(Es Tu Primo Cuarto 13 Veces Removido)-is your fourth cousin 13 times removed de: Carlos Juan Felipe Antonio Vicente De La Cruz Urdaneta Alamo →Philippe VI le Fortuné is your fourth cousin 13 times removed.
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(Linea Materna)
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Philippe VI le Fortuné is your fourth cousin 13 times removed.of→ Carlos Juan Felipe Antonio Vicente De La Cruz Urdaneta Alamo→ Morella Álamo Borges
your mother → Belén Eloina Alamo
her mother → Belén de Jesús Ustáriz Lecuna
her mother → Miguel María Ramón de Jesús Uztáriz y Monserrate
her father → María de Guía de Jesús de Monserrate é Ibarra
his mother → Teniente Coronel Manuel José de Monserrate y Urbina
her father → Antonieta Felicita Javiera Ignacia de Urbina y Hurtado de Mendoza
his mother → Isabel Manuela Josefa Hurtado de Mendoza y Rojas Manrique
her mother → Juana de Rojas Manrique de Mendoza
her mother → Constanza de Mendoza Mate de Luna
her mother → Mayor de Mendoza Manzanedo
her mother → Juan Fernández De Mendoza Y Manuel
her father → Sancha Manuel
his mother → Sancho Manuel de Villena Castañeda, señor del Infantado y Carrión de los Céspedes
her father → Manuel de Castilla, señor de Escalona
his father → Saint Ferdinand III, king of Castile & León
his father → Berenguela I la Grande, reina de Castilla
his mother → Blanche de Castille, reine consort de France
her sister → Charles I, King of Sicily
her son → Charles II "the Lame", King of Naples
his son → Marguerite d'Anjou, comtesse d'Anjou et du Maine
his daughter → Philippe VI le Fortuné
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Philippe VI le Fortuné is your third cousin 14 times removed's husband.
King Philippe VI de de Valois MP
Gender: Male
Birth: November 17, 1293
Fontainebleau, Seine-et-Marne, Ile-de-France, France
Death: August 22, 1350 (56)
Nogent-le-Roi, Eure-et-Loir, Centre-Val de Loire, France (Probablement la peste)
Place of Burial: Basilique Saint Denis, Saint-Denis, Seine-Saint-Denis, Île-de-France, France
Immediate Family:
Son of Charles of France, Count of Valois and Marguerite d'Anjou, comtesse d'Anjou et du Maine
Husband of Jeanne de Bourgogne, reine de France and Blanche de Navarre, reine de France
Father of Jean II le Bon de Valois, roi de France; Philippe de Valois, duc d'Orléans; Marie de Valois de France; Louis de Valois; Louis de Valois, (mort jeune) and 4 others
Brother of Jeanne de Valois, Countess of Hainault; Isabelle de Valois; Charles 'le Magnanime' de Valois, baron de Châteauneuf and Catherine de Valois
Half brother of Margaret de Brossard; Antoine Valois (de Brossard); Anne Valois (de Brossard); Jean de Valois, Comte de Chartres; Catherine II de Valois-Courtenay, Titular Empress of Constantinople and 6 others
Added by: Bjørn P. Brox on May 11, 2007
Managed by: Ric Dickinson and 115 others
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Felipe VI fue el 1.er rey francés de la Casa de Valois.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip_VI_of_France
Historia de la Casa de Valois y lista de descendientes relacionados:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_of_Valois
En 1328, el rey Carlos IV murió sin un descendiente varón directo; sin embargo, en el momento de su muerte su esposa estaba embarazada. Felipe, como primo de Carlos, fue uno de los dos principales pretendientes al trono junto con las demandas de la reina viuda Isabel de Inglaterra, hermana del difunto rey Carlos, quien reclamó el trono francés para su joven hijo el rey Eduardo III de Inglaterra. Felipe ascendió a la regencia con el apoyo de magnates franceses, siguiendo el patrón establecido por la sucesión de Felipe V sobre su sobrina Juana II de Navarra, y la sucesión de Carlos IV sobre todas sus sobrinas, incluidas las hijas de Felipe V. Un siglo más tarde, este patrón se convirtió en la ley sálica, que prohibía a las mujeres y a los descendientes en la línea femenina suceder al trono. Después de que la reina de Carlos, Juana de Évreux, diera a luz a una niña, Felipe fue coronado como rey el 29 de mayo de 1328[2] en la catedral de Reims. Felipe VI, aunque descendiente de García VI de Navarra, no era heredero ni descendiente de Juana I de Navarra, cuya herencia (el reino de Navarra, así como los condados de Champaña, Troyes, Meaux y Brie) había estado en unión personal con la corona de Francia casi cincuenta años y había sido administrada durante mucho tiempo por la misma maquinaria real (establecida por Felipe IV, el padre de la burocracia francesa), cuyo recurso administrativo fue heredado por Felipe VI. Estos condados estaban estrechamente arraigados en la entidad económica y administrativa del Dominio Real de Francia, al estar ubicados adyacentes a Ile-de-France. Felipe, sin embargo, no tenía derecho a esa herencia; la legítima heredera era la hija sobreviviente de Luis X, la futura Juana II de Navarra, la nieta genealógicamente mayor de Juana I de Navarra. Felipe cedió Navarra a Juana II, pero con respecto a los condados de Champaña, llegaron a un acuerdo: Juana II recibió vastas tierras en Normandía (adyacentes al feudo de su esposo en Evreux) en compensación, y Felipe pudo mantener Champaña como parte del Dominio Real.
El reinado de Felipe estuvo salpicado de crisis. Comenzó con el éxito militar en Flandes en la batalla de Cassel (agosto de 1328), donde las fuerzas de Felipe resentaron a Luis I de Flandes, que había sido derrocado por una revolución popular. La hábil Juana dio la primera de muchas demostraciones de su competencia como regente en su ausencia.
Felipe inicialmente disfrutó de relaciones relativamente amistosas con Eduardo III, y planearon una cruzada juntos en 1332, que nunca se ejecutó. Sin embargo, el estatus del Ducado de Aquitania siguió siendo un punto doloroso, y la tensión aumentó. Felipe proporcionó refugio a David II de Escocia en 1334 y se declaró campeón de sus intereses, lo que enfureció a Eduardo. En 1336, eran enemigos, aunque aún no estaban abiertamente en guerra.
Felipe evitó con éxito un acuerdo entre el papado en Aviñón y el emperador Luis IV aunque, en julio de 1337, Luis concluyó una alianza con Eduardo III.
La ruptura final con Inglaterra se produjo cuando Eduardo ofreció refugio a Roberto III de Artois, anteriormente uno de los asesores de confianza de Felipe. Sin embargo, después de cometer falsificaciones para tratar de obtener una herencia, apenas escapó de Francia con su vida, y fue perseguido por Felipe en toda Europa. Eduardo lo hizo conde de Richmond y lo honró; en represalia, Felipe declaró el 24 de mayo de 1337 que Eduardo había perdido Aquitania por rebelión y desobediencia. Así comenzó la Guerra de los Cien Años.
Felipe entró en la Guerra de los Cien Años en una posición de fuerza comparativa. Francia era más rica y más poblada que Inglaterra, y estaba entonces en el apogeo de su gloria medieval. Las etapas iniciales de la guerra, en consecuencia, fueron en gran medida exitosas para los franceses.
En el mar, los corsarios franceses asaltaron y quemaron ciudades y barcos a lo largo de las costas sur y sureste de Inglaterra. Los ingleses hicieron algunas incursiones de represalia, incluida la quema de una flota en el puerto de Boulogne-sur-Mer, pero los franceses en gran medida tenían la ventaja. Con su poder marítimo establecido, Felipe dio órdenes en 1339 para preparar una invasión de Inglaterra, y comenzó a reunir una flota frente a la costa de Zelanda en Sluys. Sin embargo, en junio de 1340, en la amargamente librada Batalla de Sluys ("l'Ecluse"), los ingleses atacaron el puerto y capturaron o destruyeron los barcos allí, poniendo fin a la amenaza de una invasión.
En tierra, Eduardo III se concentró en gran medida en Flandes y los Países Bajos, donde había ganado aliados por la diplomacia y el soborno. Una incursión en 1339 (la primera chevauchée) en Picardía terminó ignominiosamente cuando Felipe sabiamente se negó a dar batalla. Las escasas finanzas de Eduardo no le permitirían jugar un juego de espera, y se vio obligado a retirarse a Flandes y regresar a Inglaterra para recaudar más dinero. En julio de 1340, Eduardo regresó y sitió Tournai; una vez más, Felipe sacó a relucir un ejército aliviador que hostigó a los sitiadores pero no ofreció una batalla abierta, y Eduardo se vio obligado de nuevo a regresar a casa, huyendo de los Países Bajos en secreto para escapar de sus acreedores.
Hasta ahora, la guerra había ido bastante bien para Felipe y los franceses. Aunque a menudo se estereotipaba como cabezas de bloque de caballería, Felipe y sus hombres habían llevado a cabo una exitosa estrategia fabiana contra el endeudado Eduardo, y resistieron las tonterías caballerescas de un solo combate o un combate de doscientos caballeros que él ofreció. En 1341, la Guerra de Sucesión Bretona permitió a los ingleses colocar guarniciones permanentes en Bretaña. Sin embargo, Felipe todavía estaba en una posición de mando: durante las negociaciones arbitradas por Papalmente en 1343, rechazó la oferta de Eduardo de poner fin a la guerra a cambio del Ducado de Aquitania en plena soberanía.
El siguiente ataque se produjo en 1345, cuando el conde de Derby invadió el Agenais (perdido veinte años antes en la Guerra de Saint-Sardos) y tomó Angulema, mientras que las fuerzas en Bretaña bajo Sir Thomas Dagworth también obtuvieron ganancias. Los franceses respondieron en la primavera de 1346 con un contraataque masivo contra Aquitania, donde un ejército bajo Juan, duque de Normandía, sitió Derby en Aiguillon. Siguiendo el consejo de Godofredo Harcourt (como Roberto III de Artois, un noble francés desterrado), Eduardo navegó hacia Normandía en lugar de Aquitania. Como Harcourt predijo, los normandos estaban mal preparados para la guerra, y muchos de los combatientes estaban en Aiguillon. Eduardo saqueó y quemó el país a medida que avanzaba, tomando Caen y avanzando hasta Poissy antes de retirarse ante el ejército que Felipe reunió apresuradamente en París. Deslizándose a través del Somme, Eduardo se dispuso a dar batalla en Crécy.
Close behind him, Philip had planned to halt for the night and reconnoiter the English position before giving battle the next day. However, his troops were disorderly and not to be handled: the roads were jammed by the rear of the army coming up, and by the local peasantry furiously calling for vengeance on the English. Finding them hopeless to control, he ordered a general attack as evening fell. Thus began the Battle of Crécy; and when it was done, the French army had been well-nigh annihilated, and Philip barely escaped capture. Fortune had turned against the French.
The English seized and held the advantage. Normandy called off the siege of Aiguillon and retreated northward, while Sir Thomas Dagworth captured Charles of Blois in Brittany. The English army pulled back from Crécy to besiege Calais; the town held out stubbornly, but the English were determined, and easily supplied across the English Channel. Philip led out a relieving army in July 1347, but unlike the siege of Tournai, it was now Edward who had the upper hand. With the plunder of his Norman expedition and the reforms of his tax system he had executed, he could hold to his siege lines and await an attack Philip dare not deliver. It was Philip who marched away in August, and the city capitulated shortly thereafter.
After the defeat at Crécy and loss of Calais, the Estates refused to raise money for Philip, halting his plans to counter-attack by invading England. In 1348, a new woe struck France: the Black Death, which in the next few years killed one-third of the population, including Queen Joan. The resulting labor shortage caused inflation to soar, and the king attempted to fix prices, further de-stabilizing the country. His last major achievement was the purchase of the Dauphiné and the territory of Montpellier in the Languedoc, in 1349. At his death in 1350, France was still very much a divided country filled with social unrest.
Philip VI (1293 – 22 August 1350), known as the Fortunate (French: le Fortuné[1]) and of Valois, was the King of France from 1328 to his death. He was also Count of Anjou, Maine, and Valois from 1325 to 1328. A member of the Capetian dynasty, he was the son of Charles of Valois (who was the brother of King Charles IV's father Philip IV) and the first King of France from the House of Valois.
In 1328, King Charles IV died without a direct male descendant; however, at the time of his death his wife was pregnant. Philip, as Charles' cousin, was one of the two chief claimants to the throne along with the demands of Dowager Queen Isabella of England, the late King Charles' sister, who claimed the French throne for her young son King Edward III of England. Philip rose to the regency with support of French magnates, following the pattern set up by Philip V's succession over his niece Joan II of Navarre, and Charles IV's succession over all his nieces, including daughters of Philip V. A century later this pattern became the Salic law, which forbade females and those descended in the female line from succeeding to the throne. After Charles' queen, Jeanne d'Évreux, gave birth to a girl, Philip was crowned as King on 29 May 1328[2] at the Cathedral in Reims. Philip VI, though a descendant of Garcia VI of Navarre, was not an heir nor a descendant of Joan I of Navarre, whose inheritance (the kingdom of Navarre, as well as the counties of Champagne, Troyes, Meaux and Brie) had been in personal union with the crown of France almost fifty years and had long been administered by the same royal machinery (established by Philip IV, the father of French bureaucracy), which administrative resource was inherited by Philip VI. These counties were closely entrenched in the economic and administrative entity of the Royal Domain of France, being located adjacent to Ile-de-France. Philip, however, was not entitled to that inheritance; the rightful heiress was Louis X's surviving daughter, the future Joan II of Navarre, the genealogically senior granddaughter of Joan I of Navarre. Philip ceded Navarre to Joan II, but regarding the counties in Champagne, they struck a deal: Joan II received vast lands in Normandy (adjacent to her husband's fief in Evreux) in compensation, and Philip got to keep Champagne as part of the Royal Domain.
In 1328, King Charles IV died without a direct male descendant; however, at the time of his death his wife was pregnant. Philip, as Charles' cousin, was one of the two chief claimants to the throne along with the demands of Dowager Queen Isabella of England, the late King Charles' sister, who claimed the French throne for her young son King Edward III of England. Philip rose to the regency with support of French magnates, following the pattern set up by Philip V's succession over his niece Joan II of Navarre, and Charles IV's succession over all his nieces, including daughters of Philip V. A century later this pattern became the Salic law, which forbade females and those descended in the female line from succeeding to the throne. After Charles' queen, Jeanne d'Évreux, gave birth to a girl, Philip was crowned as King on 29 May 1328[2] at the Cathedral in Reims. Philip VI, though a descendant of Garcia VI of Navarre, was not an heir nor a descendant of Joan I of Navarre, whose inheritance (the kingdom of Navarre, as well as the counties of Champagne, Troyes, Meaux and Brie) had been in personal union with the crown of France almost fifty years and had long been administered by the same royal machinery (established by Philip IV, the father of French bureaucracy), which administrative resource was inherited by Philip VI. These counties were closely entrenched in the economic and administrative entity of the Royal Domain of France, being located adjacent to Ile-de-France. Philip, however, was not entitled to that inheritance; the rightful heiress was Louis X's surviving daughter, the future Joan II of Navarre, the genealogically senior granddaughter of Joan I of Navarre. Philip ceded Navarre to Joan II, but regarding the counties in Champagne, they struck a deal: Joan II received vast lands in Normandy (adjacent to her husband's fief in Evreux) in compensation, and Philip got to keep Champagne as part of the Royal Domain.
In 1328, King Charles IV died without a direct male descendant; however, at the time of his death his wife was pregnant. Philip, as Charles' cousin, was one of the two chief claimants to the throne along with the demands of Dowager Queen Isabella of England, the late King Charles' sister, who claimed the French throne for her young son King Edward III of England. Philip rose to the regency with support of French magnates, following the pattern set up by Philip V's succession over his niece Joan II of Navarre, and Charles IV's succession over all his nieces, including daughters of Philip V. A century later this pattern became the Salic law, which forbade females and those descended in the female line from succeeding to the throne. After Charles' queen, Jeanne d'Évreux, gave birth to a girl, Philip was crowned as King on 29 May 1328[2] at the Cathedral in Reims. Philip VI, though a descendant of Garcia VI of Navarre, was not an heir nor a descendant of Joan I of Navarre, whose inheritance (the kingdom of Navarre, as well as the counties of Champagne, Troyes, Meaux and Brie) had been in personal union with the crown of France almost fifty years and had long been administered by the same royal machinery (established by Philip IV, the father of French bureaucracy), which administrative resource was inherited by Philip VI. These counties were closely entrenched in the economic and administrative entity of the Royal Domain of France, being located adjacent to Ile-de-France. Philip, however, was not entitled to that inheritance; the rightful heiress was Louis X's surviving daughter, the future Joan II of Navarre, the genealogically senior granddaughter of Joan I of Navarre. Philip ceded Navarre to Joan II, but regarding the counties in Champagne, they struck a deal: Joan II received vast lands in Normandy (adjacent to her husband's fief in Evreux) in compensation, and Philip got to keep Champagne as part of the Royal Domain.
Philip's reign was punctuated with crises. It began with military success in Flanders at the Battle of Cassel (August 1328), where Philip's forces reseated Louis I of Flanders, who had been unseated by a popular revolution. The able Jeanne gave the first of many demonstrations of her competence as regent in his absence.
Philip initially enjoyed relatively amicable relations with Edward III, and they planned a crusade together in 1332, which was never executed. However, the status of the Duchy of Aquitaine remained a sore point, and tension increased. Philip provided refuge for David II of Scotland in 1334 and declared himself champion of his interests, which enraged Edward. By 1336, they were enemies, although not yet openly at war.
Philip successfully prevented an arrangement between the papacy in Avignon and Emperor Louis IV although, in July 1337, Louis concluded an alliance with Edward III.
The final breach with England came when Edward offered refuge to Robert III of Artois, formerly one of Philip's trusted advisers. However, after he committed forgery to try to obtain an inheritance, he barely escaped France with his life, and was hounded by Philip throughout Europe. Edward made him Earl of Richmond and honored him; in retaliation, Philip declared on 24 May 1337 that Edward had forfeited Aquitaine for rebellion and disobedience. Thus began the Hundred Years' War.
Philip entered the Hundred Years' War in a position of comparative strength. France was richer and more populous than England, and was then in the height of her medieval glory. The opening stages of the war, accordingly, were largely successful for the French.
At sea, French privateers raided and burned towns and shipping all along the southern and southeastern coasts of England. The English made some retaliatory raids, including the burning of a fleet in the harbor of Boulogne-sur-Mer, but the French largely had the upper hand. With his sea power established, Philip gave orders in 1339 to prepare an invasion of England, and began assembling a fleet off the Zeeland coast at Sluys. However, in June 1340, in the bitterly-fought Battle of Sluys ("l'Ecluse"), the English attacked the port and captured or destroyed the ships there, ending the threat of an invasion.
On land, Edward III largely concentrated upon Flanders and the Low Countries, where he had gained allies by diplomacy and bribery. A raid in 1339 (the first chevauchée) into Picardy ended ignominiously when Philip wisely refused to give battle. Edward's slender finances would not permit him to play a waiting game, and he was forced to withdraw into Flanders and return to England to raise more money. In July 1340, Edward returned and besieged Tournai; again, Philip brought up a relieving army which harassed the besiegers but did not offer open battle, and Edward was again forced to return home, fleeing the Low Countries secretly to escape his creditors.
So far, the war had gone quite well for Philip and the French. While often stereotyped as chivalry-besotten blockheads, Philip and his men had in fact carried out a successful Fabian strategy against the debt-plagued Edward, and resisted the chivalric blandishments of single combat or a combat of two hundred knights that he offered. In 1341, the War of the Breton Succession allowed the English to place permanent garrisons in Brittany. However, Philip was still in a commanding position: during Papally-arbitrated negotiations in 1343, he refused Edward's offer to end the war in exchange for the Duchy of Aquitaine in full sovereignty.
The next attack came in 1345, when the Earl of Derby overran the Agenais (lost twenty years before in the War of Saint-Sardos) and took Angoulême, while the forces in Brittany under Sir Thomas Dagworth also made gains. The French responded in the spring of 1346 with a massive counter-attack against Aquitaine, where an army under John, Duke of Normandy besieged Derby at Aiguillon. On the advice of Godfrey Harcourt (like Robert III of Artois, a banished French nobleman), Edward sailed for Normandy instead of Aquitaine. As Harcourt predicted, the Normans were ill-prepared for war, and many of the fighting men were at Aiguillon. Edward sacked and burned the country as he went, taking Caen and advancing as far as Poissy before retreating before the army Philip hastily assembled at Paris. Slipping across the Somme, Edward drew up to give battle at Crécy.
Close behind him, Philip had planned to halt for the night and reconnoiter the English position before giving battle the next day. However, his troops were disorderly and not to be handled: the roads were jammed by the rear of the army coming up, and by the local peasantry furiously calling for vengeance on the English. Finding them hopeless to control, he ordered a general attack as evening fell. Thus began the Battle of Crécy; and when it was done, the French army had been well-nigh annihilated, and Philip barely escaped capture. Fortune had turned against the French.
The English seized and held the advantage. Normandy called off the siege of Aiguillon and retreated northward, while Sir Thomas Dagworth captured Charles of Blois in Brittany. The English army pulled back from Crécy to besiege Calais; the town held out stubbornly, but the English were determined, and easily supplied across the English Channel. Philip led out a relieving army in July 1347, but unlike the siege of Tournai, it was now Edward who had the upper hand. With the plunder of his Norman expedition and the reforms of his tax system he had executed, he could hold to his siege lines and await an attack Philip dare not deliver. It was Philip who marched away in August, and the city capitulated shortly thereafter.
Después de la derrota en Crécy y la pérdida de Calais, los Estados se negaron a recaudar dinero para Felipe, deteniendo sus planes de contraatacar invadiendo Inglaterra. En 1348, un nuevo problema golpeó a Francia: la Peste Negra, que en los años siguientes mató a un tercio de la población, incluida la reina Juana. La escasez de mano de obra resultante hizo que la inflación se disparara, y el rey intentó fijar los precios, desestabilizando aún más el país. Su último gran logro fue la compra del Dauphiné y el territorio de Montpellier en el Languedoc, en 1349. A su muerte en 1350, Francia todavía era un país muy dividido lleno de disturbios sociales.
Felipe VI (1293 - 22 de agosto de 1350), conocido como el Afortunado (en francés: le Fortuné[1]) y de Valois, fue el rey de Francia desde 1328 hasta su muerte. También fue conde de Anjou, Maine y Valois de 1325 a 1328. Miembro de la dinastía de los Capetos, era hijo de Carlos de Valois (hermano del padre del rey Carlos IV, Felipe IV) y el primer rey de Francia de la Casa de Valois.
Contenido [ocultar]
1 Ascensión al trono
2 Reinado
2.1 Guerra de los Cien Años
2.2 Últimos años
3 Matrimonios e hijos
4 Ascendencia
5 Referencias
6 Fuentes
[editar] Ascensión al trono
El padre de Felipe, el hermano menor del rey Felipe IV de Francia, se había esforzado a lo largo de su vida por ganar un trono para sí mismo, pero nunca tuvo éxito. Murió en 1325, dejando a su hijo mayor Felipe como heredero de los condados de Anjou, Maine y Valois.
En 1328, el primo hermano de Felipe, el rey Carlos IV, murió sin un descendiente varón directo; sin embargo, en el momento de su muerte su esposa estaba embarazada. Felipe fue uno de los dos principales pretendientes al trono junto con las demandas de la reina viuda Isabel de Inglaterra, hermana del difunto rey Carlos, quien reclamó el trono francés para su joven hijo el rey Eduardo III de Inglaterra. Felipe ascendió a la regencia con el apoyo de los magnates franceses, siguiendo el patrón establecido por la sucesión de Felipe V sobre su sobrina Juana II de Navarra, y la sucesión de Carlos IV sobre todas sus sobrinas, incluidas las hijas de Felipe V. Un siglo más tarde, este patrón se convirtió en la ley sálica, que prohibía a las mujeres y a los descendientes en la línea femenina suceder al trono. Después de que la reina de Carlos, Juana de Évreux, diera a luz a una niña, Felipe fue coronado como rey el 29 de mayo de 1328[2] en la catedral de Reims. Felipe VI no era heredero ni descendiente de Juana I de Navarra, cuya herencia (el reino de Navarra, así como los condados de Champaña, Troyes, Meaux y Brie) había estado en unión personal con la corona de Francia casi 50 años y había sido administrada durante mucho tiempo por la misma maquinaria real (establecida por Felipe IV, el padre de la burocracia francesa), cuyo recurso administrativo fue heredado por Felipe VI. Estos condados estaban estrechamente arraigados en la entidad económica y administrativa del Dominio Real de Francia, al estar ubicados adyacentes a Ile-de-France. Felipe, sin embargo, no tenía derecho a esa herencia; la legítima heredera era la hija sobreviviente de Luis X, la futura Juana II de Navarra, la heredera general de Juana I de Navarra. Felipe cedió Navarra a Juana II, pero con respecto a los condados de Champaña, llegaron a un acuerdo: Juana II recibió vastas tierras en Normandía (adyacentes al feudo de su esposo en Evreux) en compensación, y Felipe llegó a mantener Champaña como parte del Dominio Real.
[editar] Reinado
Felipe VI y su primera esposa, Juana de BorgoñaEl reinado de Filadelfia estuvo salpicado de crisis. Comenzó con el éxito militar en Flandes en la batalla de Cassel (agosto de 1328), donde las fuerzas de Felipe resentaron a Luis I de Flandes, que había sido derrocado por una revolución popular. La hábil Juana dio la primera de muchas demostraciones de su competencia como regente en su ausencia.
Felipe inicialmente disfrutó de relaciones relativamente amistosas con Eduardo III, y planearon una cruzada juntos en 1332, que nunca se ejecutó. Sin embargo, el estatus del Ducado de Aquitania siguió siendo un punto doloroso, y la tensión aumentó. Felipe proporcionó refugio a David II de Escocia en 1334 y se declaró campeón de sus intereses, lo que enfureció a Eduardo. En 1336, eran enemigos, aunque aún no estaban abiertamente en guerra.
Felipe evitó con éxito un acuerdo entre el papado en Aviñón y el emperador del Sacro Imperio Romano Germánico Luis IV aunque, en julio de 1337, Luis concluyó una alianza con Eduardo III.
La ruptura final con Inglaterra se produjo cuando Eduardo ofreció refugio a Roberto III de Artois, anteriormente uno de los asesores de confianza de Felipe. Sin embargo, después de cometer falsificaciones para tratar de obtener una herencia, apenas escapó de Francia con su vida, y fue perseguido por Felipe en toda Europa. Eduardo lo hizo conde de Richmond y lo honró; en represalia, Felipe declaró el 24 de mayo de 1337 que Eduardo había perdido Aquitania por rebelión y desobediencia. Así comenzó la Guerra de los Cien Años.
[editar] Guerra de los Cien Años
Monarquía francesa
Dinastía de los Capetos
(Casa de Valois)
Felipe VI
Niños
John II
Juan II
Niños
Charles V
Louis I of Anjou
John, Duke of Berry
Philip the Bold
Carlos V
Niños
Charles VI
Louis, Duke of Orléans
Charles VI
Children
Isabella of Valois
Michelle of Valois
Catherine of Valois
Charles VII
Charles VII
Children
Louis XI
Charles, Duke of Berry
Louis XI
Children
Charles VIII
Charles VIII
Philip entered the Hundred Years' War in a position of comparative strength. France was richer and more populous than England, and was then in the height of her medieval glory. The opening stages of the war, accordingly, were largely successful for the French.
At sea, French privateers raided and burned towns and shipping all along the southern and southeastern coasts of England. The English made some retaliatory raids, including the burning of a fleet in the harbor of Boulogne-sur-Mer, but the French largely had the upper hand. With his sea power established, Philip gave orders in 1339 to prepare an invasion of England, and began assembling a fleet off the Zeeland coast at Sluys. However, in June 1340, in the bitterly-fought Battle of Sluys ("l'Ecluse"), the English attacked the port and captured or destroyed the ships there, ending the threat of an invasion.
On land, Edward III largely concentrated upon Flanders and the Low Countries, where he had gained allies by diplomacy and bribery. A raid in 1339 (the first chevauchée) into Picardy ended ignominiously when Philip wisely refused to give battle. Edward's slender finances would not permit him to play a waiting game, and he was forced to withdraw into Flanders and return to England to raise more money. In July 1340, Edward returned and besieged Tournai; again, Philip brought up a relieving army which harassed the besiegers but did not offer open battle, and Edward was again forced to return home, fleeing the Low Countries secretly to escape his creditors.
So far, the war had gone quite well for Philip and the French. While often stereotyped as chivalry-besotten blockheads, Philip and his men had in fact carried out a successful Fabian strategy against the debt-plagued Edward, and resisted the chivalric blandishments of single combat or a combat of two hundred knights that he offered. In 1341, the War of the Breton Succession allowed the English to place permanent garrisons in Brittany. However, Philip was still in a commanding position: during Papally-arbitrated negotiations in 1343, he refused Edward's offer to end the war in exchange for the Duchy of Aquitaine in full sovereignty.
The next attack came in 1345, when the Earl of Derby overran the Agenais (lost twenty years before in the War of Saint-Sardos) and took Angoulême, while the forces in Brittany under Sir Thomas Dagworth also made gains. The French responded in the spring of 1346 with a massive counter-attack against Aquitaine, where an army under John, Duke of Normandy, besieged Derby at Aiguillon. On the advice of Godfrey Harcourt (like Robert III of Artois, a banished French nobleman), Edward sailed for Normandy instead of Aquitaine. As Harcourt predicted, the Normans were ill-prepared for war, and many of the fighting men were at Aiguillon. Edward sacked and burned the country as he went, taking Caen and advancing as far as Poissy before retreating before the army Philip hastily assembled at Paris. Slipping across the Somme, Edward drew up to give battle at Crécy.
Close behind him, Philip had planned to halt for the night and reconnoiter the English position before giving battle the next day. However, his troops were disorderly and not to be handled: the roads were jammed by the rear of the army coming up, and by the local peasantry furiously calling for vengeance on the English. Finding them hopeless to control, he ordered a general attack as evening fell. Thus began the Battle of Crécy; and when it was done, the French army had been well-nigh annihilated, and Philip barely escaped capture. Fortune had turned against the French.
The English seized and held the advantage. Normandy called off the siege of Aiguillon and retreated northward, while Sir Thomas Dagworth captured Charles of Blois in Brittany. The English army pulled back from Crécy to besiege Calais; the town held out stubbornly, but the English were determined, and easily supplied across the English Channel. Philip led out a relieving army in July 1347, but unlike the siege of Tournai, it was now Edward who had the upper hand. With the plunder of his Norman expedition and the reforms of his tax system he had executed, he could hold to his siege lines and await an attack Philip dare not deliver. It was Philip who marched away in August, and the city capitulated shortly thereafter.
[edit] Final years
After the defeat at Crécy and loss of Calais, the Estates refused to raise money for Philip, halting his plans to counter-attack by invading England. In 1348, a new woe struck France: the Black Death, which in the next few years killed one-third of the population, including Queen Joan. The resulting labor shortage caused inflation to soar, and the king attempted to fix prices, further de-stabilizing the country. His last major achievement was the purchase of the Dauphiné and the territory of Montpellier in the Languedoc, in 1349. At his death in 1350, France was still very much a divided country filled with social unrest.
[edit] Marriages and Children
Philip VI of FranceIn July, 1313, Philip married Joan the Lame (French: Jeanne), daughter of Robert II, Duke of Burgundy, and of Agnes of France, the youngest daughter of Louis IX. In an ironic twist to his "male" ascendancy to the throne, the intelligent, strong-willed Joan, an able regent of France during the King's long military campaigns, was said to be the brains behind the throne and the real ruler of France.
Their children were:
John II (26 April 1319 – 8 April 1364)
Marie (1326–1333), who married John of Brabant, the son and heir of John III, Duke of Brabant, but died shortly afterwards.
Louis (17 January 1328 – 17 January 1328)
Louis (8 June 1330 – 23 June 1330)
Jean (1333–1333)
Philip of Valois (1336–1375), Duke of Orleans
Joan (1337–1337)
After Joan died in 1348, Philip married Blanche of Navarre, daughter of Joan II and Philip III of Navarre, on 11 January 1350. They had one daughter: Joan (1351–1371), who was intended to marry John I of Aragon, but who died upon the journey.
Philip VI died at Nogent-le-Roi, Eure-et-Loir on 22 August 1350 and is interred with his second wife, Blanche of Navarre in Saint Denis Basilica. He was succeeded by his first son by Joan of Burgundy, who became John II.
In 1328, King Charles IV died without a direct male descendant; however, at the time of his death his wife was pregnant. Philip, as Charles' cousin, was one of the two chief claimants to the throne along with the demands of Dowager Queen Isabella of England, the late King Charles' sister, who claimed the French throne for her young son King Edward III of England. Philip rose to the regency with support of French magnates, following the pattern set up by Philip V's succession over his niece Joan II of Navarre, and Charles IV's succession over all his nieces, including daughters of Philip V. A century later this pattern became the Salic law, which forbade females and those descended in the female line from succeeding to the throne. After Charles' queen, Jeanne d'Évreux, gave birth to a girl, Philip was crowned as King on 29 May 1328[2] at the Cathedral in Reims. Philip VI, though a descendant of Garcia VI of Navarre, was not an heir nor a descendant of Joan I of Navarre, whose inheritance (the kingdom of Navarre, as well as the counties of Champagne, Troyes, Meaux and Brie) had been in personal union with the crown of France almost fifty years and had long been administered by the same royal machinery (established by Philip IV, the father of French bureaucracy), which administrative resource was inherited by Philip VI. These counties were closely entrenched in the economic and administrative entity of the Royal Domain of France, being located adjacent to Ile-de-France. Philip, however, was not entitled to that inheritance; the rightful heiress was Louis X's surviving daughter, the future Joan II of Navarre, the genealogically senior granddaughter of Joan I of Navarre. Philip ceded Navarre to Joan II, but regarding the counties in Champagne, they struck a deal: Joan II received vast lands in Normandy (adjacent to her husband's fief in Evreux) in compensation, and Philip got to keep Champagne as part of the Royal Domain.
Philip VI of France
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Philip VI (1293 – 22 August 1350), known as the Fortunate (French: le Fortuné[1]) and of Valois, was the King of France from 1328 to his death. He was also Count of Anjou, Maine, and Valois from 1325 to 1328. A member of the Capetian dynasty, he was the son of Charles of Valois and first King of France from the House of Valois.
Ascension to the throne
En 1328, el rey Carlos IV murió sin un descendiente varón directo; sin embargo, en el momento de su muerte su esposa estaba embarazada. Felipe fue uno de los dos principales pretendientes al trono junto con las demandas de la reina viuda Isabel de Inglaterra, hermana del difunto rey Carlos, quien reclamó el trono francés para su joven hijo el rey Eduardo III de Inglaterra. Felipe ascendió a la regencia con el apoyo de magnates franceses, siguiendo el patrón establecido por la sucesión de Felipe V sobre su sobrina Juana II de Navarra, y la sucesión de Carlos IV sobre todas sus sobrinas, incluidas las hijas de Felipe V. Un siglo más tarde, este patrón se convirtió en la ley sálica, que prohibía a las mujeres y a los descendientes en la línea femenina suceder al trono. Después de que la reina de Carlos, Jeanne d'Évreux, diera a luz a una niña, Felipe fue coronado como rey el 29 de mayo de 1328[2] en la Catedral de Reims. Felipe VI, aunque descendiente de García VI de Navarra, no era heredero ni descendiente de Juana I de Navarra, cuya herencia (el reino de Navarra, así como los condados de Champaña, Troyes, Meaux y Brie) había estado en unión personal con la corona de Francia casi cincuenta años y había sido administrada durante mucho tiempo por la misma maquinaria real (establecida por Felipe IV, el padre de la burocracia francesa), cuyo recurso administrativo fue heredado por Felipe VI. Estos condados estaban estrechamente arraigados en la entidad económica y administrativa del Dominio Real de Francia, al estar ubicados adyacentes a Ile-de-France. Felipe, sin embargo, no tenía derecho a esa herencia; la legítima heredera era la hija sobreviviente de Luis X, la futura Juana II de Navarra, la nieta genealógicamente mayor de Juana I de Navarra. Felipe cedió Navarra a Juana II, pero con respecto a los condados de Champaña, llegaron a un acuerdo: Juana II recibió vastas tierras en Normandía (adyacentes al feudo de su esposo en Evreux) en compensación, y Felipe llegó a mantener Champaña como parte del Dominio Real.
Vida
En julio de 1313, Felipe se casó con Juana la Coja (en francés: Jeanne), hija de Roberto II, duque de Borgoña, y la princesa Inés de Francia, la hija menor de Luis IX. En un giro irónico a su ascenso "masculino" al trono, se decía que la inteligente y fuerte Juana, una hábil regente de Francia durante las largas campañas militares del rey, era el cerebro detrás del trono y el verdadero gobernante de Francia.
Sus hijos fueron:
Juan II (26 de abril de 1319 - 8 de abril de 1364)
María (1326-1333), que se casó con Juan de Brabante, el hijo y heredero de Juan III, duque de Brabante, pero murió poco después.
Luis (17 de enero de 1328 - 17 de enero de 1328)
Luis (8 de junio de 1330 - 23 de junio de 1330)
Juan (1333-1333)
Felipe de Valois (1336-1375), duque de Orleans
Juana (1337-1337)
Después de la muerte de Juana en 1348, Felipe se casó con Blanca de Évreux, princesa de Navarra, hija de la reina reinante Juana II de Navarra, el 11 de enero de 1350. Tuvieron una hija: Juana (1351-1371), que estaba destinada a casarse con Juan I de Aragón, pero que murió en el viaje.
Felipe VI murió en Nogent-le-Roi, Eure-et-Loir el 22 de agosto de 1350 y está enterrado con su segunda esposa, Blanca de Navarra (1330-1398) en la Basílica de Saint Denis. Fue sucedido por su primer hijo por Juana de Borgoña, que se convirtió en Juan II.
Reinado
El reinado de Felipe estuvo salpicado de crisis. Comenzó con el éxito militar en Flandes en la batalla de Cassel (agosto de 1328), donde las fuerzas de Felipe resentaron a Luis I de Flandes, que había sido derrocado por una revolución popular. La hábil Juana dio la primera de muchas demostraciones de su competencia como regente en su ausencia.
Felipe inicialmente disfrutó de relaciones relativamente amistosas con Eduardo III, y planearon una cruzada juntos en 1332, que nunca se ejecutó. Sin embargo, el estatus del Ducado de Aquitania siguió siendo un punto doloroso, y la tensión aumentó. Felipe proporcionó refugio a David II de Escocia en 1334 y se declaró campeón de sus intereses, lo que enfureció a Eduardo. En 1336, eran enemigos, aunque aún no estaban abiertamente en guerra.
Felipe evitó con éxito un acuerdo entre el papado en Aviñón y el emperador Luis IV aunque, en julio de 1337, Luis concluyó una alianza con Eduardo III.
La ruptura final con Inglaterra se produjo cuando Eduardo ofreció refugio a Roberto III de Artois, anteriormente uno de los asesores de confianza de Felipe. Sin embargo, después de cometer falsificaciones para tratar de obtener una herencia, apenas escapó de Francia con su vida, y fue perseguido por Felipe en toda Europa. Eduardo lo hizo conde de Richmond y lo honró; en represalia, Felipe declaró el 24 de mayo de 1337 que Eduardo había perdido Aquitania por rebelión y desobediencia. Así comenzó la Guerra de los Cien Años.
Guerra de los Cien Años
Felipe entró en la Guerra de los Cien Años en una posición de fuerza comparativa. Francia era más rica y más poblada que Inglaterra, y estaba entonces en el apogeo de su gloria medieval. Las etapas iniciales de la guerra, en consecuencia, fueron en gran medida exitosas para los franceses.
En el mar, los corsarios franceses asaltaron y quemaron ciudades y barcos a lo largo de las costas sur y sureste de Inglaterra. Los ingleses hicieron algunas incursiones de represalia, incluida la quema de una flota en el puerto de Boulogne-sur-Mer, pero los franceses en gran medida tenían la ventaja. Con su poder marítimo establecido, Felipe dio órdenes en 1339 para preparar una invasión de Inglaterra, y comenzó a reunir una flota frente a la costa de Zelanda en Sluys. Sin embargo, en junio de 1340, en la amargamente librada Batalla de Sluys ("l'Ecluse"), los ingleses atacaron el puerto y capturaron o destruyeron los barcos allí, poniendo fin a la amenaza de una invasión.
En tierra, Eduardo III se concentró en gran medida en Flandes y los Países Bajos, donde había ganado aliados por la diplomacia y el soborno. Una incursión en 1339 (la primera chevauchée) en Picardía terminó ignominiosamente cuando Felipe sabiamente se negó a dar batalla. Las escasas finanzas de Eduardo no le permitirían jugar un juego de espera, y se vio obligado a retirarse a Flandes y regresar a Inglaterra para recaudar más dinero. En julio de 1340, Eduardo regresó y sitió Tournai; una vez más, Felipe sacó a relucir un ejército aliviador que hostigó a los sitiadores pero no ofreció una batalla abierta, y Eduardo se vio obligado de nuevo a regresar a casa, huyendo de los Países Bajos en secreto para escapar de sus acreedores.
Hasta ahora, la guerra había ido bastante bien para Felipe y los franceses. Aunque a menudo se estereotipaba como cabezas de bloque de caballería, Felipe y sus hombres habían llevado a cabo una exitosa estrategia fabiana contra el endeudado Eduardo, y resistieron las tonterías caballerescas de un solo combate o un combate de doscientos caballeros que él ofreció. En 1341, la Guerra de Sucesión Bretona permitió a los ingleses colocar guarniciones permanentes en Bretaña. Sin embargo, Felipe todavía estaba en una posición de mando: durante las negociaciones arbitradas por Papalmente en 1343, rechazó la oferta de Eduardo de poner fin a la guerra a cambio del Ducado de Aquitania en plena soberanía.
El siguiente ataque se produjo en 1345, cuando el conde de Derby invadió el Agenais (perdido veinte años antes en la Guerra de Saint-Sardos) y tomó Angulema, mientras que las fuerzas en Bretaña bajo Sir Thomas Dagworth también obtuvieron ganancias. Los franceses respondieron en la primavera de 1346 con un contraataque masivo contra Aquitania, donde un ejército bajo Juan, duque de Normandía, sitió Derby en Aiguillon. Siguiendo el consejo de Godofredo Harcourt (como Roberto III de Artois, un noble francés desterrado), Eduardo navegó hacia Normandía en lugar de Aquitania. Como Harcourt predijo, los normandos estaban mal preparados para la guerra, y muchos de los combatientes estaban en Aiguillon. Eduardo saqueó y quemó el país a medida que avanzaba, tomando Caen y avanzando hasta Poissy antes de retirarse ante el ejército que Felipe reunió apresuradamente en París. Deslizándose a través del Somme, Eduardo se dispuso a dar batalla en Crécy.
Muy cerca de él, Felipe había planeado detenerse por la noche y reconocer la posición inglesa antes de dar batalla al día siguiente. Sin embargo, sus tropas eran desordenadas y no debían ser manejadas: las carreteras estaban atascadas por la retaguardia del ejército que se acercaba, y por el campesinado local que llamaba furiosamente a la venganza contra los ingleses. Al encontrarlos desesperados para controlar, ordenó un ataque general cuando cayó la noche. Así comenzó la Batalla de Crécy; y cuando se hizo, el ejército francés había sido casi aniquilado, y Felipe apenas escapó de la captura. La fortuna se había vuelto contra los franceses.
Los ingleses aprovecharon y mantuvieron la ventaja. Normandía suspendió el asedio de Aiguillon y se retiró hacia el norte, mientras que Sir Thomas Dagworth capturó a Carlos de Blois en Bretaña. El ejército inglés se retiró de Crécy para sitiar Calais; la ciudad resistió obstinadamente, pero los ingleses estaban decididos y se abastecían fácilmente a través del Canal de la Mancha. Felipe lideró un ejército de relevo en julio de 1347, pero a diferencia del asedio de Tournai, ahora era Eduardo quien tenía la ventaja. Con el saqueo de su expedición normanda y las reformas de su sistema tributario que había ejecutado, pudo aferrarse a sus líneas de asedio y esperar un ataque que Felipe no se atreviera a entregar. Fue Felipe quien marchó en agosto, y la ciudad capituló poco después.
[editar] Últimos años
Después de la derrota en Crécy y la pérdida de Calais, los Estados se negaron a recaudar dinero para Felipe, deteniendo sus planes de contraatacar invadiendo Inglaterra. En 1348, un nuevo problema golpeó a Francia: la Peste Negra, que en los años siguientes mató a un tercio de la población, incluida la reina Juana. La escasez de mano de obra resultante hizo que la inflación se disparara, y el rey intentó fijar los precios, desestabilizando aún más el país. Su último gran logro fue la compra del Dauphiné y el territorio de Montpellier en el Languedoc, en 1349. A su muerte en 1350, Francia todavía era un país muy dividido lleno de disturbios sociales.
[editar] Referencias
↑ Heraldique-Europeenne
↑ Curry, Anne (2003). La Guerra de los Cien Años. Nueva York: Rutledge, 18 años. ISBN 0-415-96863-1.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip_VI_of_France
Felipe VI (en francés: Felipe VI) (1293 - 22 de agosto de 1350), llamado el Afortunado (en francés: le Fortuné) y de Valois, fue el primer rey de Francia de la Casa de Valois. Reinó desde 1328 hasta su muerte.
El reinado de Felipe estuvo dominado por las consecuencias de una disputa sucesoria. Cuando el rey Carlos IV el Hermoso murió sin un heredero varón en 1328, el pariente masculino más cercano fue su sobrino Eduardo III de Inglaterra, quien heredó su reclamo a través de su madre Isabel de Francia, la hermana del rey muerto. Se sostuvo en Francia, sin embargo, que Eduardo no era elegible para heredar el trono francés a través de la línea femenina de acuerdo con la antigua Ley Sálica. Al principio, Eduardo pareció aceptar la ascensión de Felipe como el pariente masculino más cercano de Carlos IV descendiente a través de la línea masculina, sin embargo, presionó su reclamo al trono de Francia después de una serie de desacuerdos con Felipe. El resultado fue el comienzo de la Guerra de los Cien Años en 1337.
Después de los éxitos iniciales en el mar, la armada de Felipe fue aniquilada en la Batalla de Sluys en 1340, asegurando que la guerra ocurriría en el continente. Los ingleses tomaron otra ventaja decisiva en la batalla de Crécy (1346), mientras que la Peste Negra golpeó a Francia, desestabilizando aún más el país.
En 1349, Felipe VI compró el Delfinado a su gobernante en ruinas Humberto II y confió el gobierno de esta provincia a su nieto Carlos. Felipe VI murió en 1350 y fue sucedido por su hijo Juan II el Bueno.
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Aboutedit | history
Philip VI was the 1st French King of the House of Valois.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip_VI_of_France
History of the House of Valois and list of related descendants:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_of_Valois
In 1328, King Charles IV died without a direct male descendant; however, at the time of his death his wife was pregnant. Philip, as Charles' cousin, was one of the two chief claimants to the throne along with the demands of Dowager Queen Isabella of England, the late King Charles' sister, who claimed the French throne for her young son King Edward III of England. Philip rose to the regency with support of French magnates, following the pattern set up by Philip V's succession over his niece Joan II of Navarre, and Charles IV's succession over all his nieces, including daughters of Philip V. A century later this pattern became the Salic law, which forbade females and those descended in the female line from succeeding to the throne. After Charles' queen, Jeanne d'Évreux, gave birth to a girl, Philip was crowned as King on 29 May 1328[2] at the Cathedral in Reims. Philip VI, though a descendant of Garcia VI of Navarre, was not an heir nor a descendant of Joan I of Navarre, whose inheritance (the kingdom of Navarre, as well as the counties of Champagne, Troyes, Meaux and Brie) had been in personal union with the crown of France almost fifty years and had long been administered by the same royal machinery (established by Philip IV, the father of French bureaucracy), which administrative resource was inherited by Philip VI. These counties were closely entrenched in the economic and administrative entity of the Royal Domain of France, being located adjacent to Ile-de-France. Philip, however, was not entitled to that inheritance; the rightful heiress was Louis X's surviving daughter, the future Joan II of Navarre, the genealogically senior granddaughter of Joan I of Navarre. Philip ceded Navarre to Joan II, but regarding the counties in Champagne, they struck a deal: Joan II received vast lands in Normandy (adjacent to her husband's fief in Evreux) in compensation, and Philip got to keep Champagne as part of the Royal Domain
Philip's reign was punctuated with crises. It began with military success in Flanders at the Battle of Cassel (August 1328), where Philip's forces reseated Louis I of Flanders, who had been unseated by a popular revolution. The able Jeanne gave the first of many demonstrations of her competence as regent in his absence.
Philip initially enjoyed relatively amicable relations with Edward III, and they planned a crusade together in 1332, which was never executed. However, the status of the Duchy of Aquitaine remained a sore point, and tension increased. Philip provided refuge for David II of Scotland in 1334 and declared himself champion of his interests, which enraged Edward. By 1336, they were enemies, although not yet openly at war.
Philip successfully prevented an arrangement between the papacy in Avignon and Emperor Louis IV although, in July 1337, Louis concluded an alliance with Edward III.
The final breach with England came when Edward offered refuge to Robert III of Artois, formerly one of Philip's trusted advisers. However, after he committed forgery to try to obtain an inheritance, he barely escaped France with his life, and was hounded by Philip throughout Europe. Edward made him Earl of Richmond and honored him; in retaliation, Philip declared on 24 May 1337 that Edward had forfeited Aquitaine for rebellion and disobedience. Thus began the Hundred Years' War.
Philip entered the Hundred Years' War in a position of comparative strength. France was richer and more populous than England, and was then in the height of her medieval glory. The opening stages of the war, accordingly, were largely successful for the French.
At sea, French privateers raided and burned towns and shipping all along the southern and southeastern coasts of England. The English made some retaliatory raids, including the burning of a fleet in the harbor of Boulogne-sur-Mer, but the French largely had the upper hand. With his sea power established, Philip gave orders in 1339 to prepare an invasion of England, and began assembling a fleet off the Zeeland coast at Sluys. However, in June 1340, in the bitterly-fought Battle of Sluys ("l'Ecluse"), the English attacked the port and captured or destroyed the ships there, ending the threat of an invasion.
On land, Edward III largely concentrated upon Flanders and the Low Countries, where he had gained allies by diplomacy and bribery. A raid in 1339 (the first chevauchée) into Picardy ended ignominiously when Philip wisely refused to give battle. Edward's slender finances would not permit him to play a waiting game, and he was forced to withdraw into Flanders and return to England to raise more money. In July 1340, Edward returned and besieged Tournai; again, Philip brought up a relieving army which harassed the besiegers but did not offer open battle, and Edward was again forced to return home, fleeing the Low Countries secretly to escape his creditors.
So far, the war had gone quite well for Philip and the French. While often stereotyped as chivalry-besotten blockheads, Philip and his men had in fact carried out a successful Fabian strategy against the debt-plagued Edward, and resisted the chivalric blandishments of single combat or a combat of two hundred knights that he offered. In 1341, the War of the Breton Succession allowed the English to place permanent garrisons in Brittany. However, Philip was still in a commanding position: during Papally-arbitrated negotiations in 1343, he refused Edward's offer to end the war in exchange for the Duchy of Aquitaine in full sovereignty.
The next attack came in 1345, when the Earl of Derby overran the Agenais (lost twenty years before in the War of Saint-Sardos) and took Angoulême, while the forces in Brittany under Sir Thomas Dagworth also made gains. The French responded in the spring of 1346 with a massive counter-attack against Aquitaine, where an army under John, Duke of Normandy besieged Derby at Aiguillon. On the advice of Godfrey Harcourt (like Robert III of Artois, a banished French nobleman), Edward sailed for Normandy instead of Aquitaine. As Harcourt predicted, the Normans were ill-prepared for war, and many of the fighting men were at Aiguillon. Edward sacked and burned the country as he went, taking Caen and advancing as far as Poissy before retreating before the army Philip hastily assembled at Paris. Slipping across the Somme, Edward drew up to give battle at Crécy.
Close behind him, Philip had planned to halt for the night and reconnoiter the English position before giving battle the next day. However, his troops were disorderly and not to be handled: the roads were jammed by the rear of the army coming up, and by the local peasantry furiously calling for vengeance on the English. Finding them hopeless to control, he ordered a general attack as evening fell. Thus began the Battle of Crécy; and when it was done, the French army had been well-nigh annihilated, and Philip barely escaped capture. Fortune had turned against the French.
The English seized and held the advantage. Normandy called off the siege of Aiguillon and retreated northward, while Sir Thomas Dagworth captured Charles of Blois in Brittany. The English army pulled back from Crécy to besiege Calais; the town held out stubbornly, but the English were determined, and easily supplied across the English Channel. Philip led out a relieving army in July 1347, but unlike the siege of Tournai, it was now Edward who had the upper hand. With the plunder of his Norman expedition and the reforms of his tax system he had executed, he could hold to his siege lines and await an attack Philip dare not deliver. It was Philip who marched away in August, and the city capitulated shortly thereafter.
After the defeat at Crécy and loss of Calais, the Estates refused to raise money for Philip, halting his plans to counter-attack by invading England. In 1348, a new woe struck France: the Black Death, which in the next few years killed one-third of the population, including Queen Joan. The resulting labor shortage caused inflation to soar, and the king attempted to fix prices, further de-stabilizing the country. His last major achievement was the purchase of the Dauphiné and the territory of Montpellier in the Languedoc, in 1349. At his death in 1350, France was still very much a divided country filled with social unrest.
Philip VI (1293 – 22 August 1350), known as the Fortunate (French: le Fortuné[1]) and of Valois, was the King of France from 1328 to his death. He was also Count of Anjou, Maine, and Valois from 1325 to 1328. A member of the Capetian dynasty, he was the son of Charles of Valois (who was the brother of King Charles IV's father Philip IV) and the first King of France from the House of Valois.
In 1328, King Charles IV died without a direct male descendant; however, at the time of his death his wife was pregnant. Philip, as Charles' cousin, was one of the two chief claimants to the throne along with the demands of Dowager Queen Isabella of England, the late King Charles' sister, who claimed the French throne for her young son King Edward III of England. Philip rose to the regency with support of French magnates, following the pattern set up by Philip V's succession over his niece Joan II of Navarre, and Charles IV's succession over all his nieces, including daughters of Philip V. A century later this pattern became the Salic law, which forbade females and those descended in the female line from succeeding to the throne. After Charles' queen, Jeanne d'Évreux, gave birth to a girl, Philip was crowned as King on 29 May 1328[2] at the Cathedral in Reims. Philip VI, though a descendant of Garcia VI of Navarre, was not an heir nor a descendant of Joan I of Navarre, whose inheritance (the kingdom of Navarre, as well as the counties of Champagne, Troyes, Meaux and Brie) had been in personal union with the crown of France almost fifty years and had long been administered by the same royal machinery (established by Philip IV, the father of French bureaucracy), which administrative resource was inherited by Philip VI. These counties were closely entrenched in the economic and administrative entity of the Royal Domain of France, being located adjacent to Ile-de-France. Philip, however, was not entitled to that inheritance; the rightful heiress was Louis X's surviving daughter, the future Joan II of Navarre, the genealogically senior granddaughter of Joan I of Navarre. Philip ceded Navarre to Joan II, but regarding the counties in Champagne, they struck a deal: Joan II received vast lands in Normandy (adjacent to her husband's fief in Evreux) in compensation, and Philip got to keep Champagne as part of the Royal Domain.
In 1328, King Charles IV died without a direct male descendant; however, at the time of his death his wife was pregnant. Philip, as Charles' cousin, was one of the two chief claimants to the throne along with the demands of Dowager Queen Isabella of England, the late King Charles' sister, who claimed the French throne for her young son King Edward III of England. Philip rose to the regency with support of French magnates, following the pattern set up by Philip V's succession over his niece Joan II of Navarre, and Charles IV's succession over all his nieces, including daughters of Philip V. A century later this pattern became the Salic law, which forbade females and those descended in the female line from succeeding to the throne. After Charles' queen, Jeanne d'Évreux, gave birth to a girl, Philip was crowned as King on 29 May 1328[2] at the Cathedral in Reims. Philip VI, though a descendant of Garcia VI of Navarre, was not an heir nor a descendant of Joan I of Navarre, whose inheritance (the kingdom of Navarre, as well as the counties of Champagne, Troyes, Meaux and Brie) had been in personal union with the crown of France almost fifty years and had long been administered by the same royal machinery (established by Philip IV, the father of French bureaucracy), which administrative resource was inherited by Philip VI. These counties were closely entrenched in the economic and administrative entity of the Royal Domain of France, being located adjacent to Ile-de-France. Philip, however, was not entitled to that inheritance; the rightful heiress was Louis X's surviving daughter, the future Joan II of Navarre, the genealogically senior granddaughter of Joan I of Navarre. Philip ceded Navarre to Joan II, but regarding the counties in Champagne, they struck a deal: Joan II received vast lands in Normandy (adjacent to her husband's fief in Evreux) in compensation, and Philip got to keep Champagne as part of the Royal Domain.
In 1328, King Charles IV died without a direct male descendant; however, at the time of his death his wife was pregnant. Philip, as Charles' cousin, was one of the two chief claimants to the throne along with the demands of Dowager Queen Isabella of England, the late King Charles' sister, who claimed the French throne for her young son King Edward III of England. Philip rose to the regency with support of French magnates, following the pattern set up by Philip V's succession over his niece Joan II of Navarre, and Charles IV's succession over all his nieces, including daughters of Philip V. A century later this pattern became the Salic law, which forbade females and those descended in the female line from succeeding to the throne. After Charles' queen, Jeanne d'Évreux, gave birth to a girl, Philip was crowned as King on 29 May 1328[2] at the Cathedral in Reims. Philip VI, though a descendant of Garcia VI of Navarre, was not an heir nor a descendant of Joan I of Navarre, whose inheritance (the kingdom of Navarre, as well as the counties of Champagne, Troyes, Meaux and Brie) had been in personal union with the crown of France almost fifty years and had long been administered by the same royal machinery (established by Philip IV, the father of French bureaucracy), which administrative resource was inherited by Philip VI. These counties were closely entrenched in the economic and administrative entity of the Royal Domain of France, being located adjacent to Ile-de-France. Philip, however, was not entitled to that inheritance; the rightful heiress was Louis X's surviving daughter, the future Joan II of Navarre, the genealogically senior granddaughter of Joan I of Navarre. Philip ceded Navarre to Joan II, but regarding the counties in Champagne, they struck a deal: Joan II received vast lands in Normandy (adjacent to her husband's fief in Evreux) in compensation, and Philip got to keep Champagne as part of the Royal Domain.
Philip's reign was punctuated with crises. It began with military success in Flanders at the Battle of Cassel (August 1328), where Philip's forces reseated Louis I of Flanders, who had been unseated by a popular revolution. The able Jeanne gave the first of many demonstrations of her competence as regent in his absence.
Philip initially enjoyed relatively amicable relations with Edward III, and they planned a crusade together in 1332, which was never executed. However, the status of the Duchy of Aquitaine remained a sore point, and tension increased. Philip provided refuge for David II of Scotland in 1334 and declared himself champion of his interests, which enraged Edward. By 1336, they were enemies, although not yet openly at war.
Philip successfully prevented an arrangement between the papacy in Avignon and Emperor Louis IV although, in July 1337, Louis concluded an alliance with Edward III.
The final breach with England came when Edward offered refuge to Robert III of Artois, formerly one of Philip's trusted advisers. However, after he committed forgery to try to obtain an inheritance, he barely escaped France with his life, and was hounded by Philip throughout Europe. Edward made him Earl of Richmond and honored him; in retaliation, Philip declared on 24 May 1337 that Edward had forfeited Aquitaine for rebellion and disobedience. Thus began the Hundred Years' War.
Philip entered the Hundred Years' War in a position of comparative strength. France was richer and more populous than England, and was then in the height of her medieval glory. The opening stages of the war, accordingly, were largely successful for the French.
At sea, French privateers raided and burned towns and shipping all along the southern and southeastern coasts of England. The English made some retaliatory raids, including the burning of a fleet in the harbor of Boulogne-sur-Mer, but the French largely had the upper hand. With his sea power established, Philip gave orders in 1339 to prepare an invasion of England, and began assembling a fleet off the Zeeland coast at Sluys. However, in June 1340, in the bitterly-fought Battle of Sluys ("l'Ecluse"), the English attacked the port and captured or destroyed the ships there, ending the threat of an invasion.
On land, Edward III largely concentrated upon Flanders and the Low Countries, where he had gained allies by diplomacy and bribery. A raid in 1339 (the first chevauchée) into Picardy ended ignominiously when Philip wisely refused to give battle. Edward's slender finances would not permit him to play a waiting game, and he was forced to withdraw into Flanders and return to England to raise more money. In July 1340, Edward returned and besieged Tournai; again, Philip brought up a relieving army which harassed the besiegers but did not offer open battle, and Edward was again forced to return home, fleeing the Low Countries secretly to escape his creditors.
So far, the war had gone quite well for Philip and the French. While often stereotyped as chivalry-besotten blockheads, Philip and his men had in fact carried out a successful Fabian strategy against the debt-plagued Edward, and resisted the chivalric blandishments of single combat or a combat of two hundred knights that he offered. In 1341, the War of the Breton Succession allowed the English to place permanent garrisons in Brittany. However, Philip was still in a commanding position: during Papally-arbitrated negotiations in 1343, he refused Edward's offer to end the war in exchange for the Duchy of Aquitaine in full sovereignty.
The next attack came in 1345, when the Earl of Derby overran the Agenais (lost twenty years before in the War of Saint-Sardos) and took Angoulême, while the forces in Brittany under Sir Thomas Dagworth also made gains. The French responded in the spring of 1346 with a massive counter-attack against Aquitaine, where an army under John, Duke of Normandy besieged Derby at Aiguillon. On the advice of Godfrey Harcourt (like Robert III of Artois, a banished French nobleman), Edward sailed for Normandy instead of Aquitaine. As Harcourt predicted, the Normans were ill-prepared for war, and many of the fighting men were at Aiguillon. Edward sacked and burned the country as he went, taking Caen and advancing as far as Poissy before retreating before the army Philip hastily assembled at Paris. Slipping across the Somme, Edward drew up to give battle at Crécy.
Close behind him, Philip had planned to halt for the night and reconnoiter the English position before giving battle the next day. However, his troops were disorderly and not to be handled: the roads were jammed by the rear of the army coming up, and by the local peasantry furiously calling for vengeance on the English. Finding them hopeless to control, he ordered a general attack as evening fell. Thus began the Battle of Crécy; and when it was done, the French army had been well-nigh annihilated, and Philip barely escaped capture. Fortune had turned against the French.
The English seized and held the advantage. Normandy called off the siege of Aiguillon and retreated northward, while Sir Thomas Dagworth captured Charles of Blois in Brittany. The English army pulled back from Crécy to besiege Calais; the town held out stubbornly, but the English were determined, and easily supplied across the English Channel. Philip led out a relieving army in July 1347, but unlike the siege of Tournai, it was now Edward who had the upper hand. With the plunder of his Norman expedition and the reforms of his tax system he had executed, he could hold to his siege lines and await an attack Philip dare not deliver. It was Philip who marched away in August, and the city capitulated shortly thereafter.
After the defeat at Crécy and loss of Calais, the Estates refused to raise money for Philip, halting his plans to counter-attack by invading England. In 1348, a new woe struck France: the Black Death, which in the next few years killed one-third of the population, including Queen Joan. The resulting labor shortage caused inflation to soar, and the king attempted to fix prices, further de-stabilizing the country. His last major achievement was the purchase of the Dauphiné and the territory of Montpellier in the Languedoc, in 1349. At his death in 1350, France was still very much a divided country filled with social unrest.
Philip VI (1293 – 22 August 1350), known as the Fortunate (French: le Fortuné[1]) and of Valois, was the King of France from 1328 to his death. He was also Count of Anjou, Maine, and Valois from 1325 to 1328. A member of the Capetian dynasty, he was the son of Charles of Valois (who was the brother of King Charles IV's father Philip IV) and the first King of France from the House of Valois.
Contents [hide]
1 Ascension to the throne
2 Reign
2.1 Hundred Years' War
2.2 Final years
3 Marriages and Children
4 Ancestry
5 References
6 Sources
[edit] Ascension to the throne
Philip's father, the younger brother of King Philip IV of France, had striven throughout his life to gain a throne for himself, but was never successful. He died in 1325, leaving his eldest son Philip as heir to the counties of Anjou, Maine, and Valois.
In 1328, Philip's first cousin, King Charles IV, died without a direct male descendant; however, at the time of his death his wife was pregnant. Philip was one of the two chief claimants to the throne along with the demands of Dowager Queen Isabella of England, the late King Charles' sister, who claimed the French throne for her young son King Edward III of England. Philip rose to the regency with support of the French magnates, following the pattern set up by Philip V's succession over his niece Joan II of Navarre, and Charles IV's succession over all his nieces, including daughters of Philip V. A century later this pattern became the Salic law, which forbade females and those descended in the female line from succeeding to the throne. After Charles' queen, Jeanne d'Évreux, gave birth to a girl, Philip was crowned as King on 29 May 1328[2] at the Cathedral in Reims. Philip VI was neither the heir nor a descendant of Joan I of Navarre, whose inheritance (the kingdom of Navarre, as well as the counties of Champagne, Troyes, Meaux and Brie) had been in personal union with the crown of France almost 50 years and had long been administered by the same royal machinery (established by Philip IV, the father of French bureaucracy), which administrative resource was inherited by Philip VI. These counties were closely entrenched in the economic and administrative entity of the Royal Domain of France, being located adjacent to Ile-de-France. Philip, however, was not entitled to that inheritance; the rightful heiress was Louis X's surviving daughter, the future Joan II of Navarre, the heir general of Joan I of Navarre. Philip ceded Navarre to Joan II, but regarding the counties in Champagne, they struck a deal: Joan II received vast lands in Normandy (adjacent to her husband's fief in Evreux) in compensation, and Philip got to keep Champagne as part of the Royal Domain.
[edit] Reign
Philip VI and his first wife, Joan of BurgundyPhilip's reign was punctuated with crises. It began with military success in Flanders at the Battle of Cassel (August 1328), where Philip's forces reseated Louis I of Flanders, who had been unseated by a popular revolution. The able Joan gave the first of many demonstrations of her competence as regent in his absence.
Philip initially enjoyed relatively amicable relations with Edward III, and they planned a crusade together in 1332, which was never executed. However, the status of the Duchy of Aquitaine remained a sore point, and tension increased. Philip provided refuge for David II of Scotland in 1334 and declared himself champion of his interests, which enraged Edward. By 1336, they were enemies, although not yet openly at war.
Philip successfully prevented an arrangement between the papacy in Avignon and Holy Roman Emperor Louis IV although, in July 1337, Louis concluded an alliance with Edward III.
The final breach with England came when Edward offered refuge to Robert III of Artois, formerly one of Philip's trusted advisers. However, after he committed forgery to try to obtain an inheritance, he barely escaped France with his life, and was hounded by Philip throughout Europe. Edward made him Earl of Richmond and honored him; in retaliation, Philip declared on 24 May 1337 that Edward had forfeited Aquitaine for rebellion and disobedience. Thus began the Hundred Years' War.
[edit] Hundred Years' War
French Monarchy
Capetian Dynasty
(House of Valois)
Philip VI
Children
John II
John II
Children
Charles V
Louis I of Anjou
John, Duke of Berry
Philip the Bold
Charles V
Children
Charles VI
Louis, Duke of Orléans
Charles VI
Children
Isabella of Valois
Michelle of Valois
Catherine of Valois
Charles VII
Charles VII
Children
Louis XI
Charles, Duke of Berry
Louis XI
Children
Charles VIII
Charles VIII
Philip entered the Hundred Years' War in a position of comparative strength. France was richer and more populous than England, and was then in the height of her medieval glory. The opening stages of the war, accordingly, were largely successful for the French.
At sea, French privateers raided and burned towns and shipping all along the southern and southeastern coasts of England. The English made some retaliatory raids, including the burning of a fleet in the harbor of Boulogne-sur-Mer, but the French largely had the upper hand. With his sea power established, Philip gave orders in 1339 to prepare an invasion of England, and began assembling a fleet off the Zeeland coast at Sluys. However, in June 1340, in the bitterly-fought Battle of Sluys ("l'Ecluse"), the English attacked the port and captured or destroyed the ships there, ending the threat of an invasion.
On land, Edward III largely concentrated upon Flanders and the Low Countries, where he had gained allies by diplomacy and bribery. A raid in 1339 (the first chevauchée) into Picardy ended ignominiously when Philip wisely refused to give battle. Edward's slender finances would not permit him to play a waiting game, and he was forced to withdraw into Flanders and return to England to raise more money. In July 1340, Edward returned and besieged Tournai; again, Philip brought up a relieving army which harassed the besiegers but did not offer open battle, and Edward was again forced to return home, fleeing the Low Countries secretly to escape his creditors.
So far, the war had gone quite well for Philip and the French. While often stereotyped as chivalry-besotten blockheads, Philip and his men had in fact carried out a successful Fabian strategy against the debt-plagued Edward, and resisted the chivalric blandishments of single combat or a combat of two hundred knights that he offered. In 1341, the War of the Breton Succession allowed the English to place permanent garrisons in Brittany. However, Philip was still in a commanding position: during Papally-arbitrated negotiations in 1343, he refused Edward's offer to end the war in exchange for the Duchy of Aquitaine in full sovereignty.
The next attack came in 1345, when the Earl of Derby overran the Agenais (lost twenty years before in the War of Saint-Sardos) and took Angoulême, while the forces in Brittany under Sir Thomas Dagworth also made gains. The French responded in the spring of 1346 with a massive counter-attack against Aquitaine, where an army under John, Duke of Normandy, besieged Derby at Aiguillon. On the advice of Godfrey Harcourt (like Robert III of Artois, a banished French nobleman), Edward sailed for Normandy instead of Aquitaine. As Harcourt predicted, the Normans were ill-prepared for war, and many of the fighting men were at Aiguillon. Edward sacked and burned the country as he went, taking Caen and advancing as far as Poissy before retreating before the army Philip hastily assembled at Paris. Slipping across the Somme, Edward drew up to give battle at Crécy.
Close behind him, Philip had planned to halt for the night and reconnoiter the English position before giving battle the next day. However, his troops were disorderly and not to be handled: the roads were jammed by the rear of the army coming up, and by the local peasantry furiously calling for vengeance on the English. Finding them hopeless to control, he ordered a general attack as evening fell. Thus began the Battle of Crécy; and when it was done, the French army had been well-nigh annihilated, and Philip barely escaped capture. Fortune had turned against the French.
The English seized and held the advantage. Normandy called off the siege of Aiguillon and retreated northward, while Sir Thomas Dagworth captured Charles of Blois in Brittany. The English army pulled back from Crécy to besiege Calais; the town held out stubbornly, but the English were determined, and easily supplied across the English Channel. Philip led out a relieving army in July 1347, but unlike the siege of Tournai, it was now Edward who had the upper hand. With the plunder of his Norman expedition and the reforms of his tax system he had executed, he could hold to his siege lines and await an attack Philip dare not deliver. It was Philip who marched away in August, and the city capitulated shortly thereafter.
[edit] Final years
After the defeat at Crécy and loss of Calais, the Estates refused to raise money for Philip, halting his plans to counter-attack by invading England. In 1348, a new woe struck France: the Black Death, which in the next few years killed one-third of the population, including Queen Joan. The resulting labor shortage caused inflation to soar, and the king attempted to fix prices, further de-stabilizing the country. His last major achievement was the purchase of the Dauphiné and the territory of Montpellier in the Languedoc, in 1349. At his death in 1350, France was still very much a divided country filled with social unrest.
[edit] Marriages and Children
Philip VI of FranceIn July, 1313, Philip married Joan the Lame (French: Jeanne), daughter of Robert II, Duke of Burgundy, and of Agnes of France, the youngest daughter of Louis IX. In an ironic twist to his "male" ascendancy to the throne, the intelligent, strong-willed Joan, an able regent of France during the King's long military campaigns, was said to be the brains behind the throne and the real ruler of France.
Their children were:
John II (26 April 1319 – 8 April 1364)
Marie (1326–1333), who married John of Brabant, the son and heir of John III, Duke of Brabant, but died shortly afterwards.
Louis (17 January 1328 – 17 January 1328)
Louis (8 June 1330 – 23 June 1330)
Jean (1333–1333)
Philip of Valois (1336–1375), Duke of Orleans
Joan (1337–1337)
After Joan died in 1348, Philip married Blanche of Navarre, daughter of Joan II and Philip III of Navarre, on 11 January 1350. They had one daughter: Joan (1351–1371), who was intended to marry John I of Aragon, but who died upon the journey.
Philip VI died at Nogent-le-Roi, Eure-et-Loir on 22 August 1350 and is interred with his second wife, Blanche of Navarre in Saint Denis Basilica. He was succeeded by his first son by Joan of Burgundy, who became John II.
In 1328, King Charles IV died without a direct male descendant; however, at the time of his death his wife was pregnant. Philip, as Charles' cousin, was one of the two chief claimants to the throne along with the demands of Dowager Queen Isabella of England, the late King Charles' sister, who claimed the French throne for her young son King Edward III of England. Philip rose to the regency with support of French magnates, following the pattern set up by Philip V's succession over his niece Joan II of Navarre, and Charles IV's succession over all his nieces, including daughters of Philip V. A century later this pattern became the Salic law, which forbade females and those descended in the female line from succeeding to the throne. After Charles' queen, Jeanne d'Évreux, gave birth to a girl, Philip was crowned as King on 29 May 1328[2] at the Cathedral in Reims. Philip VI, though a descendant of Garcia VI of Navarre, was not an heir nor a descendant of Joan I of Navarre, whose inheritance (the kingdom of Navarre, as well as the counties of Champagne, Troyes, Meaux and Brie) had been in personal union with the crown of France almost fifty years and had long been administered by the same royal machinery (established by Philip IV, the father of French bureaucracy), which administrative resource was inherited by Philip VI. These counties were closely entrenched in the economic and administrative entity of the Royal Domain of France, being located adjacent to Ile-de-France. Philip, however, was not entitled to that inheritance; the rightful heiress was Louis X's surviving daughter, the future Joan II of Navarre, the genealogically senior granddaughter of Joan I of Navarre. Philip ceded Navarre to Joan II, but regarding the counties in Champagne, they struck a deal: Joan II received vast lands in Normandy (adjacent to her husband's fief in Evreux) in compensation, and Philip got to keep Champagne as part of the Royal Domain.
Philip VI of France
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Philip VI (1293 – 22 August 1350), known as the Fortunate (French: le Fortuné[1]) and of Valois, was the King of France from 1328 to his death. He was also Count of Anjou, Maine, and Valois from 1325 to 1328. A member of the Capetian dynasty, he was the son of Charles of Valois and first King of France from the House of Valois.
Ascension to the throne
In 1328, King Charles IV died without a direct male descendant; however, at the time of his death his wife was pregnant. Philip was one of the two chief claimants to the throne along with the demands of Dowager Queen Isabella of England, the late King Charles' sister, who claimed the French throne for her young son King Edward III of England. Philip rose to the regency with support of French magnates, following the pattern set up by Philip V's succession over his niece Joan II of Navarre, and Charles IV's succession over all his nieces, including daughters of Philip V. A century later this pattern became the Salic law, which forbade females and those descended in the female line from succeeding to the throne. After Charles' queen, Jeanne d'Évreux, gave birth to a girl, Philip was crowned as King on May 29, 1328[2] at the Cathedral in Reims. Philip VI, though a descendant of Garcia VI of Navarre, was not an heir nor a descendant of Joan I of Navarre, whose inheritance (the kingdom of Navarre, as well as the counties of Champagne, Troyes, Meaux and Brie) had been in personal union with the crown of France almost fifty years and had long been administered by the same royal machinery (established by Philip IV, the father of French bureaucracy), which administrative resource was inherited by Philip VI. These counties were closely entrenched in the economic and administrative entity of the Royal Domain of France, being located adjacent to Ile-de-France. Philip, however, was not entitled to that inheritance; the rightful heiress was Louis X's surviving daughter, the future Joan II of Navarre, the genealogically senior granddaughter of Joan I of Navarre. Philip ceded Navarre to Joan II, but regarding the counties in Champagne, they struck a deal: Joan II received vast lands in Normandy (adjacent to her husband's fief in Evreux) in compensation, and Philip got to keep Champagne as part of the Royal Domain.
Life
In July, 1313, Philip married Joan the Lame (French: Jeanne), daughter of Robert II, Duke of Burgundy, and princess Agnes of France, the youngest daughter of Louis IX. In an ironic twist to his "male" ascendancy to the throne, the intelligent, strong-willed Joan, an able regent of France during the King's long military campaigns, was said to be the brains behind the throne and the real ruler of France.
Their children were:
John II (April 26, 1319 – April 8, 1364)
Marie (1326–1333), who married John of Brabant, the son and heir of John III, Duke of Brabant, but died shortly afterwards.
Louis (January 17, 1328 – January 17, 1328)
Louis (June 8, 1330 – June 23, 1330)
Jean (1333–1333)
Philip of Valois (1336–1375), Duke of Orleans
Jeanne (1337–1337)
After Joan died in 1348, Philip married Blanche d'Évreux, princess of Navarre, daughter of the queen regnant Joan II of Navarre, on January 11, 1350. They had one daughter: Jeanne (1351–1371), who was intended to marry John I of Aragon, but who died upon the journey.
Philip VI died at Nogent-le-Roi, Eure-et-Loir on August 22, 1350 and is interred with his second wife, Blanche de Navarre (1330–1398) in Saint Denis Basilica. He was succeeded by his first son by Jeanne of Burgundy, who became John II.
Reign
Philip's reign was punctuated with crises. It began with military success in Flanders at the Battle of Cassel (August 1328), where Philip's forces reseated Louis I of Flanders, who had been unseated by a popular revolution. The able Jeanne gave the first of many demonstrations of her competence as regent in his absence.
Philip initially enjoyed relatively amicable relations with Edward III, and they planned a crusade together in 1332, which was never executed. However, the status of the Duchy of Aquitaine remained a sore point, and tension increased. Philip provided refuge for David II of Scotland in 1334 and declared himself champion of his interests, which enraged Edward. By 1336, they were enemies, although not yet openly at war.
Philip successfully prevented an arrangement between the papacy in Avignon and Emperor Louis IV although, in July 1337, Louis concluded an alliance with Edward III.
The final breach with England came when Edward offered refuge to Robert III of Artois, formerly one of Philip's trusted advisers. However, after he committed forgery to try to obtain an inheritance, he barely escaped France with his life, and was hounded by Philip throughout Europe. Edward made him Earl of Richmond and honored him; in retaliation, Philip declared on May 24, 1337 that Edward had forfeited Aquitaine for rebellion and disobedience. Thus began the Hundred Years' War.
Hundred Years' War
Philip entered the Hundred Years' War in a position of comparative strength. France was richer and more populous than England, and was then in the height of her medieval glory. The opening stages of the war, accordingly, were largely successful for the French.
At sea, French privateers raided and burned towns and shipping all along the southern and southeastern coasts of England. The English made some retaliatory raids, including the burning of a fleet in the harbor of Boulogne-sur-Mer, but the French largely had the upper hand. With his sea power established, Philip gave orders in 1339 to prepare an invasion of England, and began assembling a fleet off the Zeeland coast at Sluys. However, in June 1340, in the bitterly-fought Battle of Sluys ("l'Ecluse"), the English attacked the port and captured or destroyed the ships there, ending the threat of an invasion.
On land, Edward III largely concentrated upon Flanders and the Low Countries, where he had gained allies by diplomacy and bribery. A raid in 1339 (the first chevauchée) into Picardy ended ignominiously when Philip wisely refused to give battle. Edward's slender finances would not permit him to play a waiting game, and he was forced to withdraw into Flanders and return to England to raise more money. In July 1340, Edward returned and besieged Tournai; again, Philip brought up a relieving army which harassed the besiegers but did not offer open battle, and Edward was again forced to return home, fleeing the Low Countries secretly to escape his creditors.
So far, the war had gone quite well for Philip and the French. While often stereotyped as chivalry-besotten blockheads, Philip and his men had in fact carried out a successful Fabian strategy against the debt-plagued Edward, and resisted the chivalric blandishments of single combat or a combat of two hundred knights that he offered. In 1341, the War of the Breton Succession allowed the English to place permanent garrisons in Brittany. However, Philip was still in a commanding position: during Papally-arbitrated negotiations in 1343, he refused Edward's offer to end the war in exchange for the Duchy of Aquitaine in full sovereignty.
The next attack came in 1345, when the Earl of Derby overran the Agenais (lost twenty years before in the War of Saint-Sardos) and took Angoulême, while the forces in Brittany under Sir Thomas Dagworth also made gains. The French responded in the spring of 1346 with a massive counter-attack against Aquitaine, where an army under John, Duke of Normandy besieged Derby at Aiguillon. On the advice of Godfrey Harcourt (like Robert III of Artois, a banished French nobleman), Edward sailed for Normandy instead of Aquitaine. As Harcourt predicted, the Normans were ill-prepared for war, and many of the fighting men were at Aiguillon. Edward sacked and burned the country as he went, taking Caen and advancing as far as Poissy before retreating before the army Philip hastily assembled at Paris. Slipping across the Somme, Edward drew up to give battle at Crécy.
Close behind him, Philip had planned to halt for the night and reconnoiter the English position before giving battle the next day. However, his troops were disorderly and not to be handled: the roads were jammed by the rear of the army coming up, and by the local peasantry furiously calling for vengeance on the English. Finding them hopeless to control, he ordered a general attack as evening fell. Thus began the Battle of Crécy; and when it was done, the French army had been well-nigh annihilated, and Philip barely escaped capture. Fortune had turned against the French.
The English seized and held the advantage. Normandy called off the siege of Aiguillon and retreated northward, while Sir Thomas Dagworth captured Charles of Blois in Brittany. The English army pulled back from Crécy to besiege Calais; the town held out stubbornly, but the English were determined, and easily supplied across the English Channel. Philip led out a relieving army in July 1347, but unlike the siege of Tournai, it was now Edward who had the upper hand. With the plunder of his Norman expedition and the reforms of his tax system he had executed, he could hold to his siege lines and await an attack Philip dare not deliver. It was Philip who marched away in August, and the city capitulated shortly thereafter.
[edit]Final years
After the defeat at Crécy and loss of Calais, the Estates refused to raise money for Philip, halting his plans to counter-attack by invading England. In 1348, a new woe struck France: the Black Death, which in the next few years killed one-third of the population, including Queen Joan. The resulting labor shortage caused inflation to soar, and the king attempted to fix prices, further de-stabilizing the country. His last major achievement was the purchase of the Dauphiné and the territory of Montpellier in the Languedoc, in 1349. At his death in 1350, France was still very much a divided country filled with social unrest.
[edit]References
^ Heraldique-Europeenne
^ Curry, Anne (2003). The Hundred Years' War. New York: Rutledge, 18. ISBN 0-415-96863-1.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip_VI_of_France
Philip VI (French: Philippe VI) (1293 – 22 August 1350), called the Fortunate (French: le Fortuné) and of Valois, was the first King of France from the House of Valois. He reigned from 1328 until his death.
Philip's reign was dominated by the consequences of a succession dispute. When King Charles IV the Fair died without a male heir in 1328, the nearest male relative was his nephew Edward III of England, who inherited his claim through his mother Isabella of France, the sister of the dead king. It was held in France, however, that Edward was ineligible to inherit the French throne through the female line according to the ancient Salic Law. At first, Edward seemed to accept Philip's accession as the nearest male relative of Charles IV descended through the male line, however he pressed his claim to the throne of France after a series of disagreements with Philip. The result was the beginning of the Hundred Years' War in 1337.
After initial successes at sea, Philip's navy was annihilated at the Battle of Sluys in 1340, ensuring that the war would occur on the continent. The English took another decisive advantage at the Battle of Crécy (1346), while the Black Death struck France, further destabilizing the country.
In 1349, Philip VI bought the Dauphiné from its ruined ruler Humbert II and entrusted the government of this province to his grandson Charles. Philip VI died in 1350 and was succeeded by his son John II the Good.
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Agregado por: Ing. Carlos Juan Felipe Urdaneta Alamo, MD.IG.
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