aragón en 1291 Jaime II, hubo un acercamiento con Sancho IV plasmado en el Tratado de Monteagudo.2 Por otra parte, Sancho IV fue un gran amigo, además de tutor, del personaje histórico conocido como el Infante don Juan Manuel.

Sancho murió en 1295, dejando como heredero a su hijo Fernando, de nueve años. Dejó también la herencia de las disputas y rivalidades con los infantes de la Cerda y sus partidarios.

Cultura[editar] La época de Sancho IV fue casi tan activa en la composición de libros como la de su padre. Así, además del libro Castigos y documentos del rey don Sancho (colección de sentencias e historias para la educación del príncipe heredero), promueve la traducción de dos grandes enciclopedias: el Libro del Tesoro, versión casi literal de Li livres dou tresor, de Brunetto Latini y el Lucidario, traducción muy libre del Elucidarius de Honorio de Autun. También se elaboró, entre 1284 y 1289, la denominada Versión sanchina de la Estoria de España de Alfonso X el Sabio.

Sepultura de Sancho IV[editar] A su muerte, el cadáver de Sancho IV recibió sepultura en la Capilla de Santa Cruz de la Catedral de Toledo, cumpliéndose así la voluntad del monarca, expresada en su testamento. 3 El monarca, años antes de su fallecimiento, ordenó la erección de la Capilla de Santa Cruz de la Catedral de Toledo, lugar al que hizo trasladar el día 21 de noviembre de 1289 los restos de los reyes Alfonso VII el Emperador, Sancho III el Deseado y Sancho II de Portugal, que se encontraban sepultados en la capilla del Espíritu Santo de la catedral.4

Al lado del sepulcro que contenía los restos de Alfonso VII el Emperador, fue colocado el sepulcro en el que recibió sepultura el cadáver de Sancho IV, y que había sido labrado en vida de éste último, aunque posteriormente, en 1308, la reina María de Molina, lo sustituyó por otro sepulcro más suntuoso.3 A finales del siglo XV, el cardenal Cisneros ordenó edificar la actual capilla mayor de la Catedral de Toledo, en el lugar que ocupaba la capilla de Santa Cruz. Una vez obtenido el consentimiento de los Reyes Católicos, la capilla de Santa Cruz fue demolida y, los restos de los reyes allí sepultados, fueron trasladados a los sepulcros que el Cardenal Cisneros ordenó labrar al escultor Diego Copín de Holanda, y que fueron colocados en el nuevo presbiterio de la catedral toledana.

El mausoleo destinado a albergar los restos de Sancho IV y los de Sancho III de Castilla, se encuentra situado en el lado de la Epístola, y fue realizado por el escultor Diego Copín de Holanda. La disposición del mausoleo es similar al destinado a albergar los restos de Alfonso VII de León y del infante Pedro de Aguilar, hijo ilegítimo de Alfonso XI, situado enfrente de él.3 La estatua yacente que representa a Sancho IV se encuentra colocada por debajo de la que representa a Sancho III. La estatua representa a Sancho IV con aspecto juvenil, apoyando la cabeza sobre un almohadón, descalzo, y vistiendo un hábito franciscano, con cordón.

En 1947, en el transcurso de una exploración arqueológica efectuada en el presbiterio de la Catedral de Toledo, a fin de localizar los restos del rey Sancho II de Portugal y de que fueran devueltos a su país, fueron encontrados los restos de Sancho IV.5

Los restos del rey se encontraban momificados, en buen estado, encontrándose el soberano desnudo de cintura para arriba, y llevando un hábito franciscano, sujeto a la cintura del monarca mediante un cordón franciscano.5 El soberano, que en vida debió sobrepasar los dos metros de estatura, llevaba una corona de plata sobredorada sobre sus sienes, adornada con camafeos romanos y zafiros, y sujeta mediante un cordón que pasaba bajo el mentón del monarca. El cadáver empuñaba una espada, de empuñadura sobredorada, y en la hoja de la espada aparecía grabada una inscripción de la que sólo se conservaban algunos fragmentos, encontrándose oxidada la hoja en algunas partes. La longitud de la espada, que no se corresponde con la elevada estatura del soberano, y alguna referencia documental sobre la corona de su abuelo Fernando III invitan a pensar que habría recibido ambas piezas por herencia.6

Tras el examen de los restos, el cardenal Enrique Plá y Deniel, arzobispo de Toledo, ordenó que el cadáver de Sancho IV fuera vestido con un hábito franciscano, y depositado de nuevo en su mausoleo del presbiterio de la catedral toledana.7

Matrimonio y descendencia[editar]

Arco de Tarifa con una placa en honor a quienes lucharon en el conflicto de Tarifa. Sancho IV contrajo matrimonio con su tía María de Molina, hija del infante Alfonso de Molina y nieta del rey Alfonso IX de León, en el año 1281. De este matrimonio nacieron siete hijos:

Isabel de Castilla (1283–1328), reina consorte de Aragón. Fernando IV de Castilla (1285–1312). Alfonso de Castilla (1286–1291), falleció a los cinco años de edad. Enrique de Castilla (1288–1299), falleció a los once años de edad. Pedro de Castilla (1290–1319), señor de los Cameros. Felipe de Castilla (1292–1327), señor de Cabrera y Ribera y Pertiguero mayor de Santiago. Beatriz de Castilla (1293–1359). Reina consorte de Portugal entre 1325 y 1357 por su matrimonio con Alfonso IV de Portugal. Fruto de su relación extramatrimonial con María de Meneses, señora de Ucero y prima segunda de la reina María de Molina nacieron los siguientes hijos:8

Violante Sánchez de Castilla, contrajo matrimonio en 1293 con Fernando Rodríguez de Castro, señor de Lemos y Sarria. Fue sepultada en el monasterio de Sancti Spiritus de Salamanca. Teresa Sánchez de Castilla, contrajo matrimonio con Juan Alfonso Téllez de Meneses, I conde de Barcelos y IV señor de Alburquerque, e hijo de Rodrigo Anes de Meneses, III señor de Alburquerque, y de Teresa Martínez de Soverosa esta última nieta de Gil Vázquez de Soverosa9 . Después de enviudar de su primer esposo, el conde de Barcelos, en mayo de 1304, Teresa contrajo un segundo matrimonio con Ruy Gil de Villalobos, ricohombre, y tuvo una hija llamada María Rodríguez de Villalobos, la segunda esposa de Lope Fernández Pacheco, y testamentaria de su sobrino Juan Alfonso de Alburquerque.10 De su relación con una dama cuyo nombre se desconoce nació:11

Alfonso Sánchez de Castilla, esposo de María de Salcedo, hija de Diego López de Salcedo. Falleció sin dejar descendencia. Los comienzos del matrimonio con la reina María de Molina fueron dificultosos, pues el matrimonio no contaba con la imprescindible dispensa pontificia, debido a un doble motivo, ya que por un lado existían lazos de consanguinidad en tercer grado entre los contrayentes, y además existían unos esponsales previos del entonces infante Sancho, aunque nunca consumados, con una rica heredera catalana llamada Guillerma de Montcada. El matrimonio con María de Molina al principio fue considerado nulo y por tanto todos los hijos nacidos de él, se consideraban ilegítimos.

Sancho IV de Castilla (Valladolid, 12 de mayo de 1258 – Toledo, 25 de abril de 1295), llamado «el Bravo», fue rey de Castilla (1284–1295). Era hijo del rey Alfonso X de Castilla, y de su esposa, la reina Violante de Aragón, hija de Jaime I el Conquistador, rey de Aragón. La llegada de Sancho IV al trono vino motivada, en parte, por el rechazo de un sector de la alta sociedad castellana a la política de su padre, Alfonso X, y a su admiración por la cultura árabe y judía. El hijo primogénito de Alfonso X y heredero al trono, don Fernando de la Cerda, murió en 1275 en Villa Real, cuando se dirigía a hacer frente a una invasión norteafricana en Andalucía. De acuerdo con el derecho consuetudinario castellano, en caso de muerte del primogénito en la sucesión a la Corona, los derechos debían recaer en el segundogénito, Sancho; sin embargo, el derecho romano privado introducido en el código de Las Siete Partidas establecía que la sucesión debía corresponder a los hijos de Fernando de la Cerda. El rey Alfonso se inclinó en principio por satisfacer las aspiraciones de don Sancho, que se había distinguido en la guerra contra los invasores islámicos en sustitución de su difunto hermano. Pero posteriormente, presionado por su esposa Violante de Aragón y por Felipe III de Francia, tío de los llamados «infantes de la Cerda» (hijos de don Fernando), se vio obligado a compensar a éstos. Sancho se enfrentó a su padre cuando éste pretendió crear un reino en Jaén para el mayor de los hijos del antiguo heredero, Alfonso de la Cerda. Finalmente, Sancho y buena parte de la nobleza del reino se rebelaron, llegando a desposeer a Alfonso X de sus poderes, aunque no del título de rey (1282). Sólo Sevilla, Murcia y Badajoz permanecieron fieles al viejo monarca. Alfonso maldijo a su hijo, a quien desheredó en su testamento, y ayudado por sus antiguos enemigos los benimerines empezó a recuperar su posición. Cuando cada vez más nobles y ciudades rebeldes iban abandonando la facción de Sancho, murió el Rey Sabio en Sevilla, el 4 de abril de 1284. Sancho se alzó como rey sin respetar la voluntad de su padre y fue coronado en Toledo el 30 de abril de 1284. Fue reconocido por la mayoría de los pueblos y de los nobles, pero al mismo tiempo hubo un grupo bastante numeroso de partidarios de los Infantes de la Cerda que reclamaban el acatamiento del testamento en cuestión, el rey Alfonso III de Aragón hizo proclamar a Alfonso de la Cerda como rey de Castilla en Jaca en 1288, e hizo una breve campaña en Castilla (1289-1290). Durante todo el reinado de Sancho IV hubo luchas internas y peleas por alcanzar el poder. Uno de los personajes que más discordias provocó fue el infante don Juan (hijo de Alfonso X) y a su causa se unió el noble don Lope Díaz III de Haro, VIII señor de Vizcaya. El rey Sancho hizo ejecutar al de Haro y mandó encarcelar a su hermano el infante don Juan. También, según cuentan las crónicas, dio la orden de ejecutar a 4.000 seguidores de los infantes de la Cerda, pasándolos a cuchillo en la ciudad de Badajoz, a 400 en Talavera y a otros muchos en Ávila y Toledo. Después de estos acontecimientos, perdonó a su hermano don Juan, quien al poco tiempo volvió a sublevarse, ocasionando el conflicto de Tarifa. Don Juan llamó en su ayuda a los benimerines de Marruecos y sitiaron la plaza que estaba defendida por su gobernador Guzmán el Bueno, señor de León. Allí ocurrió el famoso acto heroico y la muerte inocente del hijo de Guzmán. La plaza de Tarifa fue fielmente defendida y los benimerines regresaron a su lugar de origen. Se desbarataron de esta manera los planes del infante don Juan y los del sultán de Marruecos, que pretendía una invasión. Cuando subió al trono de Aragón en 1291 Jaime II, hubo un acercamiento con Sancho IV plasmado en el Tratado de Monteagudo. Por otra parte, Sancho IV fue un gran amigo, además de tutor, del personaje histórico conocido como el Infante don Juan Manuel. Sancho murió en 1295, dejando como heredero a su hijo Fernando, de nueve años. Dejó también la herencia de las disputas y rivalidades con los infantes de la Cerda y sus partidarios.
http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sancho_IV_de_Castilla

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Also Known As: English (default): "The Fierce", King Sancho IV of Castille, The Brave, El Bravo, the Brave, Sancho IV el Bravo, rey de Castilla y León, Sancho IV de Castilla y León (Geni Tree Match) Too Many Ancestors, Rei de Castilla y León
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