sábado, 18 de junio de 2022

King Philippe VI de de Valois ♛ Ref: KF-1293 |•••► #FRANCIA 🇫🇷🏆 #Genealogía #Genealogy


 (Es Tu Primo Cuarto 13 Veces Removido)-is your fourth cousin 13 times removed de: Carlos Juan Felipe Antonio Vicente De La Cruz Urdaneta Alamo →Philippe VI le Fortuné is your fourth cousin 13 times removed.


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 (Linea Materna)

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Philippe VI le Fortuné is your fourth cousin 13 times removed.of→ Carlos Juan Felipe Antonio Vicente De La Cruz Urdaneta Alamo→  Morella Álamo Borges

your mother → Belén Eloina Alamo

her mother → Belén de Jesús Ustáriz Lecuna

her mother → Miguel María Ramón de Jesús Uztáriz y Monserrate

her father → María de Guía de Jesús de Monserrate é Ibarra

his mother → Teniente Coronel Manuel José de Monserrate y Urbina

her father → Antonieta Felicita Javiera Ignacia de Urbina y Hurtado de Mendoza

his mother → Isabel Manuela Josefa Hurtado de Mendoza y Rojas Manrique

her mother → Juana de Rojas Manrique de Mendoza

her mother → Constanza de Mendoza Mate de Luna

her mother → Mayor de Mendoza Manzanedo

her mother → Juan Fernández De Mendoza Y Manuel

her father → Sancha Manuel

his mother → Sancho Manuel de Villena Castañeda, señor del Infantado y Carrión de los Céspedes

her father → Manuel de Castilla, señor de Escalona

his father → Saint Ferdinand III, king of Castile & León

his father → Berenguela I la Grande, reina de Castilla

his mother → Blanche de Castille, reine consort de France

her sister → Charles I, King of Sicily

her son → Charles II "the Lame", King of Naples

his son → Marguerite d'Anjou, comtesse d'Anjou et du Maine

his daughter → Philippe VI le Fortuné

her sonConsistency CheckShow short path | Share this path

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Philippe VI le Fortuné is your third cousin 14 times removed's husband.


King Philippe VI de de Valois  MP 

Gender: Male

Birth: November 17, 1293

Fontainebleau, Seine-et-Marne, Ile-de-France, France 

Death: August 22, 1350 (56)

Nogent-le-Roi, Eure-et-Loir, Centre-Val de Loire, France (Probablement la peste) 

Place of Burial: Basilique Saint Denis, Saint-Denis, Seine-Saint-Denis, Île-de-France, France

Immediate Family:

Son of Charles of France, Count of Valois and Marguerite d'Anjou, comtesse d'Anjou et du Maine

Husband of Jeanne de Bourgogne, reine de France and Blanche de Navarre, reine de France

Father of Jean II le Bon de Valois, roi de France; Philippe de Valois, duc d'Orléans; Marie de Valois de France; Louis de Valois; Louis de Valois, (mort jeune) and 4 others

Brother of Jeanne de Valois, Countess of Hainault; Isabelle de Valois; Charles 'le Magnanime' de Valois, baron de Châteauneuf and Catherine de Valois

Half brother of Margaret de Brossard; Antoine Valois (de Brossard); Anne Valois (de Brossard); Jean de Valois, Comte de Chartres; Catherine II de Valois-Courtenay, Titular Empress of Constantinople and 6 others 


Added by: Bjørn P. Brox on May 11, 2007

Managed by: Ric Dickinson and 115 others

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Felipe VI fue el 1.er rey francés de la Casa de Valois.


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip_VI_of_France


Historia de la Casa de Valois y lista de descendientes relacionados:


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_of_Valois


En 1328, el rey Carlos IV murió sin un descendiente varón directo; sin embargo, en el momento de su muerte su esposa estaba embarazada. Felipe, como primo de Carlos, fue uno de los dos principales pretendientes al trono junto con las demandas de la reina viuda Isabel de Inglaterra, hermana del difunto rey Carlos, quien reclamó el trono francés para su joven hijo el rey Eduardo III de Inglaterra. Felipe ascendió a la regencia con el apoyo de magnates franceses, siguiendo el patrón establecido por la sucesión de Felipe V sobre su sobrina Juana II de Navarra, y la sucesión de Carlos IV sobre todas sus sobrinas, incluidas las hijas de Felipe V. Un siglo más tarde, este patrón se convirtió en la ley sálica, que prohibía a las mujeres y a los descendientes en la línea femenina suceder al trono. Después de que la reina de Carlos, Juana de Évreux, diera a luz a una niña, Felipe fue coronado como rey el 29 de mayo de 1328[2] en la catedral de Reims. Felipe VI, aunque descendiente de García VI de Navarra, no era heredero ni descendiente de Juana I de Navarra, cuya herencia (el reino de Navarra, así como los condados de Champaña, Troyes, Meaux y Brie) había estado en unión personal con la corona de Francia casi cincuenta años y había sido administrada durante mucho tiempo por la misma maquinaria real (establecida por Felipe IV, el padre de la burocracia francesa), cuyo recurso administrativo fue heredado por Felipe VI. Estos condados estaban estrechamente arraigados en la entidad económica y administrativa del Dominio Real de Francia, al estar ubicados adyacentes a Ile-de-France. Felipe, sin embargo, no tenía derecho a esa herencia; la legítima heredera era la hija sobreviviente de Luis X, la futura Juana II de Navarra, la nieta genealógicamente mayor de Juana I de Navarra. Felipe cedió Navarra a Juana II, pero con respecto a los condados de Champaña, llegaron a un acuerdo: Juana II recibió vastas tierras en Normandía (adyacentes al feudo de su esposo en Evreux) en compensación, y Felipe pudo mantener Champaña como parte del Dominio Real.


El reinado de Felipe estuvo salpicado de crisis. Comenzó con el éxito militar en Flandes en la batalla de Cassel (agosto de 1328), donde las fuerzas de Felipe resentaron a Luis I de Flandes, que había sido derrocado por una revolución popular. La hábil Juana dio la primera de muchas demostraciones de su competencia como regente en su ausencia.


Felipe inicialmente disfrutó de relaciones relativamente amistosas con Eduardo III, y planearon una cruzada juntos en 1332, que nunca se ejecutó. Sin embargo, el estatus del Ducado de Aquitania siguió siendo un punto doloroso, y la tensión aumentó. Felipe proporcionó refugio a David II de Escocia en 1334 y se declaró campeón de sus intereses, lo que enfureció a Eduardo. En 1336, eran enemigos, aunque aún no estaban abiertamente en guerra.


Felipe evitó con éxito un acuerdo entre el papado en Aviñón y el emperador Luis IV aunque, en julio de 1337, Luis concluyó una alianza con Eduardo III.


La ruptura final con Inglaterra se produjo cuando Eduardo ofreció refugio a Roberto III de Artois, anteriormente uno de los asesores de confianza de Felipe. Sin embargo, después de cometer falsificaciones para tratar de obtener una herencia, apenas escapó de Francia con su vida, y fue perseguido por Felipe en toda Europa. Eduardo lo hizo conde de Richmond y lo honró; en represalia, Felipe declaró el 24 de mayo de 1337 que Eduardo había perdido Aquitania por rebelión y desobediencia. Así comenzó la Guerra de los Cien Años.


Felipe entró en la Guerra de los Cien Años en una posición de fuerza comparativa. Francia era más rica y más poblada que Inglaterra, y estaba entonces en el apogeo de su gloria medieval. Las etapas iniciales de la guerra, en consecuencia, fueron en gran medida exitosas para los franceses.


En el mar, los corsarios franceses asaltaron y quemaron ciudades y barcos a lo largo de las costas sur y sureste de Inglaterra. Los ingleses hicieron algunas incursiones de represalia, incluida la quema de una flota en el puerto de Boulogne-sur-Mer, pero los franceses en gran medida tenían la ventaja. Con su poder marítimo establecido, Felipe dio órdenes en 1339 para preparar una invasión de Inglaterra, y comenzó a reunir una flota frente a la costa de Zelanda en Sluys. Sin embargo, en junio de 1340, en la amargamente librada Batalla de Sluys ("l'Ecluse"), los ingleses atacaron el puerto y capturaron o destruyeron los barcos allí, poniendo fin a la amenaza de una invasión.


En tierra, Eduardo III se concentró en gran medida en Flandes y los Países Bajos, donde había ganado aliados por la diplomacia y el soborno. Una incursión en 1339 (la primera chevauchée) en Picardía terminó ignominiosamente cuando Felipe sabiamente se negó a dar batalla. Las escasas finanzas de Eduardo no le permitirían jugar un juego de espera, y se vio obligado a retirarse a Flandes y regresar a Inglaterra para recaudar más dinero. En julio de 1340, Eduardo regresó y sitió Tournai; una vez más, Felipe sacó a relucir un ejército aliviador que hostigó a los sitiadores pero no ofreció una batalla abierta, y Eduardo se vio obligado de nuevo a regresar a casa, huyendo de los Países Bajos en secreto para escapar de sus acreedores.


Hasta ahora, la guerra había ido bastante bien para Felipe y los franceses. Aunque a menudo se estereotipaba como cabezas de bloque de caballería, Felipe y sus hombres habían llevado a cabo una exitosa estrategia fabiana contra el endeudado Eduardo, y resistieron las tonterías caballerescas de un solo combate o un combate de doscientos caballeros que él ofreció. En 1341, la Guerra de Sucesión Bretona permitió a los ingleses colocar guarniciones permanentes en Bretaña. Sin embargo, Felipe todavía estaba en una posición de mando: durante las negociaciones arbitradas por Papalmente en 1343, rechazó la oferta de Eduardo de poner fin a la guerra a cambio del Ducado de Aquitania en plena soberanía.


El siguiente ataque se produjo en 1345, cuando el conde de Derby invadió el Agenais (perdido veinte años antes en la Guerra de Saint-Sardos) y tomó Angulema, mientras que las fuerzas en Bretaña bajo Sir Thomas Dagworth también obtuvieron ganancias. Los franceses respondieron en la primavera de 1346 con un contraataque masivo contra Aquitania, donde un ejército bajo Juan, duque de Normandía, sitió Derby en Aiguillon. Siguiendo el consejo de Godofredo Harcourt (como Roberto III de Artois, un noble francés desterrado), Eduardo navegó hacia Normandía en lugar de Aquitania. Como Harcourt predijo, los normandos estaban mal preparados para la guerra, y muchos de los combatientes estaban en Aiguillon. Eduardo saqueó y quemó el país a medida que avanzaba, tomando Caen y avanzando hasta Poissy antes de retirarse ante el ejército que Felipe reunió apresuradamente en París. Deslizándose a través del Somme, Eduardo se dispuso a dar batalla en Crécy.


Close behind him, Philip had planned to halt for the night and reconnoiter the English position before giving battle the next day. However, his troops were disorderly and not to be handled: the roads were jammed by the rear of the army coming up, and by the local peasantry furiously calling for vengeance on the English. Finding them hopeless to control, he ordered a general attack as evening fell. Thus began the Battle of Crécy; and when it was done, the French army had been well-nigh annihilated, and Philip barely escaped capture. Fortune had turned against the French.


The English seized and held the advantage. Normandy called off the siege of Aiguillon and retreated northward, while Sir Thomas Dagworth captured Charles of Blois in Brittany. The English army pulled back from Crécy to besiege Calais; the town held out stubbornly, but the English were determined, and easily supplied across the English Channel. Philip led out a relieving army in July 1347, but unlike the siege of Tournai, it was now Edward who had the upper hand. With the plunder of his Norman expedition and the reforms of his tax system he had executed, he could hold to his siege lines and await an attack Philip dare not deliver. It was Philip who marched away in August, and the city capitulated shortly thereafter.


After the defeat at Crécy and loss of Calais, the Estates refused to raise money for Philip, halting his plans to counter-attack by invading England. In 1348, a new woe struck France: the Black Death, which in the next few years killed one-third of the population, including Queen Joan. The resulting labor shortage caused inflation to soar, and the king attempted to fix prices, further de-stabilizing the country. His last major achievement was the purchase of the Dauphiné and the territory of Montpellier in the Languedoc, in 1349. At his death in 1350, France was still very much a divided country filled with social unrest.


Philip VI (1293 – 22 August 1350), known as the Fortunate (French: le Fortuné[1]) and of Valois, was the King of France from 1328 to his death. He was also Count of Anjou, Maine, and Valois from 1325 to 1328. A member of the Capetian dynasty, he was the son of Charles of Valois (who was the brother of King Charles IV's father Philip IV) and the first King of France from the House of Valois.


In 1328, King Charles IV died without a direct male descendant; however, at the time of his death his wife was pregnant. Philip, as Charles' cousin, was one of the two chief claimants to the throne along with the demands of Dowager Queen Isabella of England, the late King Charles' sister, who claimed the French throne for her young son King Edward III of England. Philip rose to the regency with support of French magnates, following the pattern set up by Philip V's succession over his niece Joan II of Navarre, and Charles IV's succession over all his nieces, including daughters of Philip V. A century later this pattern became the Salic law, which forbade females and those descended in the female line from succeeding to the throne. After Charles' queen, Jeanne d'Évreux, gave birth to a girl, Philip was crowned as King on 29 May 1328[2] at the Cathedral in Reims. Philip VI, though a descendant of Garcia VI of Navarre, was not an heir nor a descendant of Joan I of Navarre, whose inheritance (the kingdom of Navarre, as well as the counties of Champagne, Troyes, Meaux and Brie) had been in personal union with the crown of France almost fifty years and had long been administered by the same royal machinery (established by Philip IV, the father of French bureaucracy), which administrative resource was inherited by Philip VI. These counties were closely entrenched in the economic and administrative entity of the Royal Domain of France, being located adjacent to Ile-de-France. Philip, however, was not entitled to that inheritance; the rightful heiress was Louis X's surviving daughter, the future Joan II of Navarre, the genealogically senior granddaughter of Joan I of Navarre. Philip ceded Navarre to Joan II, but regarding the counties in Champagne, they struck a deal: Joan II received vast lands in Normandy (adjacent to her husband's fief in Evreux) in compensation, and Philip got to keep Champagne as part of the Royal Domain.


In 1328, King Charles IV died without a direct male descendant; however, at the time of his death his wife was pregnant. Philip, as Charles' cousin, was one of the two chief claimants to the throne along with the demands of Dowager Queen Isabella of England, the late King Charles' sister, who claimed the French throne for her young son King Edward III of England. Philip rose to the regency with support of French magnates, following the pattern set up by Philip V's succession over his niece Joan II of Navarre, and Charles IV's succession over all his nieces, including daughters of Philip V. A century later this pattern became the Salic law, which forbade females and those descended in the female line from succeeding to the throne. After Charles' queen, Jeanne d'Évreux, gave birth to a girl, Philip was crowned as King on 29 May 1328[2] at the Cathedral in Reims. Philip VI, though a descendant of Garcia VI of Navarre, was not an heir nor a descendant of Joan I of Navarre, whose inheritance (the kingdom of Navarre, as well as the counties of Champagne, Troyes, Meaux and Brie) had been in personal union with the crown of France almost fifty years and had long been administered by the same royal machinery (established by Philip IV, the father of French bureaucracy), which administrative resource was inherited by Philip VI. These counties were closely entrenched in the economic and administrative entity of the Royal Domain of France, being located adjacent to Ile-de-France. Philip, however, was not entitled to that inheritance; the rightful heiress was Louis X's surviving daughter, the future Joan II of Navarre, the genealogically senior granddaughter of Joan I of Navarre. Philip ceded Navarre to Joan II, but regarding the counties in Champagne, they struck a deal: Joan II received vast lands in Normandy (adjacent to her husband's fief in Evreux) in compensation, and Philip got to keep Champagne as part of the Royal Domain.


In 1328, King Charles IV died without a direct male descendant; however, at the time of his death his wife was pregnant. Philip, as Charles' cousin, was one of the two chief claimants to the throne along with the demands of Dowager Queen Isabella of England, the late King Charles' sister, who claimed the French throne for her young son King Edward III of England. Philip rose to the regency with support of French magnates, following the pattern set up by Philip V's succession over his niece Joan II of Navarre, and Charles IV's succession over all his nieces, including daughters of Philip V. A century later this pattern became the Salic law, which forbade females and those descended in the female line from succeeding to the throne. After Charles' queen, Jeanne d'Évreux, gave birth to a girl, Philip was crowned as King on 29 May 1328[2] at the Cathedral in Reims. Philip VI, though a descendant of Garcia VI of Navarre, was not an heir nor a descendant of Joan I of Navarre, whose inheritance (the kingdom of Navarre, as well as the counties of Champagne, Troyes, Meaux and Brie) had been in personal union with the crown of France almost fifty years and had long been administered by the same royal machinery (established by Philip IV, the father of French bureaucracy), which administrative resource was inherited by Philip VI. These counties were closely entrenched in the economic and administrative entity of the Royal Domain of France, being located adjacent to Ile-de-France. Philip, however, was not entitled to that inheritance; the rightful heiress was Louis X's surviving daughter, the future Joan II of Navarre, the genealogically senior granddaughter of Joan I of Navarre. Philip ceded Navarre to Joan II, but regarding the counties in Champagne, they struck a deal: Joan II received vast lands in Normandy (adjacent to her husband's fief in Evreux) in compensation, and Philip got to keep Champagne as part of the Royal Domain.


Philip's reign was punctuated with crises. It began with military success in Flanders at the Battle of Cassel (August 1328), where Philip's forces reseated Louis I of Flanders, who had been unseated by a popular revolution. The able Jeanne gave the first of many demonstrations of her competence as regent in his absence.


Philip initially enjoyed relatively amicable relations with Edward III, and they planned a crusade together in 1332, which was never executed. However, the status of the Duchy of Aquitaine remained a sore point, and tension increased. Philip provided refuge for David II of Scotland in 1334 and declared himself champion of his interests, which enraged Edward. By 1336, they were enemies, although not yet openly at war.


Philip successfully prevented an arrangement between the papacy in Avignon and Emperor Louis IV although, in July 1337, Louis concluded an alliance with Edward III.


The final breach with England came when Edward offered refuge to Robert III of Artois, formerly one of Philip's trusted advisers. However, after he committed forgery to try to obtain an inheritance, he barely escaped France with his life, and was hounded by Philip throughout Europe. Edward made him Earl of Richmond and honored him; in retaliation, Philip declared on 24 May 1337 that Edward had forfeited Aquitaine for rebellion and disobedience. Thus began the Hundred Years' War.


Philip entered the Hundred Years' War in a position of comparative strength. France was richer and more populous than England, and was then in the height of her medieval glory. The opening stages of the war, accordingly, were largely successful for the French.


At sea, French privateers raided and burned towns and shipping all along the southern and southeastern coasts of England. The English made some retaliatory raids, including the burning of a fleet in the harbor of Boulogne-sur-Mer, but the French largely had the upper hand. With his sea power established, Philip gave orders in 1339 to prepare an invasion of England, and began assembling a fleet off the Zeeland coast at Sluys. However, in June 1340, in the bitterly-fought Battle of Sluys ("l'Ecluse"), the English attacked the port and captured or destroyed the ships there, ending the threat of an invasion.


On land, Edward III largely concentrated upon Flanders and the Low Countries, where he had gained allies by diplomacy and bribery. A raid in 1339 (the first chevauchée) into Picardy ended ignominiously when Philip wisely refused to give battle. Edward's slender finances would not permit him to play a waiting game, and he was forced to withdraw into Flanders and return to England to raise more money. In July 1340, Edward returned and besieged Tournai; again, Philip brought up a relieving army which harassed the besiegers but did not offer open battle, and Edward was again forced to return home, fleeing the Low Countries secretly to escape his creditors.


So far, the war had gone quite well for Philip and the French. While often stereotyped as chivalry-besotten blockheads, Philip and his men had in fact carried out a successful Fabian strategy against the debt-plagued Edward, and resisted the chivalric blandishments of single combat or a combat of two hundred knights that he offered. In 1341, the War of the Breton Succession allowed the English to place permanent garrisons in Brittany. However, Philip was still in a commanding position: during Papally-arbitrated negotiations in 1343, he refused Edward's offer to end the war in exchange for the Duchy of Aquitaine in full sovereignty.


The next attack came in 1345, when the Earl of Derby overran the Agenais (lost twenty years before in the War of Saint-Sardos) and took Angoulême, while the forces in Brittany under Sir Thomas Dagworth also made gains. The French responded in the spring of 1346 with a massive counter-attack against Aquitaine, where an army under John, Duke of Normandy besieged Derby at Aiguillon. On the advice of Godfrey Harcourt (like Robert III of Artois, a banished French nobleman), Edward sailed for Normandy instead of Aquitaine. As Harcourt predicted, the Normans were ill-prepared for war, and many of the fighting men were at Aiguillon. Edward sacked and burned the country as he went, taking Caen and advancing as far as Poissy before retreating before the army Philip hastily assembled at Paris. Slipping across the Somme, Edward drew up to give battle at Crécy.


Close behind him, Philip had planned to halt for the night and reconnoiter the English position before giving battle the next day. However, his troops were disorderly and not to be handled: the roads were jammed by the rear of the army coming up, and by the local peasantry furiously calling for vengeance on the English. Finding them hopeless to control, he ordered a general attack as evening fell. Thus began the Battle of Crécy; and when it was done, the French army had been well-nigh annihilated, and Philip barely escaped capture. Fortune had turned against the French.


The English seized and held the advantage. Normandy called off the siege of Aiguillon and retreated northward, while Sir Thomas Dagworth captured Charles of Blois in Brittany. The English army pulled back from Crécy to besiege Calais; the town held out stubbornly, but the English were determined, and easily supplied across the English Channel. Philip led out a relieving army in July 1347, but unlike the siege of Tournai, it was now Edward who had the upper hand. With the plunder of his Norman expedition and the reforms of his tax system he had executed, he could hold to his siege lines and await an attack Philip dare not deliver. It was Philip who marched away in August, and the city capitulated shortly thereafter.


Después de la derrota en Crécy y la pérdida de Calais, los Estados se negaron a recaudar dinero para Felipe, deteniendo sus planes de contraatacar invadiendo Inglaterra. En 1348, un nuevo problema golpeó a Francia: la Peste Negra, que en los años siguientes mató a un tercio de la población, incluida la reina Juana. La escasez de mano de obra resultante hizo que la inflación se disparara, y el rey intentó fijar los precios, desestabilizando aún más el país. Su último gran logro fue la compra del Dauphiné y el territorio de Montpellier en el Languedoc, en 1349. A su muerte en 1350, Francia todavía era un país muy dividido lleno de disturbios sociales.


Felipe VI (1293 - 22 de agosto de 1350), conocido como el Afortunado (en francés: le Fortuné[1]) y de Valois, fue el rey de Francia desde 1328 hasta su muerte. También fue conde de Anjou, Maine y Valois de 1325 a 1328. Miembro de la dinastía de los Capetos, era hijo de Carlos de Valois (hermano del padre del rey Carlos IV, Felipe IV) y el primer rey de Francia de la Casa de Valois.


Contenido [ocultar]


1 Ascensión al trono


2 Reinado


2.1 Guerra de los Cien Años


2.2 Últimos años


3 Matrimonios e hijos


4 Ascendencia


5 Referencias


6 Fuentes


[editar] Ascensión al trono


El padre de Felipe, el hermano menor del rey Felipe IV de Francia, se había esforzado a lo largo de su vida por ganar un trono para sí mismo, pero nunca tuvo éxito. Murió en 1325, dejando a su hijo mayor Felipe como heredero de los condados de Anjou, Maine y Valois.


En 1328, el primo hermano de Felipe, el rey Carlos IV, murió sin un descendiente varón directo; sin embargo, en el momento de su muerte su esposa estaba embarazada. Felipe fue uno de los dos principales pretendientes al trono junto con las demandas de la reina viuda Isabel de Inglaterra, hermana del difunto rey Carlos, quien reclamó el trono francés para su joven hijo el rey Eduardo III de Inglaterra. Felipe ascendió a la regencia con el apoyo de los magnates franceses, siguiendo el patrón establecido por la sucesión de Felipe V sobre su sobrina Juana II de Navarra, y la sucesión de Carlos IV sobre todas sus sobrinas, incluidas las hijas de Felipe V. Un siglo más tarde, este patrón se convirtió en la ley sálica, que prohibía a las mujeres y a los descendientes en la línea femenina suceder al trono. Después de que la reina de Carlos, Juana de Évreux, diera a luz a una niña, Felipe fue coronado como rey el 29 de mayo de 1328[2] en la catedral de Reims. Felipe VI no era heredero ni descendiente de Juana I de Navarra, cuya herencia (el reino de Navarra, así como los condados de Champaña, Troyes, Meaux y Brie) había estado en unión personal con la corona de Francia casi 50 años y había sido administrada durante mucho tiempo por la misma maquinaria real (establecida por Felipe IV, el padre de la burocracia francesa), cuyo recurso administrativo fue heredado por Felipe VI. Estos condados estaban estrechamente arraigados en la entidad económica y administrativa del Dominio Real de Francia, al estar ubicados adyacentes a Ile-de-France. Felipe, sin embargo, no tenía derecho a esa herencia; la legítima heredera era la hija sobreviviente de Luis X, la futura Juana II de Navarra, la heredera general de Juana I de Navarra. Felipe cedió Navarra a Juana II, pero con respecto a los condados de Champaña, llegaron a un acuerdo: Juana II recibió vastas tierras en Normandía (adyacentes al feudo de su esposo en Evreux) en compensación, y Felipe llegó a mantener Champaña como parte del Dominio Real.


[editar] Reinado


Felipe VI y su primera esposa, Juana de BorgoñaEl reinado de Filadelfia estuvo salpicado de crisis. Comenzó con el éxito militar en Flandes en la batalla de Cassel (agosto de 1328), donde las fuerzas de Felipe resentaron a Luis I de Flandes, que había sido derrocado por una revolución popular. La hábil Juana dio la primera de muchas demostraciones de su competencia como regente en su ausencia.


Felipe inicialmente disfrutó de relaciones relativamente amistosas con Eduardo III, y planearon una cruzada juntos en 1332, que nunca se ejecutó. Sin embargo, el estatus del Ducado de Aquitania siguió siendo un punto doloroso, y la tensión aumentó. Felipe proporcionó refugio a David II de Escocia en 1334 y se declaró campeón de sus intereses, lo que enfureció a Eduardo. En 1336, eran enemigos, aunque aún no estaban abiertamente en guerra.


Felipe evitó con éxito un acuerdo entre el papado en Aviñón y el emperador del Sacro Imperio Romano Germánico Luis IV aunque, en julio de 1337, Luis concluyó una alianza con Eduardo III.


La ruptura final con Inglaterra se produjo cuando Eduardo ofreció refugio a Roberto III de Artois, anteriormente uno de los asesores de confianza de Felipe. Sin embargo, después de cometer falsificaciones para tratar de obtener una herencia, apenas escapó de Francia con su vida, y fue perseguido por Felipe en toda Europa. Eduardo lo hizo conde de Richmond y lo honró; en represalia, Felipe declaró el 24 de mayo de 1337 que Eduardo había perdido Aquitania por rebelión y desobediencia. Así comenzó la Guerra de los Cien Años.


[editar] Guerra de los Cien Años


Monarquía francesa


Dinastía de los Capetos


(Casa de Valois)


Felipe VI


Niños


John II

Juan II


Niños


Charles V

Louis I of Anjou

John, Duke of Berry

Philip the Bold

Carlos V


Niños


Charles VI

Louis, Duke of Orléans

Charles VI


Children


Isabella of Valois

Michelle of Valois

Catherine of Valois

Charles VII

Charles VII


Children


Louis XI

Charles, Duke of Berry

Louis XI


Children


Charles VIII

Charles VIII


Philip entered the Hundred Years' War in a position of comparative strength. France was richer and more populous than England, and was then in the height of her medieval glory. The opening stages of the war, accordingly, were largely successful for the French.


At sea, French privateers raided and burned towns and shipping all along the southern and southeastern coasts of England. The English made some retaliatory raids, including the burning of a fleet in the harbor of Boulogne-sur-Mer, but the French largely had the upper hand. With his sea power established, Philip gave orders in 1339 to prepare an invasion of England, and began assembling a fleet off the Zeeland coast at Sluys. However, in June 1340, in the bitterly-fought Battle of Sluys ("l'Ecluse"), the English attacked the port and captured or destroyed the ships there, ending the threat of an invasion.


On land, Edward III largely concentrated upon Flanders and the Low Countries, where he had gained allies by diplomacy and bribery. A raid in 1339 (the first chevauchée) into Picardy ended ignominiously when Philip wisely refused to give battle. Edward's slender finances would not permit him to play a waiting game, and he was forced to withdraw into Flanders and return to England to raise more money. In July 1340, Edward returned and besieged Tournai; again, Philip brought up a relieving army which harassed the besiegers but did not offer open battle, and Edward was again forced to return home, fleeing the Low Countries secretly to escape his creditors.


So far, the war had gone quite well for Philip and the French. While often stereotyped as chivalry-besotten blockheads, Philip and his men had in fact carried out a successful Fabian strategy against the debt-plagued Edward, and resisted the chivalric blandishments of single combat or a combat of two hundred knights that he offered. In 1341, the War of the Breton Succession allowed the English to place permanent garrisons in Brittany. However, Philip was still in a commanding position: during Papally-arbitrated negotiations in 1343, he refused Edward's offer to end the war in exchange for the Duchy of Aquitaine in full sovereignty.


The next attack came in 1345, when the Earl of Derby overran the Agenais (lost twenty years before in the War of Saint-Sardos) and took Angoulême, while the forces in Brittany under Sir Thomas Dagworth also made gains. The French responded in the spring of 1346 with a massive counter-attack against Aquitaine, where an army under John, Duke of Normandy, besieged Derby at Aiguillon. On the advice of Godfrey Harcourt (like Robert III of Artois, a banished French nobleman), Edward sailed for Normandy instead of Aquitaine. As Harcourt predicted, the Normans were ill-prepared for war, and many of the fighting men were at Aiguillon. Edward sacked and burned the country as he went, taking Caen and advancing as far as Poissy before retreating before the army Philip hastily assembled at Paris. Slipping across the Somme, Edward drew up to give battle at Crécy.


Close behind him, Philip had planned to halt for the night and reconnoiter the English position before giving battle the next day. However, his troops were disorderly and not to be handled: the roads were jammed by the rear of the army coming up, and by the local peasantry furiously calling for vengeance on the English. Finding them hopeless to control, he ordered a general attack as evening fell. Thus began the Battle of Crécy; and when it was done, the French army had been well-nigh annihilated, and Philip barely escaped capture. Fortune had turned against the French.


The English seized and held the advantage. Normandy called off the siege of Aiguillon and retreated northward, while Sir Thomas Dagworth captured Charles of Blois in Brittany. The English army pulled back from Crécy to besiege Calais; the town held out stubbornly, but the English were determined, and easily supplied across the English Channel. Philip led out a relieving army in July 1347, but unlike the siege of Tournai, it was now Edward who had the upper hand. With the plunder of his Norman expedition and the reforms of his tax system he had executed, he could hold to his siege lines and await an attack Philip dare not deliver. It was Philip who marched away in August, and the city capitulated shortly thereafter.


[edit] Final years


After the defeat at Crécy and loss of Calais, the Estates refused to raise money for Philip, halting his plans to counter-attack by invading England. In 1348, a new woe struck France: the Black Death, which in the next few years killed one-third of the population, including Queen Joan. The resulting labor shortage caused inflation to soar, and the king attempted to fix prices, further de-stabilizing the country. His last major achievement was the purchase of the Dauphiné and the territory of Montpellier in the Languedoc, in 1349. At his death in 1350, France was still very much a divided country filled with social unrest.


[edit] Marriages and Children


Philip VI of FranceIn July, 1313, Philip married Joan the Lame (French: Jeanne), daughter of Robert II, Duke of Burgundy, and of Agnes of France, the youngest daughter of Louis IX. In an ironic twist to his "male" ascendancy to the throne, the intelligent, strong-willed Joan, an able regent of France during the King's long military campaigns, was said to be the brains behind the throne and the real ruler of France.


Their children were:


John II (26 April 1319 – 8 April 1364)


Marie (1326–1333), who married John of Brabant, the son and heir of John III, Duke of Brabant, but died shortly afterwards.


Louis (17 January 1328 – 17 January 1328)


Louis (8 June 1330 – 23 June 1330)


Jean (1333–1333)


Philip of Valois (1336–1375), Duke of Orleans


Joan (1337–1337)


After Joan died in 1348, Philip married Blanche of Navarre, daughter of Joan II and Philip III of Navarre, on 11 January 1350. They had one daughter: Joan (1351–1371), who was intended to marry John I of Aragon, but who died upon the journey.


Philip VI died at Nogent-le-Roi, Eure-et-Loir on 22 August 1350 and is interred with his second wife, Blanche of Navarre in Saint Denis Basilica. He was succeeded by his first son by Joan of Burgundy, who became John II.


In 1328, King Charles IV died without a direct male descendant; however, at the time of his death his wife was pregnant. Philip, as Charles' cousin, was one of the two chief claimants to the throne along with the demands of Dowager Queen Isabella of England, the late King Charles' sister, who claimed the French throne for her young son King Edward III of England. Philip rose to the regency with support of French magnates, following the pattern set up by Philip V's succession over his niece Joan II of Navarre, and Charles IV's succession over all his nieces, including daughters of Philip V. A century later this pattern became the Salic law, which forbade females and those descended in the female line from succeeding to the throne. After Charles' queen, Jeanne d'Évreux, gave birth to a girl, Philip was crowned as King on 29 May 1328[2] at the Cathedral in Reims. Philip VI, though a descendant of Garcia VI of Navarre, was not an heir nor a descendant of Joan I of Navarre, whose inheritance (the kingdom of Navarre, as well as the counties of Champagne, Troyes, Meaux and Brie) had been in personal union with the crown of France almost fifty years and had long been administered by the same royal machinery (established by Philip IV, the father of French bureaucracy), which administrative resource was inherited by Philip VI. These counties were closely entrenched in the economic and administrative entity of the Royal Domain of France, being located adjacent to Ile-de-France. Philip, however, was not entitled to that inheritance; the rightful heiress was Louis X's surviving daughter, the future Joan II of Navarre, the genealogically senior granddaughter of Joan I of Navarre. Philip ceded Navarre to Joan II, but regarding the counties in Champagne, they struck a deal: Joan II received vast lands in Normandy (adjacent to her husband's fief in Evreux) in compensation, and Philip got to keep Champagne as part of the Royal Domain.


Philip VI of France


From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia


Philip VI (1293 – 22 August 1350), known as the Fortunate (French: le Fortuné[1]) and of Valois, was the King of France from 1328 to his death. He was also Count of Anjou, Maine, and Valois from 1325 to 1328. A member of the Capetian dynasty, he was the son of Charles of Valois and first King of France from the House of Valois.


Ascension to the throne


En 1328, el rey Carlos IV murió sin un descendiente varón directo; sin embargo, en el momento de su muerte su esposa estaba embarazada. Felipe fue uno de los dos principales pretendientes al trono junto con las demandas de la reina viuda Isabel de Inglaterra, hermana del difunto rey Carlos, quien reclamó el trono francés para su joven hijo el rey Eduardo III de Inglaterra. Felipe ascendió a la regencia con el apoyo de magnates franceses, siguiendo el patrón establecido por la sucesión de Felipe V sobre su sobrina Juana II de Navarra, y la sucesión de Carlos IV sobre todas sus sobrinas, incluidas las hijas de Felipe V. Un siglo más tarde, este patrón se convirtió en la ley sálica, que prohibía a las mujeres y a los descendientes en la línea femenina suceder al trono. Después de que la reina de Carlos, Jeanne d'Évreux, diera a luz a una niña, Felipe fue coronado como rey el 29 de mayo de 1328[2] en la Catedral de Reims. Felipe VI, aunque descendiente de García VI de Navarra, no era heredero ni descendiente de Juana I de Navarra, cuya herencia (el reino de Navarra, así como los condados de Champaña, Troyes, Meaux y Brie) había estado en unión personal con la corona de Francia casi cincuenta años y había sido administrada durante mucho tiempo por la misma maquinaria real (establecida por Felipe IV, el padre de la burocracia francesa), cuyo recurso administrativo fue heredado por Felipe VI. Estos condados estaban estrechamente arraigados en la entidad económica y administrativa del Dominio Real de Francia, al estar ubicados adyacentes a Ile-de-France. Felipe, sin embargo, no tenía derecho a esa herencia; la legítima heredera era la hija sobreviviente de Luis X, la futura Juana II de Navarra, la nieta genealógicamente mayor de Juana I de Navarra. Felipe cedió Navarra a Juana II, pero con respecto a los condados de Champaña, llegaron a un acuerdo: Juana II recibió vastas tierras en Normandía (adyacentes al feudo de su esposo en Evreux) en compensación, y Felipe llegó a mantener Champaña como parte del Dominio Real.


Vida


En julio de 1313, Felipe se casó con Juana la Coja (en francés: Jeanne), hija de Roberto II, duque de Borgoña, y la princesa Inés de Francia, la hija menor de Luis IX. En un giro irónico a su ascenso "masculino" al trono, se decía que la inteligente y fuerte Juana, una hábil regente de Francia durante las largas campañas militares del rey, era el cerebro detrás del trono y el verdadero gobernante de Francia.


Sus hijos fueron:


Juan II (26 de abril de 1319 - 8 de abril de 1364)


María (1326-1333), que se casó con Juan de Brabante, el hijo y heredero de Juan III, duque de Brabante, pero murió poco después.


Luis (17 de enero de 1328 - 17 de enero de 1328)


Luis (8 de junio de 1330 - 23 de junio de 1330)


Juan (1333-1333)


Felipe de Valois (1336-1375), duque de Orleans


Juana (1337-1337)


Después de la muerte de Juana en 1348, Felipe se casó con Blanca de Évreux, princesa de Navarra, hija de la reina reinante Juana II de Navarra, el 11 de enero de 1350. Tuvieron una hija: Juana (1351-1371), que estaba destinada a casarse con Juan I de Aragón, pero que murió en el viaje.


Felipe VI murió en Nogent-le-Roi, Eure-et-Loir el 22 de agosto de 1350 y está enterrado con su segunda esposa, Blanca de Navarra (1330-1398) en la Basílica de Saint Denis. Fue sucedido por su primer hijo por Juana de Borgoña, que se convirtió en Juan II.


Reinado


El reinado de Felipe estuvo salpicado de crisis. Comenzó con el éxito militar en Flandes en la batalla de Cassel (agosto de 1328), donde las fuerzas de Felipe resentaron a Luis I de Flandes, que había sido derrocado por una revolución popular. La hábil Juana dio la primera de muchas demostraciones de su competencia como regente en su ausencia.


Felipe inicialmente disfrutó de relaciones relativamente amistosas con Eduardo III, y planearon una cruzada juntos en 1332, que nunca se ejecutó. Sin embargo, el estatus del Ducado de Aquitania siguió siendo un punto doloroso, y la tensión aumentó. Felipe proporcionó refugio a David II de Escocia en 1334 y se declaró campeón de sus intereses, lo que enfureció a Eduardo. En 1336, eran enemigos, aunque aún no estaban abiertamente en guerra.


Felipe evitó con éxito un acuerdo entre el papado en Aviñón y el emperador Luis IV aunque, en julio de 1337, Luis concluyó una alianza con Eduardo III.


La ruptura final con Inglaterra se produjo cuando Eduardo ofreció refugio a Roberto III de Artois, anteriormente uno de los asesores de confianza de Felipe. Sin embargo, después de cometer falsificaciones para tratar de obtener una herencia, apenas escapó de Francia con su vida, y fue perseguido por Felipe en toda Europa. Eduardo lo hizo conde de Richmond y lo honró; en represalia, Felipe declaró el 24 de mayo de 1337 que Eduardo había perdido Aquitania por rebelión y desobediencia. Así comenzó la Guerra de los Cien Años.


Guerra de los Cien Años


Felipe entró en la Guerra de los Cien Años en una posición de fuerza comparativa. Francia era más rica y más poblada que Inglaterra, y estaba entonces en el apogeo de su gloria medieval. Las etapas iniciales de la guerra, en consecuencia, fueron en gran medida exitosas para los franceses.


En el mar, los corsarios franceses asaltaron y quemaron ciudades y barcos a lo largo de las costas sur y sureste de Inglaterra. Los ingleses hicieron algunas incursiones de represalia, incluida la quema de una flota en el puerto de Boulogne-sur-Mer, pero los franceses en gran medida tenían la ventaja. Con su poder marítimo establecido, Felipe dio órdenes en 1339 para preparar una invasión de Inglaterra, y comenzó a reunir una flota frente a la costa de Zelanda en Sluys. Sin embargo, en junio de 1340, en la amargamente librada Batalla de Sluys ("l'Ecluse"), los ingleses atacaron el puerto y capturaron o destruyeron los barcos allí, poniendo fin a la amenaza de una invasión.


En tierra, Eduardo III se concentró en gran medida en Flandes y los Países Bajos, donde había ganado aliados por la diplomacia y el soborno. Una incursión en 1339 (la primera chevauchée) en Picardía terminó ignominiosamente cuando Felipe sabiamente se negó a dar batalla. Las escasas finanzas de Eduardo no le permitirían jugar un juego de espera, y se vio obligado a retirarse a Flandes y regresar a Inglaterra para recaudar más dinero. En julio de 1340, Eduardo regresó y sitió Tournai; una vez más, Felipe sacó a relucir un ejército aliviador que hostigó a los sitiadores pero no ofreció una batalla abierta, y Eduardo se vio obligado de nuevo a regresar a casa, huyendo de los Países Bajos en secreto para escapar de sus acreedores.


Hasta ahora, la guerra había ido bastante bien para Felipe y los franceses. Aunque a menudo se estereotipaba como cabezas de bloque de caballería, Felipe y sus hombres habían llevado a cabo una exitosa estrategia fabiana contra el endeudado Eduardo, y resistieron las tonterías caballerescas de un solo combate o un combate de doscientos caballeros que él ofreció. En 1341, la Guerra de Sucesión Bretona permitió a los ingleses colocar guarniciones permanentes en Bretaña. Sin embargo, Felipe todavía estaba en una posición de mando: durante las negociaciones arbitradas por Papalmente en 1343, rechazó la oferta de Eduardo de poner fin a la guerra a cambio del Ducado de Aquitania en plena soberanía.


El siguiente ataque se produjo en 1345, cuando el conde de Derby invadió el Agenais (perdido veinte años antes en la Guerra de Saint-Sardos) y tomó Angulema, mientras que las fuerzas en Bretaña bajo Sir Thomas Dagworth también obtuvieron ganancias. Los franceses respondieron en la primavera de 1346 con un contraataque masivo contra Aquitania, donde un ejército bajo Juan, duque de Normandía, sitió Derby en Aiguillon. Siguiendo el consejo de Godofredo Harcourt (como Roberto III de Artois, un noble francés desterrado), Eduardo navegó hacia Normandía en lugar de Aquitania. Como Harcourt predijo, los normandos estaban mal preparados para la guerra, y muchos de los combatientes estaban en Aiguillon. Eduardo saqueó y quemó el país a medida que avanzaba, tomando Caen y avanzando hasta Poissy antes de retirarse ante el ejército que Felipe reunió apresuradamente en París. Deslizándose a través del Somme, Eduardo se dispuso a dar batalla en Crécy.


Muy cerca de él, Felipe había planeado detenerse por la noche y reconocer la posición inglesa antes de dar batalla al día siguiente. Sin embargo, sus tropas eran desordenadas y no debían ser manejadas: las carreteras estaban atascadas por la retaguardia del ejército que se acercaba, y por el campesinado local que llamaba furiosamente a la venganza contra los ingleses. Al encontrarlos desesperados para controlar, ordenó un ataque general cuando cayó la noche. Así comenzó la Batalla de Crécy; y cuando se hizo, el ejército francés había sido casi aniquilado, y Felipe apenas escapó de la captura. La fortuna se había vuelto contra los franceses.


Los ingleses aprovecharon y mantuvieron la ventaja. Normandía suspendió el asedio de Aiguillon y se retiró hacia el norte, mientras que Sir Thomas Dagworth capturó a Carlos de Blois en Bretaña. El ejército inglés se retiró de Crécy para sitiar Calais; la ciudad resistió obstinadamente, pero los ingleses estaban decididos y se abastecían fácilmente a través del Canal de la Mancha. Felipe lideró un ejército de relevo en julio de 1347, pero a diferencia del asedio de Tournai, ahora era Eduardo quien tenía la ventaja. Con el saqueo de su expedición normanda y las reformas de su sistema tributario que había ejecutado, pudo aferrarse a sus líneas de asedio y esperar un ataque que Felipe no se atreviera a entregar. Fue Felipe quien marchó en agosto, y la ciudad capituló poco después.


[editar] Últimos años


Después de la derrota en Crécy y la pérdida de Calais, los Estados se negaron a recaudar dinero para Felipe, deteniendo sus planes de contraatacar invadiendo Inglaterra. En 1348, un nuevo problema golpeó a Francia: la Peste Negra, que en los años siguientes mató a un tercio de la población, incluida la reina Juana. La escasez de mano de obra resultante hizo que la inflación se disparara, y el rey intentó fijar los precios, desestabilizando aún más el país. Su último gran logro fue la compra del Dauphiné y el territorio de Montpellier en el Languedoc, en 1349. A su muerte en 1350, Francia todavía era un país muy dividido lleno de disturbios sociales.


[editar] Referencias


↑ Heraldique-Europeenne


↑ Curry, Anne (2003). La Guerra de los Cien Años. Nueva York: Rutledge, 18 años. ISBN 0-415-96863-1.



http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip_VI_of_France


Felipe VI (en francés: Felipe VI) (1293 - 22 de agosto de 1350), llamado el Afortunado (en francés: le Fortuné) y de Valois, fue el primer rey de Francia de la Casa de Valois. Reinó desde 1328 hasta su muerte.


El reinado de Felipe estuvo dominado por las consecuencias de una disputa sucesoria. Cuando el rey Carlos IV el Hermoso murió sin un heredero varón en 1328, el pariente masculino más cercano fue su sobrino Eduardo III de Inglaterra, quien heredó su reclamo a través de su madre Isabel de Francia, la hermana del rey muerto. Se sostuvo en Francia, sin embargo, que Eduardo no era elegible para heredar el trono francés a través de la línea femenina de acuerdo con la antigua Ley Sálica. Al principio, Eduardo pareció aceptar la ascensión de Felipe como el pariente masculino más cercano de Carlos IV descendiente a través de la línea masculina, sin embargo, presionó su reclamo al trono de Francia después de una serie de desacuerdos con Felipe. El resultado fue el comienzo de la Guerra de los Cien Años en 1337.


Después de los éxitos iniciales en el mar, la armada de Felipe fue aniquilada en la Batalla de Sluys en 1340, asegurando que la guerra ocurriría en el continente. Los ingleses tomaron otra ventaja decisiva en la batalla de Crécy (1346), mientras que la Peste Negra golpeó a Francia, desestabilizando aún más el país.


En 1349, Felipe VI compró el Delfinado a su gobernante en ruinas Humberto II y confió el gobierno de esta provincia a su nieto Carlos. Felipe VI murió en 1350 y fue sucedido por su hijo Juan II el Bueno.

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Aboutedit | history

Philip VI was the 1st French King of the House of Valois.


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip_VI_of_France


History of the House of Valois and list of related descendants:


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_of_Valois


In 1328, King Charles IV died without a direct male descendant; however, at the time of his death his wife was pregnant. Philip, as Charles' cousin, was one of the two chief claimants to the throne along with the demands of Dowager Queen Isabella of England, the late King Charles' sister, who claimed the French throne for her young son King Edward III of England. Philip rose to the regency with support of French magnates, following the pattern set up by Philip V's succession over his niece Joan II of Navarre, and Charles IV's succession over all his nieces, including daughters of Philip V. A century later this pattern became the Salic law, which forbade females and those descended in the female line from succeeding to the throne. After Charles' queen, Jeanne d'Évreux, gave birth to a girl, Philip was crowned as King on 29 May 1328[2] at the Cathedral in Reims. Philip VI, though a descendant of Garcia VI of Navarre, was not an heir nor a descendant of Joan I of Navarre, whose inheritance (the kingdom of Navarre, as well as the counties of Champagne, Troyes, Meaux and Brie) had been in personal union with the crown of France almost fifty years and had long been administered by the same royal machinery (established by Philip IV, the father of French bureaucracy), which administrative resource was inherited by Philip VI. These counties were closely entrenched in the economic and administrative entity of the Royal Domain of France, being located adjacent to Ile-de-France. Philip, however, was not entitled to that inheritance; the rightful heiress was Louis X's surviving daughter, the future Joan II of Navarre, the genealogically senior granddaughter of Joan I of Navarre. Philip ceded Navarre to Joan II, but regarding the counties in Champagne, they struck a deal: Joan II received vast lands in Normandy (adjacent to her husband's fief in Evreux) in compensation, and Philip got to keep Champagne as part of the Royal Domain


Philip's reign was punctuated with crises. It began with military success in Flanders at the Battle of Cassel (August 1328), where Philip's forces reseated Louis I of Flanders, who had been unseated by a popular revolution. The able Jeanne gave the first of many demonstrations of her competence as regent in his absence.


Philip initially enjoyed relatively amicable relations with Edward III, and they planned a crusade together in 1332, which was never executed. However, the status of the Duchy of Aquitaine remained a sore point, and tension increased. Philip provided refuge for David II of Scotland in 1334 and declared himself champion of his interests, which enraged Edward. By 1336, they were enemies, although not yet openly at war.


Philip successfully prevented an arrangement between the papacy in Avignon and Emperor Louis IV although, in July 1337, Louis concluded an alliance with Edward III.


The final breach with England came when Edward offered refuge to Robert III of Artois, formerly one of Philip's trusted advisers. However, after he committed forgery to try to obtain an inheritance, he barely escaped France with his life, and was hounded by Philip throughout Europe. Edward made him Earl of Richmond and honored him; in retaliation, Philip declared on 24 May 1337 that Edward had forfeited Aquitaine for rebellion and disobedience. Thus began the Hundred Years' War.


Philip entered the Hundred Years' War in a position of comparative strength. France was richer and more populous than England, and was then in the height of her medieval glory. The opening stages of the war, accordingly, were largely successful for the French.


At sea, French privateers raided and burned towns and shipping all along the southern and southeastern coasts of England. The English made some retaliatory raids, including the burning of a fleet in the harbor of Boulogne-sur-Mer, but the French largely had the upper hand. With his sea power established, Philip gave orders in 1339 to prepare an invasion of England, and began assembling a fleet off the Zeeland coast at Sluys. However, in June 1340, in the bitterly-fought Battle of Sluys ("l'Ecluse"), the English attacked the port and captured or destroyed the ships there, ending the threat of an invasion.


On land, Edward III largely concentrated upon Flanders and the Low Countries, where he had gained allies by diplomacy and bribery. A raid in 1339 (the first chevauchée) into Picardy ended ignominiously when Philip wisely refused to give battle. Edward's slender finances would not permit him to play a waiting game, and he was forced to withdraw into Flanders and return to England to raise more money. In July 1340, Edward returned and besieged Tournai; again, Philip brought up a relieving army which harassed the besiegers but did not offer open battle, and Edward was again forced to return home, fleeing the Low Countries secretly to escape his creditors.


So far, the war had gone quite well for Philip and the French. While often stereotyped as chivalry-besotten blockheads, Philip and his men had in fact carried out a successful Fabian strategy against the debt-plagued Edward, and resisted the chivalric blandishments of single combat or a combat of two hundred knights that he offered. In 1341, the War of the Breton Succession allowed the English to place permanent garrisons in Brittany. However, Philip was still in a commanding position: during Papally-arbitrated negotiations in 1343, he refused Edward's offer to end the war in exchange for the Duchy of Aquitaine in full sovereignty.


The next attack came in 1345, when the Earl of Derby overran the Agenais (lost twenty years before in the War of Saint-Sardos) and took Angoulême, while the forces in Brittany under Sir Thomas Dagworth also made gains. The French responded in the spring of 1346 with a massive counter-attack against Aquitaine, where an army under John, Duke of Normandy besieged Derby at Aiguillon. On the advice of Godfrey Harcourt (like Robert III of Artois, a banished French nobleman), Edward sailed for Normandy instead of Aquitaine. As Harcourt predicted, the Normans were ill-prepared for war, and many of the fighting men were at Aiguillon. Edward sacked and burned the country as he went, taking Caen and advancing as far as Poissy before retreating before the army Philip hastily assembled at Paris. Slipping across the Somme, Edward drew up to give battle at Crécy.


Close behind him, Philip had planned to halt for the night and reconnoiter the English position before giving battle the next day. However, his troops were disorderly and not to be handled: the roads were jammed by the rear of the army coming up, and by the local peasantry furiously calling for vengeance on the English. Finding them hopeless to control, he ordered a general attack as evening fell. Thus began the Battle of Crécy; and when it was done, the French army had been well-nigh annihilated, and Philip barely escaped capture. Fortune had turned against the French.


The English seized and held the advantage. Normandy called off the siege of Aiguillon and retreated northward, while Sir Thomas Dagworth captured Charles of Blois in Brittany. The English army pulled back from Crécy to besiege Calais; the town held out stubbornly, but the English were determined, and easily supplied across the English Channel. Philip led out a relieving army in July 1347, but unlike the siege of Tournai, it was now Edward who had the upper hand. With the plunder of his Norman expedition and the reforms of his tax system he had executed, he could hold to his siege lines and await an attack Philip dare not deliver. It was Philip who marched away in August, and the city capitulated shortly thereafter.


After the defeat at Crécy and loss of Calais, the Estates refused to raise money for Philip, halting his plans to counter-attack by invading England. In 1348, a new woe struck France: the Black Death, which in the next few years killed one-third of the population, including Queen Joan. The resulting labor shortage caused inflation to soar, and the king attempted to fix prices, further de-stabilizing the country. His last major achievement was the purchase of the Dauphiné and the territory of Montpellier in the Languedoc, in 1349. At his death in 1350, France was still very much a divided country filled with social unrest.


Philip VI (1293 – 22 August 1350), known as the Fortunate (French: le Fortuné[1]) and of Valois, was the King of France from 1328 to his death. He was also Count of Anjou, Maine, and Valois from 1325 to 1328. A member of the Capetian dynasty, he was the son of Charles of Valois (who was the brother of King Charles IV's father Philip IV) and the first King of France from the House of Valois.


In 1328, King Charles IV died without a direct male descendant; however, at the time of his death his wife was pregnant. Philip, as Charles' cousin, was one of the two chief claimants to the throne along with the demands of Dowager Queen Isabella of England, the late King Charles' sister, who claimed the French throne for her young son King Edward III of England. Philip rose to the regency with support of French magnates, following the pattern set up by Philip V's succession over his niece Joan II of Navarre, and Charles IV's succession over all his nieces, including daughters of Philip V. A century later this pattern became the Salic law, which forbade females and those descended in the female line from succeeding to the throne. After Charles' queen, Jeanne d'Évreux, gave birth to a girl, Philip was crowned as King on 29 May 1328[2] at the Cathedral in Reims. Philip VI, though a descendant of Garcia VI of Navarre, was not an heir nor a descendant of Joan I of Navarre, whose inheritance (the kingdom of Navarre, as well as the counties of Champagne, Troyes, Meaux and Brie) had been in personal union with the crown of France almost fifty years and had long been administered by the same royal machinery (established by Philip IV, the father of French bureaucracy), which administrative resource was inherited by Philip VI. These counties were closely entrenched in the economic and administrative entity of the Royal Domain of France, being located adjacent to Ile-de-France. Philip, however, was not entitled to that inheritance; the rightful heiress was Louis X's surviving daughter, the future Joan II of Navarre, the genealogically senior granddaughter of Joan I of Navarre. Philip ceded Navarre to Joan II, but regarding the counties in Champagne, they struck a deal: Joan II received vast lands in Normandy (adjacent to her husband's fief in Evreux) in compensation, and Philip got to keep Champagne as part of the Royal Domain.


In 1328, King Charles IV died without a direct male descendant; however, at the time of his death his wife was pregnant. Philip, as Charles' cousin, was one of the two chief claimants to the throne along with the demands of Dowager Queen Isabella of England, the late King Charles' sister, who claimed the French throne for her young son King Edward III of England. Philip rose to the regency with support of French magnates, following the pattern set up by Philip V's succession over his niece Joan II of Navarre, and Charles IV's succession over all his nieces, including daughters of Philip V. A century later this pattern became the Salic law, which forbade females and those descended in the female line from succeeding to the throne. After Charles' queen, Jeanne d'Évreux, gave birth to a girl, Philip was crowned as King on 29 May 1328[2] at the Cathedral in Reims. Philip VI, though a descendant of Garcia VI of Navarre, was not an heir nor a descendant of Joan I of Navarre, whose inheritance (the kingdom of Navarre, as well as the counties of Champagne, Troyes, Meaux and Brie) had been in personal union with the crown of France almost fifty years and had long been administered by the same royal machinery (established by Philip IV, the father of French bureaucracy), which administrative resource was inherited by Philip VI. These counties were closely entrenched in the economic and administrative entity of the Royal Domain of France, being located adjacent to Ile-de-France. Philip, however, was not entitled to that inheritance; the rightful heiress was Louis X's surviving daughter, the future Joan II of Navarre, the genealogically senior granddaughter of Joan I of Navarre. Philip ceded Navarre to Joan II, but regarding the counties in Champagne, they struck a deal: Joan II received vast lands in Normandy (adjacent to her husband's fief in Evreux) in compensation, and Philip got to keep Champagne as part of the Royal Domain.


In 1328, King Charles IV died without a direct male descendant; however, at the time of his death his wife was pregnant. Philip, as Charles' cousin, was one of the two chief claimants to the throne along with the demands of Dowager Queen Isabella of England, the late King Charles' sister, who claimed the French throne for her young son King Edward III of England. Philip rose to the regency with support of French magnates, following the pattern set up by Philip V's succession over his niece Joan II of Navarre, and Charles IV's succession over all his nieces, including daughters of Philip V. A century later this pattern became the Salic law, which forbade females and those descended in the female line from succeeding to the throne. After Charles' queen, Jeanne d'Évreux, gave birth to a girl, Philip was crowned as King on 29 May 1328[2] at the Cathedral in Reims. Philip VI, though a descendant of Garcia VI of Navarre, was not an heir nor a descendant of Joan I of Navarre, whose inheritance (the kingdom of Navarre, as well as the counties of Champagne, Troyes, Meaux and Brie) had been in personal union with the crown of France almost fifty years and had long been administered by the same royal machinery (established by Philip IV, the father of French bureaucracy), which administrative resource was inherited by Philip VI. These counties were closely entrenched in the economic and administrative entity of the Royal Domain of France, being located adjacent to Ile-de-France. Philip, however, was not entitled to that inheritance; the rightful heiress was Louis X's surviving daughter, the future Joan II of Navarre, the genealogically senior granddaughter of Joan I of Navarre. Philip ceded Navarre to Joan II, but regarding the counties in Champagne, they struck a deal: Joan II received vast lands in Normandy (adjacent to her husband's fief in Evreux) in compensation, and Philip got to keep Champagne as part of the Royal Domain.


Philip's reign was punctuated with crises. It began with military success in Flanders at the Battle of Cassel (August 1328), where Philip's forces reseated Louis I of Flanders, who had been unseated by a popular revolution. The able Jeanne gave the first of many demonstrations of her competence as regent in his absence.


Philip initially enjoyed relatively amicable relations with Edward III, and they planned a crusade together in 1332, which was never executed. However, the status of the Duchy of Aquitaine remained a sore point, and tension increased. Philip provided refuge for David II of Scotland in 1334 and declared himself champion of his interests, which enraged Edward. By 1336, they were enemies, although not yet openly at war.


Philip successfully prevented an arrangement between the papacy in Avignon and Emperor Louis IV although, in July 1337, Louis concluded an alliance with Edward III.


The final breach with England came when Edward offered refuge to Robert III of Artois, formerly one of Philip's trusted advisers. However, after he committed forgery to try to obtain an inheritance, he barely escaped France with his life, and was hounded by Philip throughout Europe. Edward made him Earl of Richmond and honored him; in retaliation, Philip declared on 24 May 1337 that Edward had forfeited Aquitaine for rebellion and disobedience. Thus began the Hundred Years' War.


Philip entered the Hundred Years' War in a position of comparative strength. France was richer and more populous than England, and was then in the height of her medieval glory. The opening stages of the war, accordingly, were largely successful for the French.


At sea, French privateers raided and burned towns and shipping all along the southern and southeastern coasts of England. The English made some retaliatory raids, including the burning of a fleet in the harbor of Boulogne-sur-Mer, but the French largely had the upper hand. With his sea power established, Philip gave orders in 1339 to prepare an invasion of England, and began assembling a fleet off the Zeeland coast at Sluys. However, in June 1340, in the bitterly-fought Battle of Sluys ("l'Ecluse"), the English attacked the port and captured or destroyed the ships there, ending the threat of an invasion.


On land, Edward III largely concentrated upon Flanders and the Low Countries, where he had gained allies by diplomacy and bribery. A raid in 1339 (the first chevauchée) into Picardy ended ignominiously when Philip wisely refused to give battle. Edward's slender finances would not permit him to play a waiting game, and he was forced to withdraw into Flanders and return to England to raise more money. In July 1340, Edward returned and besieged Tournai; again, Philip brought up a relieving army which harassed the besiegers but did not offer open battle, and Edward was again forced to return home, fleeing the Low Countries secretly to escape his creditors.


So far, the war had gone quite well for Philip and the French. While often stereotyped as chivalry-besotten blockheads, Philip and his men had in fact carried out a successful Fabian strategy against the debt-plagued Edward, and resisted the chivalric blandishments of single combat or a combat of two hundred knights that he offered. In 1341, the War of the Breton Succession allowed the English to place permanent garrisons in Brittany. However, Philip was still in a commanding position: during Papally-arbitrated negotiations in 1343, he refused Edward's offer to end the war in exchange for the Duchy of Aquitaine in full sovereignty.


The next attack came in 1345, when the Earl of Derby overran the Agenais (lost twenty years before in the War of Saint-Sardos) and took Angoulême, while the forces in Brittany under Sir Thomas Dagworth also made gains. The French responded in the spring of 1346 with a massive counter-attack against Aquitaine, where an army under John, Duke of Normandy besieged Derby at Aiguillon. On the advice of Godfrey Harcourt (like Robert III of Artois, a banished French nobleman), Edward sailed for Normandy instead of Aquitaine. As Harcourt predicted, the Normans were ill-prepared for war, and many of the fighting men were at Aiguillon. Edward sacked and burned the country as he went, taking Caen and advancing as far as Poissy before retreating before the army Philip hastily assembled at Paris. Slipping across the Somme, Edward drew up to give battle at Crécy.


Close behind him, Philip had planned to halt for the night and reconnoiter the English position before giving battle the next day. However, his troops were disorderly and not to be handled: the roads were jammed by the rear of the army coming up, and by the local peasantry furiously calling for vengeance on the English. Finding them hopeless to control, he ordered a general attack as evening fell. Thus began the Battle of Crécy; and when it was done, the French army had been well-nigh annihilated, and Philip barely escaped capture. Fortune had turned against the French.


The English seized and held the advantage. Normandy called off the siege of Aiguillon and retreated northward, while Sir Thomas Dagworth captured Charles of Blois in Brittany. The English army pulled back from Crécy to besiege Calais; the town held out stubbornly, but the English were determined, and easily supplied across the English Channel. Philip led out a relieving army in July 1347, but unlike the siege of Tournai, it was now Edward who had the upper hand. With the plunder of his Norman expedition and the reforms of his tax system he had executed, he could hold to his siege lines and await an attack Philip dare not deliver. It was Philip who marched away in August, and the city capitulated shortly thereafter.


After the defeat at Crécy and loss of Calais, the Estates refused to raise money for Philip, halting his plans to counter-attack by invading England. In 1348, a new woe struck France: the Black Death, which in the next few years killed one-third of the population, including Queen Joan. The resulting labor shortage caused inflation to soar, and the king attempted to fix prices, further de-stabilizing the country. His last major achievement was the purchase of the Dauphiné and the territory of Montpellier in the Languedoc, in 1349. At his death in 1350, France was still very much a divided country filled with social unrest.


Philip VI (1293 – 22 August 1350), known as the Fortunate (French: le Fortuné[1]) and of Valois, was the King of France from 1328 to his death. He was also Count of Anjou, Maine, and Valois from 1325 to 1328. A member of the Capetian dynasty, he was the son of Charles of Valois (who was the brother of King Charles IV's father Philip IV) and the first King of France from the House of Valois.


Contents [hide]


1 Ascension to the throne


2 Reign


2.1 Hundred Years' War


2.2 Final years


3 Marriages and Children


4 Ancestry


5 References


6 Sources


[edit] Ascension to the throne


Philip's father, the younger brother of King Philip IV of France, had striven throughout his life to gain a throne for himself, but was never successful. He died in 1325, leaving his eldest son Philip as heir to the counties of Anjou, Maine, and Valois.


In 1328, Philip's first cousin, King Charles IV, died without a direct male descendant; however, at the time of his death his wife was pregnant. Philip was one of the two chief claimants to the throne along with the demands of Dowager Queen Isabella of England, the late King Charles' sister, who claimed the French throne for her young son King Edward III of England. Philip rose to the regency with support of the French magnates, following the pattern set up by Philip V's succession over his niece Joan II of Navarre, and Charles IV's succession over all his nieces, including daughters of Philip V. A century later this pattern became the Salic law, which forbade females and those descended in the female line from succeeding to the throne. After Charles' queen, Jeanne d'Évreux, gave birth to a girl, Philip was crowned as King on 29 May 1328[2] at the Cathedral in Reims. Philip VI was neither the heir nor a descendant of Joan I of Navarre, whose inheritance (the kingdom of Navarre, as well as the counties of Champagne, Troyes, Meaux and Brie) had been in personal union with the crown of France almost 50 years and had long been administered by the same royal machinery (established by Philip IV, the father of French bureaucracy), which administrative resource was inherited by Philip VI. These counties were closely entrenched in the economic and administrative entity of the Royal Domain of France, being located adjacent to Ile-de-France. Philip, however, was not entitled to that inheritance; the rightful heiress was Louis X's surviving daughter, the future Joan II of Navarre, the heir general of Joan I of Navarre. Philip ceded Navarre to Joan II, but regarding the counties in Champagne, they struck a deal: Joan II received vast lands in Normandy (adjacent to her husband's fief in Evreux) in compensation, and Philip got to keep Champagne as part of the Royal Domain.


[edit] Reign


Philip VI and his first wife, Joan of BurgundyPhilip's reign was punctuated with crises. It began with military success in Flanders at the Battle of Cassel (August 1328), where Philip's forces reseated Louis I of Flanders, who had been unseated by a popular revolution. The able Joan gave the first of many demonstrations of her competence as regent in his absence.


Philip initially enjoyed relatively amicable relations with Edward III, and they planned a crusade together in 1332, which was never executed. However, the status of the Duchy of Aquitaine remained a sore point, and tension increased. Philip provided refuge for David II of Scotland in 1334 and declared himself champion of his interests, which enraged Edward. By 1336, they were enemies, although not yet openly at war.


Philip successfully prevented an arrangement between the papacy in Avignon and Holy Roman Emperor Louis IV although, in July 1337, Louis concluded an alliance with Edward III.


The final breach with England came when Edward offered refuge to Robert III of Artois, formerly one of Philip's trusted advisers. However, after he committed forgery to try to obtain an inheritance, he barely escaped France with his life, and was hounded by Philip throughout Europe. Edward made him Earl of Richmond and honored him; in retaliation, Philip declared on 24 May 1337 that Edward had forfeited Aquitaine for rebellion and disobedience. Thus began the Hundred Years' War.


[edit] Hundred Years' War


French Monarchy


Capetian Dynasty


(House of Valois)


Philip VI


Children


John II

John II


Children


Charles V

Louis I of Anjou

John, Duke of Berry

Philip the Bold

Charles V


Children


Charles VI

Louis, Duke of Orléans

Charles VI


Children


Isabella of Valois

Michelle of Valois

Catherine of Valois

Charles VII

Charles VII


Children


Louis XI

Charles, Duke of Berry

Louis XI


Children


Charles VIII

Charles VIII


Philip entered the Hundred Years' War in a position of comparative strength. France was richer and more populous than England, and was then in the height of her medieval glory. The opening stages of the war, accordingly, were largely successful for the French.


At sea, French privateers raided and burned towns and shipping all along the southern and southeastern coasts of England. The English made some retaliatory raids, including the burning of a fleet in the harbor of Boulogne-sur-Mer, but the French largely had the upper hand. With his sea power established, Philip gave orders in 1339 to prepare an invasion of England, and began assembling a fleet off the Zeeland coast at Sluys. However, in June 1340, in the bitterly-fought Battle of Sluys ("l'Ecluse"), the English attacked the port and captured or destroyed the ships there, ending the threat of an invasion.


On land, Edward III largely concentrated upon Flanders and the Low Countries, where he had gained allies by diplomacy and bribery. A raid in 1339 (the first chevauchée) into Picardy ended ignominiously when Philip wisely refused to give battle. Edward's slender finances would not permit him to play a waiting game, and he was forced to withdraw into Flanders and return to England to raise more money. In July 1340, Edward returned and besieged Tournai; again, Philip brought up a relieving army which harassed the besiegers but did not offer open battle, and Edward was again forced to return home, fleeing the Low Countries secretly to escape his creditors.


So far, the war had gone quite well for Philip and the French. While often stereotyped as chivalry-besotten blockheads, Philip and his men had in fact carried out a successful Fabian strategy against the debt-plagued Edward, and resisted the chivalric blandishments of single combat or a combat of two hundred knights that he offered. In 1341, the War of the Breton Succession allowed the English to place permanent garrisons in Brittany. However, Philip was still in a commanding position: during Papally-arbitrated negotiations in 1343, he refused Edward's offer to end the war in exchange for the Duchy of Aquitaine in full sovereignty.


The next attack came in 1345, when the Earl of Derby overran the Agenais (lost twenty years before in the War of Saint-Sardos) and took Angoulême, while the forces in Brittany under Sir Thomas Dagworth also made gains. The French responded in the spring of 1346 with a massive counter-attack against Aquitaine, where an army under John, Duke of Normandy, besieged Derby at Aiguillon. On the advice of Godfrey Harcourt (like Robert III of Artois, a banished French nobleman), Edward sailed for Normandy instead of Aquitaine. As Harcourt predicted, the Normans were ill-prepared for war, and many of the fighting men were at Aiguillon. Edward sacked and burned the country as he went, taking Caen and advancing as far as Poissy before retreating before the army Philip hastily assembled at Paris. Slipping across the Somme, Edward drew up to give battle at Crécy.


Close behind him, Philip had planned to halt for the night and reconnoiter the English position before giving battle the next day. However, his troops were disorderly and not to be handled: the roads were jammed by the rear of the army coming up, and by the local peasantry furiously calling for vengeance on the English. Finding them hopeless to control, he ordered a general attack as evening fell. Thus began the Battle of Crécy; and when it was done, the French army had been well-nigh annihilated, and Philip barely escaped capture. Fortune had turned against the French.


The English seized and held the advantage. Normandy called off the siege of Aiguillon and retreated northward, while Sir Thomas Dagworth captured Charles of Blois in Brittany. The English army pulled back from Crécy to besiege Calais; the town held out stubbornly, but the English were determined, and easily supplied across the English Channel. Philip led out a relieving army in July 1347, but unlike the siege of Tournai, it was now Edward who had the upper hand. With the plunder of his Norman expedition and the reforms of his tax system he had executed, he could hold to his siege lines and await an attack Philip dare not deliver. It was Philip who marched away in August, and the city capitulated shortly thereafter.


[edit] Final years


After the defeat at Crécy and loss of Calais, the Estates refused to raise money for Philip, halting his plans to counter-attack by invading England. In 1348, a new woe struck France: the Black Death, which in the next few years killed one-third of the population, including Queen Joan. The resulting labor shortage caused inflation to soar, and the king attempted to fix prices, further de-stabilizing the country. His last major achievement was the purchase of the Dauphiné and the territory of Montpellier in the Languedoc, in 1349. At his death in 1350, France was still very much a divided country filled with social unrest.


[edit] Marriages and Children


Philip VI of FranceIn July, 1313, Philip married Joan the Lame (French: Jeanne), daughter of Robert II, Duke of Burgundy, and of Agnes of France, the youngest daughter of Louis IX. In an ironic twist to his "male" ascendancy to the throne, the intelligent, strong-willed Joan, an able regent of France during the King's long military campaigns, was said to be the brains behind the throne and the real ruler of France.


Their children were:


John II (26 April 1319 – 8 April 1364)


Marie (1326–1333), who married John of Brabant, the son and heir of John III, Duke of Brabant, but died shortly afterwards.


Louis (17 January 1328 – 17 January 1328)


Louis (8 June 1330 – 23 June 1330)


Jean (1333–1333)


Philip of Valois (1336–1375), Duke of Orleans


Joan (1337–1337)


After Joan died in 1348, Philip married Blanche of Navarre, daughter of Joan II and Philip III of Navarre, on 11 January 1350. They had one daughter: Joan (1351–1371), who was intended to marry John I of Aragon, but who died upon the journey.


Philip VI died at Nogent-le-Roi, Eure-et-Loir on 22 August 1350 and is interred with his second wife, Blanche of Navarre in Saint Denis Basilica. He was succeeded by his first son by Joan of Burgundy, who became John II.


In 1328, King Charles IV died without a direct male descendant; however, at the time of his death his wife was pregnant. Philip, as Charles' cousin, was one of the two chief claimants to the throne along with the demands of Dowager Queen Isabella of England, the late King Charles' sister, who claimed the French throne for her young son King Edward III of England. Philip rose to the regency with support of French magnates, following the pattern set up by Philip V's succession over his niece Joan II of Navarre, and Charles IV's succession over all his nieces, including daughters of Philip V. A century later this pattern became the Salic law, which forbade females and those descended in the female line from succeeding to the throne. After Charles' queen, Jeanne d'Évreux, gave birth to a girl, Philip was crowned as King on 29 May 1328[2] at the Cathedral in Reims. Philip VI, though a descendant of Garcia VI of Navarre, was not an heir nor a descendant of Joan I of Navarre, whose inheritance (the kingdom of Navarre, as well as the counties of Champagne, Troyes, Meaux and Brie) had been in personal union with the crown of France almost fifty years and had long been administered by the same royal machinery (established by Philip IV, the father of French bureaucracy), which administrative resource was inherited by Philip VI. These counties were closely entrenched in the economic and administrative entity of the Royal Domain of France, being located adjacent to Ile-de-France. Philip, however, was not entitled to that inheritance; the rightful heiress was Louis X's surviving daughter, the future Joan II of Navarre, the genealogically senior granddaughter of Joan I of Navarre. Philip ceded Navarre to Joan II, but regarding the counties in Champagne, they struck a deal: Joan II received vast lands in Normandy (adjacent to her husband's fief in Evreux) in compensation, and Philip got to keep Champagne as part of the Royal Domain.


Philip VI of France


From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia


Philip VI (1293 – 22 August 1350), known as the Fortunate (French: le Fortuné[1]) and of Valois, was the King of France from 1328 to his death. He was also Count of Anjou, Maine, and Valois from 1325 to 1328. A member of the Capetian dynasty, he was the son of Charles of Valois and first King of France from the House of Valois.


Ascension to the throne


In 1328, King Charles IV died without a direct male descendant; however, at the time of his death his wife was pregnant. Philip was one of the two chief claimants to the throne along with the demands of Dowager Queen Isabella of England, the late King Charles' sister, who claimed the French throne for her young son King Edward III of England. Philip rose to the regency with support of French magnates, following the pattern set up by Philip V's succession over his niece Joan II of Navarre, and Charles IV's succession over all his nieces, including daughters of Philip V. A century later this pattern became the Salic law, which forbade females and those descended in the female line from succeeding to the throne. After Charles' queen, Jeanne d'Évreux, gave birth to a girl, Philip was crowned as King on May 29, 1328[2] at the Cathedral in Reims. Philip VI, though a descendant of Garcia VI of Navarre, was not an heir nor a descendant of Joan I of Navarre, whose inheritance (the kingdom of Navarre, as well as the counties of Champagne, Troyes, Meaux and Brie) had been in personal union with the crown of France almost fifty years and had long been administered by the same royal machinery (established by Philip IV, the father of French bureaucracy), which administrative resource was inherited by Philip VI. These counties were closely entrenched in the economic and administrative entity of the Royal Domain of France, being located adjacent to Ile-de-France. Philip, however, was not entitled to that inheritance; the rightful heiress was Louis X's surviving daughter, the future Joan II of Navarre, the genealogically senior granddaughter of Joan I of Navarre. Philip ceded Navarre to Joan II, but regarding the counties in Champagne, they struck a deal: Joan II received vast lands in Normandy (adjacent to her husband's fief in Evreux) in compensation, and Philip got to keep Champagne as part of the Royal Domain.


Life


In July, 1313, Philip married Joan the Lame (French: Jeanne), daughter of Robert II, Duke of Burgundy, and princess Agnes of France, the youngest daughter of Louis IX. In an ironic twist to his "male" ascendancy to the throne, the intelligent, strong-willed Joan, an able regent of France during the King's long military campaigns, was said to be the brains behind the throne and the real ruler of France.


Their children were:


John II (April 26, 1319 – April 8, 1364)


Marie (1326–1333), who married John of Brabant, the son and heir of John III, Duke of Brabant, but died shortly afterwards.


Louis (January 17, 1328 – January 17, 1328)


Louis (June 8, 1330 – June 23, 1330)


Jean (1333–1333)


Philip of Valois (1336–1375), Duke of Orleans


Jeanne (1337–1337)


After Joan died in 1348, Philip married Blanche d'Évreux, princess of Navarre, daughter of the queen regnant Joan II of Navarre, on January 11, 1350. They had one daughter: Jeanne (1351–1371), who was intended to marry John I of Aragon, but who died upon the journey.


Philip VI died at Nogent-le-Roi, Eure-et-Loir on August 22, 1350 and is interred with his second wife, Blanche de Navarre (1330–1398) in Saint Denis Basilica. He was succeeded by his first son by Jeanne of Burgundy, who became John II.


Reign


Philip's reign was punctuated with crises. It began with military success in Flanders at the Battle of Cassel (August 1328), where Philip's forces reseated Louis I of Flanders, who had been unseated by a popular revolution. The able Jeanne gave the first of many demonstrations of her competence as regent in his absence.


Philip initially enjoyed relatively amicable relations with Edward III, and they planned a crusade together in 1332, which was never executed. However, the status of the Duchy of Aquitaine remained a sore point, and tension increased. Philip provided refuge for David II of Scotland in 1334 and declared himself champion of his interests, which enraged Edward. By 1336, they were enemies, although not yet openly at war.


Philip successfully prevented an arrangement between the papacy in Avignon and Emperor Louis IV although, in July 1337, Louis concluded an alliance with Edward III.


The final breach with England came when Edward offered refuge to Robert III of Artois, formerly one of Philip's trusted advisers. However, after he committed forgery to try to obtain an inheritance, he barely escaped France with his life, and was hounded by Philip throughout Europe. Edward made him Earl of Richmond and honored him; in retaliation, Philip declared on May 24, 1337 that Edward had forfeited Aquitaine for rebellion and disobedience. Thus began the Hundred Years' War.


Hundred Years' War


Philip entered the Hundred Years' War in a position of comparative strength. France was richer and more populous than England, and was then in the height of her medieval glory. The opening stages of the war, accordingly, were largely successful for the French.


At sea, French privateers raided and burned towns and shipping all along the southern and southeastern coasts of England. The English made some retaliatory raids, including the burning of a fleet in the harbor of Boulogne-sur-Mer, but the French largely had the upper hand. With his sea power established, Philip gave orders in 1339 to prepare an invasion of England, and began assembling a fleet off the Zeeland coast at Sluys. However, in June 1340, in the bitterly-fought Battle of Sluys ("l'Ecluse"), the English attacked the port and captured or destroyed the ships there, ending the threat of an invasion.


On land, Edward III largely concentrated upon Flanders and the Low Countries, where he had gained allies by diplomacy and bribery. A raid in 1339 (the first chevauchée) into Picardy ended ignominiously when Philip wisely refused to give battle. Edward's slender finances would not permit him to play a waiting game, and he was forced to withdraw into Flanders and return to England to raise more money. In July 1340, Edward returned and besieged Tournai; again, Philip brought up a relieving army which harassed the besiegers but did not offer open battle, and Edward was again forced to return home, fleeing the Low Countries secretly to escape his creditors.


So far, the war had gone quite well for Philip and the French. While often stereotyped as chivalry-besotten blockheads, Philip and his men had in fact carried out a successful Fabian strategy against the debt-plagued Edward, and resisted the chivalric blandishments of single combat or a combat of two hundred knights that he offered. In 1341, the War of the Breton Succession allowed the English to place permanent garrisons in Brittany. However, Philip was still in a commanding position: during Papally-arbitrated negotiations in 1343, he refused Edward's offer to end the war in exchange for the Duchy of Aquitaine in full sovereignty.


The next attack came in 1345, when the Earl of Derby overran the Agenais (lost twenty years before in the War of Saint-Sardos) and took Angoulême, while the forces in Brittany under Sir Thomas Dagworth also made gains. The French responded in the spring of 1346 with a massive counter-attack against Aquitaine, where an army under John, Duke of Normandy besieged Derby at Aiguillon. On the advice of Godfrey Harcourt (like Robert III of Artois, a banished French nobleman), Edward sailed for Normandy instead of Aquitaine. As Harcourt predicted, the Normans were ill-prepared for war, and many of the fighting men were at Aiguillon. Edward sacked and burned the country as he went, taking Caen and advancing as far as Poissy before retreating before the army Philip hastily assembled at Paris. Slipping across the Somme, Edward drew up to give battle at Crécy.


Close behind him, Philip had planned to halt for the night and reconnoiter the English position before giving battle the next day. However, his troops were disorderly and not to be handled: the roads were jammed by the rear of the army coming up, and by the local peasantry furiously calling for vengeance on the English. Finding them hopeless to control, he ordered a general attack as evening fell. Thus began the Battle of Crécy; and when it was done, the French army had been well-nigh annihilated, and Philip barely escaped capture. Fortune had turned against the French.


The English seized and held the advantage. Normandy called off the siege of Aiguillon and retreated northward, while Sir Thomas Dagworth captured Charles of Blois in Brittany. The English army pulled back from Crécy to besiege Calais; the town held out stubbornly, but the English were determined, and easily supplied across the English Channel. Philip led out a relieving army in July 1347, but unlike the siege of Tournai, it was now Edward who had the upper hand. With the plunder of his Norman expedition and the reforms of his tax system he had executed, he could hold to his siege lines and await an attack Philip dare not deliver. It was Philip who marched away in August, and the city capitulated shortly thereafter.


[edit]Final years


After the defeat at Crécy and loss of Calais, the Estates refused to raise money for Philip, halting his plans to counter-attack by invading England. In 1348, a new woe struck France: the Black Death, which in the next few years killed one-third of the population, including Queen Joan. The resulting labor shortage caused inflation to soar, and the king attempted to fix prices, further de-stabilizing the country. His last major achievement was the purchase of the Dauphiné and the territory of Montpellier in the Languedoc, in 1349. At his death in 1350, France was still very much a divided country filled with social unrest.


[edit]References


^ Heraldique-Europeenne


^ Curry, Anne (2003). The Hundred Years' War. New York: Rutledge, 18. ISBN 0-415-96863-1.



http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip_VI_of_France


Philip VI (French: Philippe VI) (1293 – 22 August 1350), called the Fortunate (French: le Fortuné) and of Valois, was the first King of France from the House of Valois. He reigned from 1328 until his death.


Philip's reign was dominated by the consequences of a succession dispute. When King Charles IV the Fair died without a male heir in 1328, the nearest male relative was his nephew Edward III of England, who inherited his claim through his mother Isabella of France, the sister of the dead king. It was held in France, however, that Edward was ineligible to inherit the French throne through the female line according to the ancient Salic Law. At first, Edward seemed to accept Philip's accession as the nearest male relative of Charles IV descended through the male line, however he pressed his claim to the throne of France after a series of disagreements with Philip. The result was the beginning of the Hundred Years' War in 1337.


After initial successes at sea, Philip's navy was annihilated at the Battle of Sluys in 1340, ensuring that the war would occur on the continent. The English took another decisive advantage at the Battle of Crécy (1346), while the Black Death struck France, further destabilizing the country.


In 1349, Philip VI bought the Dauphiné from its ruined ruler Humbert II and entrusted the government of this province to his grandson Charles. Philip VI died in 1350 and was succeeded by his son John II the Good.


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Agregado por: Ing. Carlos Juan Felipe Urdaneta Alamo, MD.IG.


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Jean II le Bon de Valois roi de France ♛ Ref: KF-1319 |•••► #FRANCIA 🇫🇷🏆 #Genealogía #Genealogy




 (Es Tu Primo Cuarto 13 Veces Removido)-is your fourth cousin 13 times removed de: Carlos Juan Felipe Antonio Vicente De La Cruz Urdaneta Alamo →Jean II le Bon de Valois, roi de France is your fourth cousin 13 times removed.


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Jean II le Bon de Valois, roi de France is your fourth cousin 13 times removed.of→ Carlos Juan Felipe Antonio Vicente De La Cruz Urdaneta Alamo→  Morella Álamo Borges

your mother → Belén Eloina Alamo

her mother → Belén de Jesús Ustáriz Lecuna

her mother → Miguel María Ramón de Jesús Uztáriz y Monserrate

her father → María de Guía de Jesús de Monserrate é Ibarra

his mother → Teniente Coronel Manuel José de Monserrate y Urbina

her father → Antonieta Felicita Javiera Ignacia de Urbina y Hurtado de Mendoza

his mother → Isabel Manuela Josefa Hurtado de Mendoza y Rojas Manrique

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her father → Sancha Manuel

his mother → Sancho Manuel de Villena Castañeda, señor del Infantado y Carrión de los Céspedes

her father → Manuel de Castilla, señor de Escalona

his father → Saint Ferdinand III, king of Castile & León

his father → Berenguela I la Grande, reina de Castilla

his mother → Blanche de Castille, reine consort de France

her sister → Louis IX the Saint, King of France

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Jean II 'le Bon' de Valois, roi de France  MP 

Género: Masculino

Nacimiento: 26 de abril de 1319

Château de Gué-de-Mauny, Le Mans, Países del Loira, Francia 

Muerte: 08 de abril de 1364 (44)

Savoy Palace, Londres, Middlesex, Inglaterra (Reino Unido) 

Lugar de enterramiento: Basilique de Saint-Denis, Seine-Saint-Denis, Isla de Francia, Francia

Familia inmediata:

Hijo de Felipe VI le Fortuné y Jeanne de Bourgogne, reine de France

Esposo de Juana de Borbón; Bonne de Luxembourg, reine consorte de France y Jeanne d'Auvergne, reine consorte de France

Padre de Blanche de France; Carlos V le Sage, roi de France; Luis I de Francia, duque de Anjou; Jean I le Magnifique, duque de Berry; Felipe II el Temerario, duque de Borgoña y otros 9

Hermano de Philippe de Valois, duque de Orleans; Marie de Valois de France; Luis de Valois; Louis de Valois, (mort jeune); Jean de Valois, (mort jeune) y 2 personas más

Medio hermano de Jeanne Blanche de Valois 


Añadido por: Bjørn P. Brox el 18 de junio de 2007

Gestionado por: Angus Wood-Salomon y 124 personas más

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Juan II de Francia


http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_II_de_France


Jean II de France, dit Jean le Bon, (né le 26 avril 1319 au château du Gué de Maulny du Mans - mort à Londres le 8 avril 1364), fils du roi Philippe VI et de son épouse Jeanne de Bourgogne, fut roi de France de 1350 à 1364, second souverain issu de la maison capétienne de Valois. Il est sa cré roi de France le 26 septembre 1350.


El 28 de julio de 1332, a la edad de 13 años, Juan se casó con Bonne de Bohemia (m. 1349), hija de Juan I (el Ciego) de Bohemia. Sus hijos fueron:


1) Carlos V (21 de enero de 1338-16 de septiembre de 1380)


2) Luis I, duque de Anjou (23 de julio de 1339-20 de septiembre de 1384)


3) Juan, duque de Berry (30 de noviembre de 1340-15 de junio de 1416)


4) Felipe II, duque de Borgoña (17 de enero de 1342-27 de abril de 1404)


5) Juana (24 de junio de 1343-3 de noviembre de 1373), casada con Carlos II (el Malo) de Navarra


6) María (12 de septiembre de 1344-octubre de 1404), casada con Roberto I, duque de Bar


7) Inés (1345-1349)


8) Margarita (1347-1352)


9) Isabel de Valois (1 de octubre de 1348-11 de septiembre de 1372), casada con Gian Galeazzo I, duque de Milán


El 19 de febrero de 1350, en Nanterre, se casó con Juana I de Auvernia (m. 1361), condesa de Auvernia y Boulogne. Era la viuda de Felipe de Borgoña, el heredero fallecido de ese ducado, y madre del joven Felipe I, duque de Borgoña (1344-61) que se convirtió en el hijastro y pupilo de Juan. Juan y Juana tuvieron dos hijas, las cuales murieron jóvenes:


1) Blanca (n. 1350)


2) Catalina (n. 1352)


Fue sucedido por su hijo, Carlos V.


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_II_of_France


Juan II (16 de abril de 1319 - 8 de abril de 1364), llamado Juan el Bueno (en francés: Jean le Bon), fue el rey de Francia desde 1350 hasta su muerte. Fue el segundo soberano de la Casa de Valois y es quizás mejor recordado como el rey que fue vencido en la batalla de Poitiers y llevado como cautivo a Inglaterra.


Hijo de Felipe VI y Juana de Borgoña, Juan se convirtió en conde de Anjou, conde de Maine y duque de Normandía en 1332. Fue creado conde de Poitiers en 1344, duque de Aquitania en 1345 y duque de Borgoña (como Juan I) de 1361 a 1363. Por su matrimonio con Juana I, condesa de Auvernia y Boulogne, se convirtió en jure uxoris conde de Auvernia y Boulogne de 1349 a 1360.


Juan sucedió a su padre en 1350 y fue coronado en Notre-Dame de Reims. Como rey, Juan se rodeó de administradores pobres, prefiriendo disfrutar de la buena vida que su riqueza como rey traía. Más tarde en su reinado, se hizo cargo de la administración él mismo.


Juan tenía nueve años cuando su padre se coronó como Felipe VI de Francia. Su ascenso al trono fue inesperado, y debido a que todas las descendientes femeninas de su tío Felipe el Hermoso fueron pasadas por alto, también fue disputado. El nuevo rey tuvo que consolidar su poder para proteger su trono de los pretendientes rivales. Por lo tanto, Felipe decidió casarse con su hijo Juan, que entonces tenía trece años, rápidamente para formar una fuerte alianza matrimonial, al mismo tiempo que le confirió el título de duque de Normandía.


Inicialmente se pensó en un matrimonio con Leonor, hermana del rey de Inglaterra, pero en su lugar Felipe invitó a Juan de Luxemburgo, rey de Bohemia, a Fontainebleau. Bohemia tenía aspiraciones hacia Lombardía y necesitaba el apoyo diplomático francés. Se elaboró un tratado. Las cláusulas militares estipulaban que en caso de guerra Bohemia apoyaría al ejército francés con cuatrocientos soldados de infantería. Las cláusulas políticas aseguraban que la corona lombarda no sería disputada si el rey de Bohemia lograba obtenerla. Felipe seleccionó a Bonne de Bohemia como esposa para su hijo, ya que estaba más cerca de la edad fértil (16 años), y la dote se fijó en 120.000 florines.


Juan alcanzó la mayoría de edad el 26 de abril de 1332, y recibió el señorío del ducado de Normandía, así como de los condados de Anjou y Maine. La boda se celebró el 28 de julio en la iglesia de Notre-Dame en Melun en presencia de seis mil invitados. Las festividades se prolongaron otros dos meses cuando el joven novio fue finalmente nombrado caballero en la catedral de Notre-Dame en París. Al duque Juan de Normandía se le concedieron solemnemente las armas de un caballero frente a una prestigiosa asistencia que reunía a los reyes de Luxemburgo y Navarra, y a los duques de Borgoña, Lorena y Brabante.


En 1332, Juan se convirtió en duque de Normandía en prerrogativa, y tuvo que lidiar con la realidad de que la mayor parte de la nobleza normanda ya estaba aliada con el campamento inglés. Efectivamente, Normandía dependía económicamente más del comercio marítimo a través del Canal de la Mancha que del comercio fluvial en el Sena. El ducado no había sido inglés durante 150 años, pero muchos terratenientes tenían posesiones al otro lado del Canal. En consecuencia, alinearse detrás de uno u otro soberano corría el riesgo de confiscación. Por lo tanto, la nobleza normanda fue gobernada como clanes interdependientes que les permitieron obtener y mantener cartas que garantizaban al ducado un acuerdo de autonomía. Se dividió en dos campos clave, los condes de Tancarville y los condes de Harcourt, que habían estado en conflicto durante generaciones[1].


La tensión surgió de nuevo en 1341. El rey, preocupado por la zona más rica del reino que irrumpía en un derramamiento de sangre, ordenó a los baillifs de Bayeux y Cotentin que sofocaran la disputa. Geoffroy d' Harcourt levantó tropas contra el rey, reuniendo a varios nobles protectores de su autonomía y contra la interferencia real. Los rebeldes exigieron que Geoffroy fuera nombrado duque, garantizando así la autonomía otorgada por la carta. Las tropas reales tomaron el castillo de Saint-Sauveur-le-Vicomte y Geoffroy fue exiliado al Brabante. Tres de sus compañeros fueron decapitados en París el 3 de abril de 1344[2].


En 1345, un número creciente de rebeldes normandos había comenzado a rendir homenaje a Eduardo III, constituyendo una gran amenaza para la legitimidad de los reyes Valois. La derrota en Crécy y la representación de Calais dañaron aún más el prestigio real. Las deserciones de la nobleza aumentaron, particularmente en el norte y el oeste, cuyas tierras cayeron dentro de la amplia influencia económica de Inglaterra. En consecuencia, el rey francés decidió buscar una tregua. El duque Juan conoció a Geoffroy d' Harcourt, a quien el rey acordó devolver todos los bienes confiscados; incluso nombrándolo capitán soberano en Normandía. John luego se acercó al Tancarville, que representaba al clan clave cuya lealtad podría finalmente asegurar su autoridad en Normandía. El matrimonio de Juan, vizconde de Melun con Juana, la única heredera del condado de Tancarville aseguró que el partido melun-tancarville permaneciera leal a Juan el Bueno, mientras que Godefroy de Harcourt continuó actuando como defensor de las libertades normandas y, por lo tanto, del partido reformador[3].


En 1354, el yerno y primo de Juan, Carlos II de Navarra, que, además de su pequeño reino pirenaico, también poseía extensas tierras en Normandía, estuvo implicado en el asesinato del condestable de Francia, Carlos de la Cerda. Sin embargo, para tener un aliado estratégico contra los ingleses en Gascuña, el 22 de febrero de 1354, Juan firmó el Tratado de Mantes con Carlos. La paz no duró entre los dos y Carlos finalmente estableció una alianza con Enrique de Grosmont, el primer duque de Lancaster. Al año siguiente (1355), Juan firmó el Tratado de Valognes con Carlos, pero esta segunda paz duró apenas más que la primera. En 1355, la Guerra de los Cien Años estalló de nuevo.


En julio de 1356, el Príncipe Negro, hijo de Eduardo III de Inglaterra, tomó un pequeño ejército en un chevauchée a través de Francia. Juan lo persiguió con un ejército propio. En septiembre, a pocos kilómetros al sureste de Poitiers, las dos fuerzas se encontraron.


Juan confiaba en la victoria, su ejército era probablemente el doble del tamaño de su oponente, pero no atacó de inmediato. Mientras esperaba, el legado papal iba y venía, tratando de negociar una tregua entre los líderes. Hay cierto debate sobre si el Príncipe quería o no pelear en absoluto. Ofreció su tren de vagones, que estaba muy cargado de botín. También prometió no luchar contra Francia durante siete años. Algunas fuentes afirman que incluso ofreció devolver a Calais a la corona francesa. Juan respondió exigiendo que cien de los mejores caballeros del Príncipe se entregaran a él como rehenes... Y también exigió como rehén al propio Príncipe.


No se pudo llegar a ningún acuerdo. Las negociaciones se rompieron y ambas partes se prepararon para el combate.


El día de la batalla de Poitiers, Juan y otros diecinueve caballeros de su guardia personal se vistieron de manera idéntica. Esto se hizo para confundir al enemigo, que haría todo lo posible para capturar al soberano en el campo. A pesar de esta precaución, Juan fue capturado. Aunque luchó con valor, empuñando un gran hacha de batalla, su casco fue derribado. Rodeado, luchó hasta que Denis de Morbecque, un exiliado francés que luchó por Inglaterra, se le acercó.


"Señor", dijo Morbecque. "Soy un caballero de Artois. Entrégate a mí y te llevaré al Príncipe de Gales".


El rey Juan se rindió entregándole su guante.


Esa noche el rey Juan cenó en la tienda de seda roja de su enemigo. El Príncipe Negro lo atendió personalmente. Luego fue llevado a Burdeos, y de allí a Inglaterra. Aunque Poitiers tiene una ubicación céntrica, no se sabe que nadie, noble o campesino, intentara rescatar a su rey.


Mientras negociaba un acuerdo de paz, primero fue retenido en el Palacio de Saboya, luego en una variedad de lugares, incluyendo Windsor, Hertford, el Castillo de Somerton en Lincolnshire, el Castillo de Berkhamsted en Hertfordshire y brevemente en King John's Lodge, anteriormente conocido como Shortridges, en East Sussex. Una tradición local en St Albans es que fue retenido en una casa en esa ciudad, en el sitio de la posada Fleur de Lys del siglo 15, antes de ser trasladado a Hertford. Hay un letrero en la posada a tal efecto, pero aparentemente no hay evidencia que confirme la tradición [1]. Finalmente, John fue llevado a la Torre de Londres.


Como prisionero de los ingleses, a Juan se le concedieron privilegios reales, lo que le permitió viajar y disfrutar de un estilo de vida real. En un momento en que la ley y el orden se estaban rompiendo en Francia y el gobierno estaba teniendo dificultades para recaudar dinero para la defensa del reino, sus libros de cuentas durante su cautiverio muestran que estaba comprando caballos, mascotas y ropa mientras mantenía un astrólogo y una banda de la corte. [cita requerida]


El Tratado de Brétigny (1360) fijó su rescate en 3.000.000 de coronas. Dejando a su hijo Luis de Anjou en Calais, en poder de los ingleses, como rehén de reemplazo, a Juan se le permitió regresar a Francia para recaudar los fondos.


Pero no todo salió según lo planeado. En julio de 1363, el rey Juan fue informado de que Luis había escapado. Preocupado por la deshonra de esto, y los atrasos en su rescate, Juan hizo algo que conmocionó y consternó a su pueblo: anunció que regresaría voluntariamente al cautiverio en Inglaterra. Su consejo trató de disuadirlo, pero persistió, citando razones de "buena fe y honor". Navegó hacia Inglaterra ese invierno y dejó a los empobrecidos ciudadanos de Francia nuevamente sin un rey.


Juan fue recibido en Londres en 1364 con desfiles y fiestas. Sin embargo, unos meses después de su llegada, cayó enfermo con una "enfermedad desconocida". Murió en Saboya en abril de 1364.


¿Por qué Juan regresó al cautiverio? Incluso en ese momento, cuando la caballería estaba quizás en su apogeo, su razonamiento parecía increíble. Los críticos alegaron que regresó a Londres por "causa joci" (razones de placer). Los historiadores han especulado que tal vez simplemente no pudo enfrentar las dificultades de la realeza en Francia. Tal vez creía que sería un defensor más fuerte de su reino si estuviera más cerca del rey Eduardo. Tal vez se haya dado cuenta de que no le quedaba mucho tiempo de vida, por lo que regresó a Inglaterra para evitar que Francia pagara el resto de su rescate. La verdadera razón del regreso de Juan a Inglaterra sigue siendo turbia.


Su cuerpo fue devuelto a Francia, donde fue enterrado en las cámaras reales de la Basílica de Saint Denis.


Juan II (16 de abril de 1319 - 8 de abril de 1364), llamado Juan el Bueno (en francés: Jean le Bon), fue el rey de Francia desde 1350 hasta su muerte. Fue el segundo soberano de la Casa de Valois y es quizás mejor recordado como el rey que fue vencido en la batalla de Poitiers y llevado como cautivo a Inglaterra.


Hijo de Felipe VI y Juana de Borgoña, Juan se convirtió en conde de Anjou, conde de Maine y duque de Normandía en 1332. Fue creado conde de Poitiers en 1344, duque de Aquitania en 1345 y duque de Borgoña (como Juan I) de 1361 a 1363. Por su matrimonio con Juana I, condesa de Auvernia y Boulogne, se convirtió en jure uxoris conde de Auvernia y Boulogne de 1349 a 1360.


Juan sucedió a su padre en 1350 y fue coronado en Notre-Dame de Reims. Como rey, Juan se rodeó de administradores pobres, prefiriendo disfrutar de la buena vida que su riqueza como rey traía. Más tarde en su reinado, se hizo cargo de la administración él mismo.


BIOGRAFÍA: b. 16 de abril de 1319, cerca de Le Mans, Fr.


d. 8 de abril de 1364, Londres


por el nombre de JOHN THE GOOD, jean le bon francés rey de Francia de 1350 a 1364. Capturado por los ingleses en la batalla de Poitiers el 19 de septiembre de 1356, se vio obligado a firmar los desastrosos tratados de 1360 durante la primera fase de la Guerra de los Cien Años (1337-1453) entre Francia e Inglaterra.


After becoming king on Aug. 22, 1350, John continued a truce with the English until later that year, when he had an English hostage, Raoul de Brienne, comte d'Eu, former constable of France, executed. By March 1351 King Edward III of England realized the impossibility of remaining at peace; but John committed the first act of hostility by attacking and recapturing Saint-Jean-d'Angély in western France that September 7. John signed a new truce with England on Sept. 12, 1351, but broke it by supporting the partisans of Charles of Blois (a pretender to Brittany, then held prisoner by Edward) in August 1352; the peace, however, was extended until September 23.

John's other bitter enemy was Charles II the Bad, king of Navarre, to whom John gave his daughter Joan as an offer of alliance; the enmity still remained strong, however, because John never paid a dowry or recognized a rent of 15,000 livres due to Charles. John further irritated Charles by giving the new constable of France, Charles de La Cerda, lands that were claimed by Charles of Navarre. In revenge, the latter had the new constable assassinated; but in spite of John's rage, the two kings made a superficial peace in February 1354. Charles desired an alliance with Edward, which so frightened John that he made another peace with Charles on Sept. 10, 1355. On April 16, 1356, at Rouen, John took his revenge on Charles by having him imprisoned.

Meanwhile Edward, displeased by the 1355 alliance between John and Charles, invaded France later that year but then returned to England before any confrontations. At the same time, Edward's son Edward, prince of Wales (later called the Black Prince), attacked southern France. Unable to halt the English invasions because he lacked funds, John gathered the States General to seek money and to impose an unpopular salt tax. John first went to defend Paris and Chartres. He and the Prince of Wales finally met near Poitiers in September 1356. The French army was decimated, and John was taken prisoner, leaving the French people grief-stricken and confused.

John was taken to London in April 1357, where he was lodged in the Savoy palace; there he concluded treaties (January 1358 and March 1359) so harsh that they were repudiated in France. Finally the treaties of Brétigny and of Calais (May and October 1360) fixed John's ransom at 3,000,000 gold écus and surrendered most of southwestern France to Edward. On Oct. 9, 1360, John was released to raise a ransom that France could not afford to pay, and hostages were accepted in his place. When one of the hostages (John's own son) escaped, John, feeling dishonoured, returned to England on his own volition as a prisoner.

Derechos de autor © 1994-2001 Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc



http://www.familysearch.org/eng/search/PRF/individual_record.asp?re...


Jean II de France, dit Jean le Bon[1], (né le 26 avril 1319 au château du Gué de Maulny du Mans - mort à Londres le 8 avril 1364), fils du roi Philippe VI et de son épouse Jeanne de Bourgogne, fut roi de France de 1350 à 1364, second souverain issu de la maison capétienne de Valois.

Il est sacré roi de France le 26 septembre 1350.


Le règne de Jean II le Bon est marqué par la défiance du pays envers les Valois choisis à la mort de Charles IV pour éviter qu'Édouard III, le plus proche descendant de Philippe le Bel ne prenne possession du trône de France. La nouvelle dynastie, confrontée à la crise de la féodalité, aux cinglantes défaites du début de la guerre de Cent Ans et à la grande peste, perd rapidement beaucoup de crédit; d'autant plus que, dans l'incapacité de faire rentrer les impôts, elle recourt à des mutations monétaires pour renflouer le trésor. Ces manipulations entraînent des dévaluations extrêmement impopulaires. Jean II le Bon, confronté aux intrigues de Charles le Mauvais, roi de Navarre et prétendant le plus direct à la couronne, gouverne dans le secret entouré d'hommes de confiance. Profitant de tous ces troubles et sûrs de la supériorité tactique conférée par l'arc long, les Anglais, menés par Édouard III et son fils le Prince noir, relancent la guerre en 1355.


Le 19 septembre 1356, Jean le Bon est battu et fait prisonnier à la bataille de Poitiers, malgré la restructuration de l'armée qu'il a menée. Le pays sombre alors dans le chaos. Les états généraux menés par Étienne Marcel et Robert Le Coq prennent le pouvoir à Paris et tentent d'installer Charles de Navarre à la tête d'une monarchie contrôlée. En 1358, les campagnes se soulèvent et s'allient avec Étienne Marcel, mais le dauphin, le futur Charles V, se fait nommer régent et retourne la situation. Jean le Bon peut regagner la France en 1360, après la signature du traité de Brétigny qui lui rend la liberté, mais cède un tiers du pays à Édouard III.


Son retour est difficile. Il faut payer son énorme rançon et les finances du royaume de France sont au plus bas. Il stabilise la monnaie grâce à la création du franc, mais les Grandes Compagnies pillent les campagnes et bloquent le commerce. Il tente de mettre fin à leurs agissements mais l'armée royale est vaincue à Brignais. Il tente ensuite d'en débarrasser le pays en les menant en croisade contre les Turcs avec l'argent du Pape. Il essuie un nouvel échec, Innocent VI mourant 15 jours avant son arrivée en Avignon et étant remplacé par le peu dispendieux Urbain V.


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Juan II de Francia. Une page de Wikipédia, l'encyclopédie libre.


http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_II_de_France



Juan II (16 de abril de 1319 - 8 de abril de 1364), llamado Juan el Bueno (en francés: Jean le Bon), fue el rey de Francia desde 1350 hasta su muerte. Fue el segundo soberano de la Casa de Valois y es quizás mejor recordado como el rey que fue vencido en la batalla de Poitiers y llevado como cautivo a Inglaterra.

Hijo de Felipe VI y Juana la Coja, Juan se convirtió en conde de Anjou, conde de Maine y duque de Normandía en 1332. Fue creado conde de Poitiers en 1344, duque de Aquitania en 1345 y duque de Borgoña (como Juan I) de 1361 a 1363. Por su matrimonio con Juana I, condesa de Auvernia y Boulogne, se convirtió en jure uxoris conde de Auvernia y Boulogne de 1350 a 1360.



Juan II (Le Mans, 16 de abril de 1319 - Londres, 8 de abril de 1364), llamado Juan el Bueno (en francés: Jean le Bon), fue un monarca valois que gobernó como rey de Francia desde 1350 hasta su muerte. Cuando Juan II llegó al poder, Francia se enfrentaba a varios desastres: la Peste Negra asoló el reino, que perdió casi la mitad de su población, las compañías libres de routiers saquearon el país y los ingleses obtuvieron varias victorias importantes, incluida la de Poitiers (1356) donde Juan fue capturado. Mientras estaba prisionero en Londres, el hijo de John, Charles, se convirtió en regente y se enfrentó a varias rebeliones, que superó. Para liberar a su padre, Carlos concluyó el Tratado de Brétigny (1360), que vio a Francia perder muchos territorios y pagar un enorme rescate. A cambio de rehenes, incluido su hijo Louis, John fue liberado de su cautiverio para recaudar fondos para su rescate. A su regreso a Francia, creó el franco para estabilizar la moneda e intentó deshacerse de las compañías libres enviándolas a una cruzada, pero el Papa Inocencio VI murió poco antes de su reunión en Aviñón. Cuando Juan fue informado de que Luis había escapado del cautiverio, regresó voluntariamente a Inglaterra, donde murió en 1364 y fue reemplazado por su hijo Carlos V. Juan tenía nueve años cuando su padre se coronó como Felipe VI de Francia. Su ascenso al trono fue inesperado, y debido a que todas las descendientes femeninas de su tío Felipe el Hermoso fueron pasadas por alto, también fue disputado. El nuevo rey tuvo que consolidar su poder para proteger su trono de los pretendientes rivales. Por lo tanto, Felipe decidió casarse con su hijo Juan, que entonces tenía trece años, rápidamente para formar una fuerte alianza matrimonial, al mismo tiempo que le confirió el título de duque de Normandía. Inicialmente se pensó en un matrimonio con Leonor, hermana del rey de Inglaterra, pero en su lugar Felipe invitó a Juan de Luxemburgo, rey de Bohemia, a Fontainebleau. Bohemia tenía aspiraciones hacia Lombardía y necesitaba el apoyo diplomático francés. Se elaboró un tratado. Las cláusulas militares estipulaban que en caso de guerra Bohemia apoyaría al ejército francés con cuatrocientos soldados de infantería. Las cláusulas políticas aseguraban que la corona lombarda no sería disputada si el rey de Bohemia lograba obtenerla. Felipe seleccionó a Bonne de Bohemia como esposa para su hijo, ya que estaba más cerca de la edad fértil (16 años), y la dote se fijó en 120.000 florines. Matrimonio con Bonne de Bohemia: Juan alcanzó la mayoría de edad el 26 de abril de 1332, y recibió el señorío del ducado de Normandía, así como de los condados de Anjou y Maine. La boda se celebró el 28 de julio en la iglesia de Notre-Dame en Melun en presencia de seis mil invitados. Las festividades se prolongaron otros dos meses cuando el joven novio fue finalmente nombrado caballero en la catedral de Notre-Dame en París. Al duque Juan de Normandía se le concedieron solemnemente las armas de un caballero frente a una prestigiosa asistencia que reunía a los reyes de Luxemburgo y Navarra, y a los duques de Borgoña, Lorena y Brabante. Duque de Normandía: En 1332, Juan se convirtió en duque de Normandía en prerrogativa, y tuvo que lidiar con la realidad de que la mayor parte de la nobleza normanda ya estaba aliada con el campamento inglés. Efectivamente, Normandía dependía económicamente más del comercio marítimo a través del Canal de la Mancha que del comercio fluvial en el Sena. El ducado no había sido inglés durante 150 años, pero muchos terratenientes tenían posesiones al otro lado del Canal. En consecuencia, alinearse detrás de uno u otro soberano corría el riesgo de confiscación. Por lo tanto, la nobleza normanda fue gobernada como clanes interdependientes que les permitieron obtener y mantener cartas que garantizaban al ducado un acuerdo de autonomía. Se dividió en dos campos clave, los condes de Tancarville y los condes de Harcourt, que habían estado en conflicto durante generaciones. La tensión surgió de nuevo en 1341. El rey Felipe, preocupado por la zona más rica del reino que irrumpía en un derramamiento de sangre, ordenó a los alguaciles de Bayeux y Cotentin que sofocaran la disputa. Geoffroy d' Harcourt levantó tropas contra el rey, reuniendo a varios nobles protectores de su autonomía y contra la interferencia real. Los rebeldes exigieron que Geoffroy fuera nombrado duque, garantizando así la autonomía otorgada por la carta. Las tropas reales tomaron el castillo de Saint-Sauveur-le-Vicomte y Geoffroy fue exiliado al Brabante. Tres de sus compañeros fueron decapitados en París el 3 de abril de 1344. En 1345, un número creciente de rebeldes normandos había comenzado a rendir homenaje a Eduardo III, constituyendo una gran amenaza para la legitimidad de los reyes Valois. La derrota en Crécy y la representación de Calais dañaron aún más el prestigio real. Las deserciones de la nobleza aumentaron, particularmente en el norte y el oeste, cuyas tierras cayeron dentro de la amplia influencia económica de Inglaterra. En consecuencia, el rey Felipe decidió buscar una tregua. El duque Juan conoció a Geoffroy d' Harcourt, a quien el rey acordó devolver todos los bienes confiscados; incluso nombrándolo capitán soberano en Normandía. John luego se acercó a la familia Tancarville, cuya lealtad podría finalmente asegurar su autoridad en Normandía. El matrimonio de Juan, vizconde de Melun con Juana, la única heredera del condado de Tancarville aseguró que el partido Melun-Tancarville permaneciera leal a Juan, mientras que Geoffroy d' Harcourt continuó actuando como defensor de las libertades normandas y, por lo tanto, del partido reformador. Tratado de Mantes y batalla de Poitiers: En 1354, el yerno y primo de Juan, Carlos II de Navarra, quien, además de su pequeño reino pirenaico, también poseía extensas tierras en Normandía, estuvo implicado en el asesinato del condestable de Francia, Carlos de la Cerda. Sin embargo, para tener un aliado estratégico contra los ingleses en Gascuña, Juan firmó el Tratado de Mantes con Carlos el 22 de febrero de 1354. La paz no duró entre los dos y Carlos finalmente estableció una alianza con Enrique de Grosmont, el primer duque de Lancaster. Al año siguiente (1355), Juan firmó el Tratado de Valognes con Carlos, pero esta segunda paz duró apenas más que la primera. En 1355, la Guerra de los Cien Años estalló de nuevo. En julio de 1356, el Príncipe Negro, hijo de Eduardo III de Inglaterra, tomó un ejército en una gran chevauchée a través de Francia. Juan lo persiguió con un ejército propio. En septiembre, a pocos kilómetros al sureste de Poitiers, las dos fuerzas se encontraron. Juan confiaba en la victoria, su ejército era probablemente el doble del tamaño de su oponente, pero no atacó de inmediato. Mientras esperaba, el legado papal iba y venía, tratando de negociar una tregua entre los líderes. Hay cierto debate sobre si el Príncipe quería pelear en absoluto. Ofreció su tren de vagones, que estaba muy cargado de botín. También prometió no luchar contra Francia durante siete años. Algunas fuentes afirman que incluso ofreció devolver a Calais a la corona francesa. Juan respondió exigiendo que 100 de los mejores caballeros del Príncipe se entregaran a él como rehenes, junto con el propio Príncipe. No se pudo llegar a ningún acuerdo. Las negociaciones se rompieron y ambas partes se prepararon para el combate. El día de la batalla de Poitiers, Juan y 19 caballeros de su guardia personal se vistieron de manera idéntica. Esto se hizo para confundir al enemigo, que haría todo lo posible para capturar al soberano en el campo. A pesar de esta precaución, Juan fue capturado. Aunque luchó con valor, empuñando un gran hacha de batalla, su casco fue derribado. Rodeado, luchó hasta que Denis de Morbecque, un exiliado francés que luchó por Inglaterra, se le acercó. "Señor", dijo Morbecque. "Soy un caballero de Artois. Entrégate a mí y te llevaré al Príncipe de Gales". El rey Juan se rindió entregándole su guante. Esa noche el rey Juan cenó en la tienda de seda roja de su enemigo. El Príncipe Negro lo atendió personalmente. Luego fue llevado a Burdeos, y de allí a Inglaterra. Aunque Poitiers tiene una ubicación céntrica, no se sabe que nadie, noble o campesino, intentara rescatar a su rey. Mientras negociaba un acuerdo de paz, primero fue retenido en el Palacio de Saboya, luego en una variedad de lugares, incluyendo Windsor, Hertford, el Castillo de Somerton en Lincolnshire, el Castillo de Berkhamsted en Hertfordshire y brevemente en King John's Lodge, anteriormente conocido como Shortridges, en East Sussex. Una tradición local en St Albans es que fue retenido en una casa en esa ciudad, en el sitio de la posada Fleur de Lys del siglo 15, antes de ser trasladado a Hertford. Hay un letrero en la posada a tal efecto, pero aparentemente no hay evidencia que confirme la tradición. [4] Finalmente, John fue llevado a la Torre de Londres. Prisionero de los ingleses: Como prisionero de los ingleses, a Juan se le concedieron privilegios reales, lo que le permitió viajar y disfrutar de un estilo de vida real. En un momento en que la ley y el orden se estaban rompiendo en Francia y el gobierno estaba teniendo dificultades para recaudar dinero para la defensa del reino, sus libros de cuentas durante su cautiverio muestran que estaba comprando caballos, mascotas y ropa mientras mantenía un astrólogo y una banda de la corte. El Tratado de Brétigny (1360) fijó su rescate en 3 millones de coronas. Dejando a su hijo Luis de Anjou en Calais, en poder de los ingleses, como rehén de reemplazo, a Juan se le permitió regresar a Francia para recaudar los fondos. Pero no todo salió según lo planeado. En julio de 1363, el rey Juan fue informado de que Luis había escapado. Preocupado por la deshonra de esto, y los atrasos en su rescate, Juan hizo algo que conmocionó y consternó a su pueblo: anunció que regresaría voluntariamente al cautiverio en Inglaterra. Su consejo trató de disuadirlo, pero persistió, citando razones de "buena fe y honor". Navegó hacia Inglaterra ese invierno y dejó a los empobrecidos ciudadanos de Francia nuevamente sin un rey. Juan fue recibido en Londres en 1364 con desfiles y fiestas. Unos meses después de su llegada, sin embargo, cayó enfermo con una enfermedad desconocida. Murió en Saboya en abril de 1364. Su cuerpo fue devuelto a Francia, donde fue enterrado en las cámaras reales de la Basílica de Saint Denis. Personalidad: John sufría de una salud frágil. Se dedicaba poco a la actividad física, practicaba justas raramente y solo ocasionalmente cazaba. Los contemporáneos informan que se enojó rápidamente y recurrió a la violencia, lo que llevó a frecuentes confrontaciones políticas y diplomáticas. Le gustaba la literatura, y fue mecenas de pintores y músicos. La imagen de un "rey guerrero" probablemente surgió del coraje en la batalla que mostró en Poitiers, y la creación de la Orden de la Estrella. Esto fue guiado por la necesidad política, ya que Juan estaba decidido a probar la legitimidad de su corona, particularmente porque su reinado, como el de su padre, estuvo marcado por continuas disputas sobre la reclamación de Valois tanto de Carlos II de Navarra como de Eduardo III de Inglaterra. Desde muy joven, Juan fue llamado a resistir a las fuerzas descentralizadoras que impactaban en las ciudades y la nobleza; cada uno atraído por la influencia económica inglesa o por el partido reformador. Creció entre la intriga y la traición, y en consecuencia gobernó en secreto solo con un círculo cercano de asesores de confianza. Tomó como esposa a Bonne de Bohemia, y engendró 10 hijos, en once años. Debido a su estrecha relación con Carlos de la Cerda, Carlos II de Navarra difundió rumores de un vínculo romántico entre ambos. La Cerda recibió varios honores y fue nombrado para el alto cargo de connetable cuando Juan se convirtió en rey; acompañó al rey en todos sus viajes oficiales a las provincias. El ascenso de La Cerda a la corte excitó los celos de los barones franceses, varios de los cuales lo apuñalaron hasta la muerte en 1354. Como tal, el destino de La Cerda fue paralelo al de Eduardo II de Inglaterra, Piers Gaveston en Inglaterra, y Juan II de Castilla, Álvaro de Luna, en España; la posición de un favorito real era peligrosa. El dolor de Juan por la muerte de La Cerda fue manifiesto y público. Ascendencia:

Familia e hijos: El 28 de julio de 1332, a la edad de 13 años, Juan se casó con Bonne de Bohemia (m. 1349), hija de Juan I (el Ciego) de Bohemia. Sus hijos fueron:


1.Charles V (21 January 1338 – 16 September 1380)

2.Louis I, Duke of Anjou (23 July 1339 – 20 September 1384)

3.John, Duke of Berry (30 November 1340 – 15 June 1416)

4.Philip II, Duke of Burgundy (17 January 1342–27 April 1404)

5.Joan (24 June 1343 – 3 November 1373), married Charles II (the Bad) of Navarre

6.Marie (12 September 1344 – October 1404), married Robert I, Duke of Bar

7.Agnes (9 December 1345 – April 1350)

8.Margaret (20 September 1347 – 25 April 1352)

9.Isabelle of Valois (1 October 1348 – 11 September 1372), married Gian Galeazzo I, Duke of Milan On 19 February 1350, at Nanterre, he married Joanna I of Auvergne (d. 1361), Countess of Auvergne and Boulogne. She was the widow of Philip of Burgundy, the deceased heir of that duchy, and mother of the young Philip I, Duke of Burgundy (1344–61) who became John's stepson and ward. John and Joanna had three children, all of whom died young:

1.Blanche (b. November 1350)

2.Catherine (b. early 1352)

3.a son (b. early 1353) He was succeeded by his son, Charles.

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Jeanne d'Auvergne, consorte de reine...

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Blanca de Francia

hija


Catalina de Francia

hija


N.N. de Francia

hijo


Bonne de Luxembourg, reine conso...

esposa


Blanca de Francia

hija


Charles V le Sage, roi de France

hijo


Luis I de Francia, duque de Anjou

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Jean I le Magnifique, duque de Berry

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Felipe II el Temerario, duque de Burg...

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Juana de Francia, reina consorte...

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Marie de France, duquesa consor...

hija


Juana de Borbón

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Agregado por: Ing. Carlos Juan Felipe Urdaneta Alamo, MD.IG.


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Louis I de France duc dAnjou ★ Ref: DA-1339 |•••► #FRANCIA 🇫🇷🏆 #Genealogía #Genealogy


 (Es Tu Quinto Primo 11 Veces Removido)-is your fifth cousin 11 times removed de: Carlos Juan Felipe Antonio Vicente De La Cruz Urdaneta Alamo →Louis I de France, duc d'Anjou is your fifth cousin 11 times removed.


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 (Linea Materna)

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Louis I de France, duc d'Anjou is your fifth cousin 11 times removed.of→ Carlos Juan Felipe Antonio Vicente De La Cruz Urdaneta Alamo→  Morella Álamo Borges

your mother → Belén Eloina Alamo

her mother → Belén de Jesús Ustáriz Lecuna

her mother → Miguel María Ramón de Jesús Uztáriz y Monserrate

her father → María de Guía de Jesús de Monserrate é Ibarra

his mother → Teniente Coronel Manuel José de Monserrate y Urbina

her father → Antonieta Felicita Javiera Ignacia de Urbina y Hurtado de Mendoza

his mother → Isabel Manuela Josefa Hurtado de Mendoza y Rojas Manrique

her mother → Juana de Rojas Manrique de Mendoza

her mother → Constanza de Mendoza Mate de Luna

her mother → Mayor de Mendoza Manzanedo

her mother → Juan Fernández De Mendoza Y Manuel

her father → Sancha Manuel

his mother → Sancho Manuel de Villena Castañeda, señor del Infantado y Carrión de los Céspedes

her father → Manuel de Castilla, señor de Escalona

his father → Elizabeth of Swabia

his mother → Kunigunde von Schwaben

her sister → Otakar II, King Of Bohemia

her son → Wenceslaus II, King of Bohemia

his son → Eliška - Elisabeth Přemyslovna, Česká královna

his daughter → Bonne de Luxembourg, reine consort de France

her daughter → Louis I de France, duc d'Anjou

her sonConsistency CheckShow short path | Share this path

Shortest in-law relationship

Louis I de France, duc d'Anjou is your fifth cousin 11 times removed's husband.


Louis I de France, duc d'Anjou  MP 

Gender: Male

Birth: July 23, 1339

Château du Bois de Vincennes, Val-de-Marne, Île-de-France, France

Death: September 20, 1384 (45)

Castello di Biseglia, Bari, Apulia, Italy

Place of Burial: Saint-Maurice of Angers Cathedral, Angers, Maine-et-Loire, Pays de la Loire, France

Immediate Family:

Son of Jean II le Bon de Valois, roi de France and Bonne de Luxembourg, reine consort de France

Husband of Marie de Blois-Châtillon

Fiancé of Custanza d'Aragona, regina consorte di Sicilia

Father of Marie d'Anjou, Princess Of Naples; Louis II d'Anjou, King of Naples and Charles d'Anjou, duc de Tarent

Brother of Blanche de France; Charles V le Sage, roi de France; Jean I le Magnifique, duc de Berry; Philip II the Bold, Duke of Burgundy; Juana de Francia, reina consorte de Navarra and 5 others

Half brother of Blanche de France; Catherine de France and N.N. de France 


Added by: Colleen Rose Keenan on October 24, 2007

Managed by: Angus Wood-Salomon and 31 others

Curated by: Victar


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Luis I de Nápoles De Wikipedia, la enciclopedia libre


Luis I de Anjou (23 de julio de 1339 - 20 de septiembre de 1384) fue el segundo hijo del rey Juan II de Francia y Bonne de Luxemburgo. Fue conde de Anjou 1356-1360, duque de Anjou 1360-1384, conde de Maine 1356-1384, duque de Touraine 1370-1384, y rey titular de Nápoles y Jerusalén y conde de Provenza y Forcalquier 1382-1384. Louis nació en el Château de Vincennes. Estuvo presente en la batalla de Poitiers (1356), en el batallón comandado por su hermano Carlos, el Delfín. Apenas lucharon y todo el grupo escapó en medio de la confrontación. Aunque humillante, su huida les permitió evitar la captura por parte de los ingleses, que ganaron la batalla de forma decisiva. El rey Juan II y el hermano menor de Luis, Felipe, no fueron tan afortunados y fueron capturados por los ingleses, comandados por Eduardo, el Príncipe Negro. Sus condiciones de rescate y paz entre Francia e Inglaterra fueron acordadas en el Tratado de Brétigny, firmado en 1360. Entre los puntos complicados del tratado había una cláusula que determinaba la entrega de 40 rehenes de alto rango como garantía para el pago del rescate del rey. Luis, ya duque de Anjou, estaba en este grupo y navegó a Inglaterra en octubre de 1360. Sin embargo, Francia no estaba en buenas condiciones económicas y se retrasaron nuevas cuotas de la deuda. Como consecuencia, Louis estuvo bajo custodia inglesa durante mucho más de los seis meses esperados. Intentó negociar su libertad en una negociación privada con Eduardo III de Inglaterra y, cuando esto fracasó, decidió escapar. A su regreso a Francia, se encontró con la desaprobación de su padre por su comportamiento poco caballeroso. Juan II se consideraba deshonrado y esto, combinado con el hecho de que sus pagos de rescate acordados en el Tratado de Brétigny estaban en mora, hizo que Juan regresara al cautiverio en Inglaterra para redimir su honor. De 1380 a 1382 Luis sirvió como regente de su sobrino, el rey Carlos VI de Francia, pero abandonó Francia en el último año para reclamar el trono de Nápoles tras la muerte de la reina Juana I. Ella lo había adoptado para sucederla, ya que no tenía hijos y no deseaba dejar su herencia a ninguno de sus parientes cercanos, con quienes se había peleado. Si bien pudo sucederla como conde de Provenza y Forcalquier después de su asesinato en 1382 por Carlos de Durazzo (su primo segundo), no tuvo éxito en recuperar el Reino de Nápoles de Carlos. Murió en Bari en 1384.


Family and issue

En 1360, se casó con María de Blois (m. 1404), Señora de Guisa. Tuvieron los siguientes hijos:


María (1370-1383)

Luis II de Anjou (1377-1417)

Carlos (1380-1404, Angers), príncipe de Tarento, conde de Roucy, Étampes y Gien

-http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/ANJOU,%20MAINE.htm#LouisAnjoudied1384B


LOUIS de France, hijo de JEAN II "le Bon" Rey de Francia y su primera esposa Bonne de Luxembourg (Château du Bois de Vincennes 23 Jul 1339-Biseglia Castle near Bari 20 Sep 1384, bur Angers Cathédrale Saint-Maurice). La Chronique Parisienne registra el nacimiento "le mardi aprez la feste saint-Jasques et saint Cristofle au moys de juillet au Boiz-de-Vincennes" 1339 de "Loys le segond filz de mons. Jehan de France duc de Normendie"[421]. La Chronique des règnes de Jean II et de Charles V registra que su padre fue nombrado caballero "Loys son second filz" después de su coronación en 1350[422]. Conde de Poitiers. Conde de Anjou et du Maine 1351. Duque de Anjou en Calais octubre de 1360. Fue encarcelado en Inglaterra, pero escapó en octubre de 1363. Fue heredero al trono desde la ascensión de su hermano mayor, el rey Carlos V en 1364, hasta el nacimiento en 1368 del futuro rey Carlos VI. Nombrado teniente del rey en Languedoc en junio de 1364, supervisó la reconquista de Inglaterra de la mayor parte del suroeste de Francia. En 1367, se apoderó del condado de Provenza de la familia de Anjou-Sicilia. Duque de Touraine en Vincennes el 16 de mayo de 1370, a cambio del condado de Maine. Con sus tres hermanos, fue regente durante la minoría de edad de su sobrino el rey Carlos V, convirtiéndose en presidente del consejo de regencia el 30 de noviembre de 1380. Juana I reina de Sicilia lo adoptó y lo declaró como su heredero en el Château de l'Œuf, Nápoles el 29 de junio de 1380, confiriéndole el título de Duca di Calabria, ratificado por el Papa Clemente VII en Aviñón 21/22 Jul 1380, confirmado el 1 de marzo de 1382. Se fue a Italia en 1382, usando el título de Luis I Rey de Sicilia desde el 30 de agosto de 1383, pero murió antes de que sus planes pudieran ser completamente implementados. Jacques des Baux, Príncipe di Tarento, príncipe titular de Acaya, déspota de Rumania, señor de Albania y Corfú, y emperador titular de Constantinopla nombró al duque Luis como su sucesor bajo su testamento[423].


Prometida (Perpiñán 8 feb 1351, sep 1352) a la infanta doña CONSTANZA de Aragón, hija de PEDRO IV "el Ceremonioso" rey de Aragón y su primera esposa la infanta doña María de Navarra (Poblet 1340-Catania julio 1363). Zurita registra las negociaciones en 1349 para los esponsales de "la Infanta doña Costança hija mayor del Rey de Aragón" y "el hijo mayor de Juan Duque de Normandía hijo primogenito del Rey Filippo de Francia" y en un pasaje posterior sus esponsales en 1351 a "Luys Conde de Anjous... hijo segundo del Duque de Normandía"[424]. Père Anselme registra contratos matrimoniales fechados el 8 de febrero de 1351 y septiembre de 1352 entre Luis y "Pierre IV roy d'Arragon... Constance d'Arragon, fille aînée de ce roy, et à son défaut... sa seconde fille Jeanne d'Arragon"[425].


m (9 de julio de 1360, contrato Château de Saumur agosto de 1360) MARIE de Blois-Châtillon, hija de CHARLES de Blois-Châtillon Duque de Bretaña y su esposa Jeanne de Penthièvre (1343-Angers 12 Nov 1404, bur Angers Cathédrale Saint-Maurice). El contrato de matrimonio entre "Louis fils de Roy de France Comte d'Anjou et du Maine Seigneur de Montpellier" y "Charles Duc de Bretagne, Comte de Richemont Vicomte de Limoges et Sire d'Avaugour de Guise et de Maine et Jehanne Duchesse, Comtesse, Vicomtesse et Dame desdits lieux... Marie de Bretagne nostre... fille" está fechado en agosto de 1360[426]. El conde Luis se casó sin el consentimiento de su padre, terminando así efectivamente su contrato de esponsales. Después de la muerte de su marido, María continuó la guerra en Nápoles. Pss di Tarento, por cesión de su cuñado Jean Duc de Berry en Cavaillon el 11 de septiembre de 1385, a cambio de los condados de Etampes y Gien. Usó el título de Reina de Sicilia.


Duke Louis & his wife had three children:

MARIE d'Anjou (octubre de 1370-antes del 26 de septiembre de 1383). Père Anselme afirma que "[le] compte de Jean Luissier" registra su nacimiento en octubre de 1370, y sugiere que ella murió antes que su padre, ya que no es nombrada en su testamento[427].

LOUIS d'Anjou (Château d'Angers 5 oct 1377-Château d'Angers 29 abr 1417, bur Angers Cathédrale Saint-Maurice). Duca di Calabria 1383, cuando su padre asumió el título de rey de Sicilia. Sucedió a su padre en 1384 como duque de Anjou rey de Sicilia, bajo la regencia de su madre. - ver más abajo.

CHARLES d'Anjou (1380-Angers, 17 de mayo de 1404). Père Anselme registra que Carlos recibió "[le] comté de Roucy, des terres de Guise, de Chilly, de plus des comtez d'Etampes et de Gien" bajo el testamento de su padre[428]. Conde de Rosellón, du Maine, d'Etampes et de Gien. Adoptado por Guillaume Roger Conde de Beaufort, quien le cedió su condado. Príncipe de Tarento. Duca di Calabria. Prometida (13 jun 1397) a --- di San Severino, hija de TOMASO di San Severino Duca di Venosa y su esposa ---. Père Anselme registra que su hermano arregló los esponsales de Carlos el 13 de junio de 1397 "avec la fille de Thomas de Saint Severin duc de Venouse"[429].

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Aboutedit | history

Louis I of Naples From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia


Louis I of Anjou (July 23, 1339 – September 20, 1384) was the second son of King John II of France and Bonne of Luxembourg. He was the Count of Anjou 1356–1360, Duke of Anjou 1360–1384, Count of Maine 1356–1384, Duke of Touraine 1370–1384, and titular King of Naples and Jerusalem and Count of Provence and Forcalquier 1382–1384. Louis was born at the Château de Vincennes. He was present at the Battle of Poitiers (1356), in the battalion commanded by his brother Charles, the Dauphin. They hardly fought and the whole group escaped in the middle of the confrontation. Although humiliating, their flight allowed them to avoid capture by the English, who won the battle decisively. King John II and Louis' younger brother Philip were not so fortunate and were captured by the English, commanded by Edward, the Black Prince. Their ransom and peace conditions between France and England were agreed in the Treaty of Brétigny, signed in 1360. Amongst the complicated items of the treaty was a clause that determined the surrender of 40 high-born hostages as guarantee for the payment of the king's ransom. Louis, already Duke of Anjou, was in this group and sailed to England in October 1360. However, France was not in good economic condition and further installments of the debt were delayed. As consequence, Louis was in English custody for much more than the expected six months. He tried to negotiate his freedom in a private negotiation with Edward III of England and, when this failed, decided to escape. On his return to France, he met his father's disapproval for his unknightly behavior. John II considered himself dishonored and this, combined with the fact that his ransom payments agreed to in the Treaty of Brétigny were in arrears, caused John to return to captivity in England to redeem his honor. From 1380 to 1382 Louis served as regent for his nephew, King Charles VI of France, but left France in the latter year to claim the throne of Naples following the death of Queen Joanna I. She had adopted him to succeed her, as she was childless and did not wish to leave her inheritance to any of her close relatives, with whom she had quarreled. While he was able to succeed her as Count of Provence and Forcalquier after her murder in 1382 by Charles of Durazzo (her second cousin), he was unsuccessful in regaining the Kingdom of Naples from Charles. He died at Bari in 1384.


Family and issue

In 1360, he married Marie of Blois (d. 1404), Lady of Guise. They had the following children:


Marie (1370–aft. 1383)

Louis II of Anjou (1377–1417)

Charles (1380–1404, Angers), Prince of Taranto, Count of Roucy, Étampes, and Gien

-http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/ANJOU,%20MAINE.htm#LouisAnjoudied1384B


LOUIS de France, son of JEAN II "le Bon" King of France & his first wife Bonne de Luxembourg (Château du Bois de Vincennes 23 Jul 1339-Biseglia Castle near Bari 20 Sep 1384, bur Angers Cathédrale Saint-Maurice). The Chronique Parisienne records the birth “le mardi aprez la feste saint-Jasques et saint Cristofle au moys de juillet au Boiz-de-Vincennes“ 1339 of “Loys le segond filz de mons. Jehan de France duc de Normendie”[421]. The Chronique des règnes de Jean II et de Charles V records that his father knighted “Loys son second filz” after his coronation in 1350[422]. Comte de Poitiers. Comte d'Anjou et du Maine 1351. Duc d'Anjou at Calais Oct 1360. He was imprisoned in England but escaped in Oct 1363. He was heir to the throne from the accession of his older brother King Charles V in 1364 until the birth in 1368 of the future King Charles VI. Appointed Lieutenant of the King in Languedoc in Jun 1364, he supervised the reconquest from England of most of south-west France. In 1367, he seized the county of Provence from the family of Anjou-Sicily. Duc de Touraine at Vincennes 16 May 1370, in exchange for the county of Maine. With his three brothers, he was regent during the minority of his nephew King Charles V, becoming president of the council of regency 30 Nov 1380. Jeanne I Queen of Sicily adopted him and declared him as her heir at the Château de l'Œuf, Naples 29 Jun 1380, conferring on him the title Duca di Calabria, ratified by Pope Clement VII at Avignon 21/22 Jul 1380, confirmed 1 Mar 1382. He left for Italy in 1382, using the title LOUIS I King of Sicily from 30 Aug 1383, but died before his plans could be fully implemented. Jacques des Baux, Principe di Tarento, titular Prince of Achaia, Despot of Romania, Lord of Albania and Corfu, and titular Emperor of Constantinople named Duke Louis as his successor under his testament[423].


Betrothed (Perpignan 8 Feb 1351, Sep 1352) to Infanta doña CONSTANZA de Aragón, daughter of PEDRO IV "el Ceremonioso" King of Aragon & his first wife Infanta doña María de Navarra (Poblet 1340-Catania Jul 1363). Zurita records negotiations in 1349 for the betrothal of “la Infanta doña Costança hija mayor del Rey de Aragon” and “el hijo mayor de Juan Duque de Normandia hijo primogenito del Rey Filippo de Francia” and in a later passage her betrothal in 1351 to “Luys Conde de Anjous...hijo segundo del Duque de Normandia”[424]. Père Anselme records marriage contracts dated 8 Feb 1351 and Sep 1352 between Louis and “Pierre IV roy d’Arragon...Constance d’Arragon, fille aînée de ce roy, et à son défaut...sa seconde fille Jeanne d’Arragon“[425].


m (9 Jul 1360, contract Château de Saumur Aug 1360) MARIE de Blois-Châtillon, daughter of CHARLES de Blois-Châtillon Duke of Brittany & his wife Jeanne de Penthièvre (1343-Angers 12 Nov 1404, bur Angers Cathédrale Saint-Maurice). The marriage contract between “Louis fils de Roy de France Comte d’Anjou et du Maine Seigneur de Montpellier” and “Charles Duc de Bretagne, Comte de Richemont Vicomte de Limoges et Sire d’Avaugour de Guise et de Maine et Jehanne Duchesse, Comtesse, Vicomtesse et Dame desdits lieux...Marie de Bretagne nostre...fille” is dated Aug 1360[426]. Comte Louis married without the consent of his father, thereby effectively terminating his betrothal contract. After the death of her husband, Marie continued the war in Naples. Pss di Tarento, by cession of her brother-in-law Jean Duc de Berry at Cavaillon 11 Sep 1385, in exchange for the counties of Etampes and Gien. She used the title Queen of Sicily.


Duke Louis & his wife had three children:

MARIE d'Anjou (Oct 1370-before 26 Sep 1383). Père Anselme states that “[le] compte de Jean Luissier“ records her birth in Oct 1370, and suggests that she predeceased her father as she is not named in his testament[427].

LOUIS d'Anjou (Château d'Angers 5 Oct 1377-Château d'Angers 29 Apr 1417, bur Angers Cathédrale Saint-Maurice). Duca di Calabria 1383, when his father assumed the title king of Sicily. He succeeded his father in 1384 as Duc d'Anjou King of Sicily, under the Regency of his mother. - see below.

CHARLES d'Anjou (1380-Angers 17 May 1404). Père Anselme records that Charles received “[le] comté de Roucy, des terres de Guise, de Chilly, de plus des comtez d’Etampes et de Gien“ under the testament of his father[428]. Comte de Roussillon, du Maine, d'Etampes et de Gien. Adopted by Guillaume Roger Comte de Beaufort, who ceded his county to him. Principe di Tarento. Duca di Calabria. Betrothed (13 Jun 1397) to --- di San Severino, daughter of TOMASO di San Severino Duca di Venosa & his wife ---. Père Anselme records that his brother arranged Charles’s betrothal 13 Jun 1397 “avec la fille de Thomas de Saint Severin duc de Venouse“[429].

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Marie de Blois-Châtillon

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Marie d'Anjou, Princess Of Naples

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Louis II d'Anjou, King of Naples

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Blanche de France

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Charles V le Sage, roi de France

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Agregado por: Ing. Carlos Juan Felipe Urdaneta Alamo, MD.IG.


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