Ⓟ
48 ° Bisabuelo/ Great Grandfather de: Carlos Juan Felipe Antonio Vicente De La Cruz Urdaneta Alamo →Aircol Lawhir ap Triffyn, King Of Demetia is your 48th great grandfather.
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(Linea Paterna)
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Aircol Lawhir ap Triffyn, King Of Demetia is your 48th great grandfather.of→ Carlos Juan Felipe Antonio Vicente De La Cruz Urdaneta Alamo→ Dr. Enrique Jorge Urdaneta Lecuna
your father → Elena Cecilia Lecuna Escobar
his mother → Vicente de Jesus Lecuna Salboch, Dr.
her father → Ramón Lecuna Sucre
his father → Josefa Margarita Sucre y Márquez de Valenzuela
his mother → Coronel Vicente Vitto Luis Ramón de Sucre y García de Urbaneja
her father → Coronel Antonio Mauricio Jacinto Tadeo Rosalio Sucre Pardo y Trelles
his father → Carlos Francisco Francois Sucre y Pardo, Sargento Mayor
his father → Charles Adrien de Sucre y D´Ives
his father → Charles Antoine de Sucre y Martigny
his father → Antonio de Succre y Hontoy
his father → Francois dit Godefroy de Succre
his father → Antonio de Succre
his father → Jeanne de Thurut
his mother → Jeanne Grebert y Vredeau
her mother → Jacqueline Vredeau
her mother → Jean Vredeau, prévôt de Valenciennes
her father → Marie du Gardin
his mother → Marie de Saint Amand
her mother → Joan de Haudlo
her mother → Maud Haudlo
her mother → Maud FitzAlan
her mother → Isabella de Mortimer, Countess of Arundel
her mother → Roger Mortimer, 1st Baron Mortimer
her father → Gwladys Ddu verch Llewelyn
his mother → Llewelyn Fawr ab Iorwerth, Prince of Gwynedd
her father → Margred verch Madog, of Powys
his mother → Madog ap Maredudd, Brenin Powys
her father → Maredudd ap Bleddyn, Brenin Powys
his father → Bleddyn ap Cynfyn, Brenin Powys
his father → Angharad verch Maredudd
his mother → Maredudd ab Owain, King of Deheubarth
her father → Angharad verch Llewelyn
his mother → N.N. ferch Merfyn
her mother → Merfyn ap Rhodri Mawr
her father → Angharad verch Meurig, of South Wales, Queen of Ceredigion & Deheubarth
his mother → Meurig ap Dyfnwallon, King of Ceredigion
her father → N.N. verch Maredudd
his mother → Maredudd ap Tewdos
her father → Tewdos ap Rhain, Brenin Dyfed
his father → Rhain ap Cadwgan, King of Dyfed
his father → Cadwgan Tredylig ap Caten, Brenin Ddyfed a Brycheiniog
his father → Caten ap Cloten
his father → Cloten ap Nowy, King of Dyfed & Brycheiniog
his father → Nowy ap Arthwyr
his father → Arthwyr ap Pedr
his father → Pedr ap Cyngar
his father → Cyngar ap Vortepir
his father → Vortepir ab Aergul Lawhir
his father → Aircol Lawhir ap Triffyn, King Of Demetia
his father
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Aircol Lawhir ap Triffyn, King Of Demetia MP
Gender: Male
Birth: circa 435
Death: after circa 465
Immediate Family:
Son of Tryffin Farfog ab Aeda Brosc, Brenin Dyfed
Father of Vortepir ab Aergul Lawhir and Erbin ab Aergul Lawhir
Added by: Jon Brees Thogmartin FTDNA Mcclendon on May 15, 2008
Managed by: Bjørn P. Brox and 18 others
Cur
HISTORIA - Revisions
DNA
Aboutedit | history
See Peter Bartrum, https://www.geni.com/documents/view?doc_id=6000000173393650888 (February 6, 2023; Anne Brannen, curator)
Please see Darrell Wolcott: Maxen Wledig and the Welsh Genealogies; http://www.ancientwalesstudies.org/id19.html. (Steven Ferry, February 6, 2020.)
Please see Darrell Wolcott: The Father of Tewdrig of Gwent; http://www.ancientwalesstudies.org/id27.html. (Steven Ferry, February 22, 2020.)
Please see Darrell Wolcott: Rulers of Brycheiniog - The Unanswered Questions; http://www.ancientwalesstudies.org/id161.html. (Steven Ferry, March 16, 2020.)
Please see Darrell Wolcott: Two Families Headed by a Rhydderch ap Iestyn; http://www.ancientwalesstudies.org/id212.html. (Steven Ferry, July 18, 2020.)
Please see Darrell Wolcott: The Legendary Kingdom of Seisyllwg; http://www.ancientwalesstudies.org/id123.html. (Steven Ferry, September 11, 2020.)
Please see Darrell Wolcott: Harleian Ms 3859; http://www.ancientwalesstudies.org/id129.html. (Steven Ferry, March 8, 2021.)
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Vortepir ab Aergul Lawhir
son
Erbin ab Aergul Lawhir
son
Tryffin Farfog ab Aeda Brosc, Br...
father
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Reinos celtas de las Islas Británicas
Celtas de Cymru
Mapa Demetia (Reino de Gales del Sur)
Este reino británico del siglo IV se basó en el territorio tribal celta de los Demetae y su posterior designación romana civitatus (un civitatus es el equivalente romano). de un condado moderno, uno que se basaba en las fronteras de cada antigua tribu territorio. Esto podría desglosarse aún más en pagi que fueron basado en ciudades o asentamientos importantes). Inicialmente, estaba bordeado por su Contraparte del norte de Gales, principios de Gwynedd, y al este ambos por el territorio temprano de Pagensis, y Mid-South Wales en forma de Cernyw.
Demetia aparentemente fue creada alrededor del año 382 por uno de los muchos hijos de Magnus Maximus (aunque tal vez eran hijos solo en el sentido en que Maximus había creado). sus posiciones y establecerlos en un poder semi-independiente: es difícil con toda certeza). Demetia ciertamente llevaba la forma romanizada de su nombre. a lo largo de los siglos IV y V, aunque también se sabía que cronistas posteriores como el 'Reino de Gales del Sur'. Su centro inicial fue en Castell Dwyran (en Carmarthenshire, aproximadamente a medio camino entre Carmarthen y Carmarthen y Haverfordwest), pero el centro tribal demetiano en Maridunum (Moridunum) probablemente permaneció en uso como el principal punto comercial de la región (esto se convirtió en el base para el Carmarthen moderno). El primer "rey" de Demetia, Antonio, fue acusado con la protección de la mitad sur de Gales de la misma manera ya que Cunedda se estableció en Gwynedd como el "rey" del norte de Gales. Algunos de El territorio que controlaba pasaba a sus hijos menores, pero que El territorio no está claro. El núcleo de sus posesiones, sin embargo, era Demetia.
Los asaltantes irlandeses fueron causando a los británicos problemas generalizados a lo largo del cuarto y quinto siglos. Para combatir esto, un sept errante de la tribu Déisi probablemente fueron establecidos en Demetia por Magnus Maximus para actuar como protectores. de la costa. La evidencia existente confirma esto al sugerir que las autoridades romanas pidieron la ayuda de Aed Brosc para mantener a los irlandeses. piratas lejos de la costa occidental de Gran Bretaña. Cuando el último británico El rey murió sin un heredero varón, los Déisi estaban disponibles para llenar el brecha. Para entonces se habían romanizado, y pronto se hicieron indivisibles de sus súbditos británicos occidentales (galeses).
(Información de Peter Kessler, con información adicional de Edward Dawson, de El paisaje del rey Arturo, Geoffrey Ashe, de Las cuatro ramas de los Mabinogi, Will Parker, de Galés Genealogías AD 300-1400, Peter Bartrum, de Una historia de Wales, John Davies, 1994, y de Enlace externo: Ancient Welsh Studies.)
382 - ?
Antonius Donatus Gregorius / Anwn Dynod
«Rey de Gales del Sur». Hijo del Alto Rey Magnus Maximus.
382
Antonius Donatus Gregorius, hijo de Magnus Maximus (al menos, según afirmaciones posteriores), se coloca al mando. de la sección sur de Gran Bretaña costa más occidental (equivalente a la posterior Gales del Sur) durante el reorganizaciones de Magnus Maximus antes de su expedición a la Galia para reclamar el título imperial.
También parece ser Magnus Maximus quien instala un sept del Déisi irlandés en Demetia. La ley encajaría con una política general de este período de apuntalamiento Las defensas de Gran Bretaña moviendo grupos enteros de personas para defender a los más débiles. áreas - sobre todo un grupo de Venicones romanizados a Gwynedd. Aed Brosc parece ser el líder Déisi que es contactado e invitado a establecerse en Demetia, probablemente en el período comprendido entre 380-383.
Moneda de Magnus Maximus
El reverso de esta moneda emitida por Magnus Maximus durante su El reinado como co-emperador lo muestra de pie, sosteniendo un laburnum y Victoria en un globo terráqueo
388
CaracterísticaSobre la muerte de Magnus Maximus, Antonius parece ser aceptado por los habitantes Demetae de su territorio. Él retiene el control de la región, lo que significa que también es éxito en expulsar a los asaltantes irlandeses que han estado amenazando la costa. Mencionado como rey por fuentes tradicionales posteriores, Es más probable que tenga el rango de Decurion (también mencionado por algunos eruditos) o un magistrado con sede en Maridunum. Él y sus sucesores han sido dado nombres galeses por más tarde cronistas (Anwn Dynod en su caso, Anwn de Antonius y Dynod de Donatus), pero es mucho más probable que lleven nombres latinizados y comportarse como romanos. Algunos elementos de su vida pueden ser incorporados más tarde en el Arturio. historias (ver enlace de la característica).
fl c.400
Demetius / Ednyfed ap Anwn
Hijo. Establecido la realeza.
CaracterísticaDemetrius hijo de Antonio, también es aceptado por los Demetae como su primer rey hereditario de la época romana tardía. Esta probablemente no sea una perspectiva difícil ya que Magnus Maximus, su abuelo, es tenido en tan alta estima por la gente del oeste de Gran Bretaña que es recordado como una figura fundadora de gran parte de Gales posterior (que también puede ser un reflejo de su influencia, e incluso de su rango militar original y publicación - en lo que se convertirá en Gales).
Según la tradición posterior, Demetius - en su forma galesa de Ednyfed ap Awn - tiene al menos dos hijos, Gloitguin (o Gloitgwyn) y Dyfnwal. El El nombre del primero parece a primera vista ser la forma galesa de un Nombre latinizado, pero hay cierta dificultad en aceptarlo porque el siguiente gobernante de Demetia, Clotrius, es reclamado como hijo de Demetrius. Gloitguin también se conoce como el padre de Clotrius, por lo que tal vez Gloitguin muere antes de que pueda gobernar a Demetia y por lo tanto, es olvidado por algunos cronistas posteriores. Sin embargo, 'Gloitguin' Parece un apodo que significa 'azul-blanco', y también se ve sospechosamente similar al elemento base del nombre de Caer Gloui. Es ¿Es un juego de palabras?
Carmarthen Roman amphitheatre
Carmarthen's Roman amphitheatre would still have been largely intact in this period, if perhaps rather scruffy, and the town walls remained standing (in part) as late as the time of Giraldus Cambrensis (twelfth century)
As for Dyfnwal, he may govern a sub-unit of Demetia (a pagus), and may be the father of the Honorius (Ynyr Gwent) who marries St Madrun, the daughter of Vortimer (Gwerthefyr), the ruler or magistrate of Gwent. Again though, the name seems suspicious. The first element of Dyfnwal is 'dyfn' (modernised as 'Devon'), which is how the kingdom of Dumnonia comes to be known. The second element, 'wal', means 'wealas', which is a term frequently used by Angles and Saxons to denote the presence of Britons (Welsh), in this case the Britons of Devon. Even the name Demetius is suspect here, being suspiciously close to 'Demetia'. All three have to be treated with great care as they all seem to be created by using the names of places to form identities.
c.410 - c.421
Clotrius / Clotri ap Ednyfed
Son (or grandson). Last British ruler of Demetia.
Maelgwn
Son and heir, but predeceased his father.
c.421
With Clotri's only male heir dead, his daughter Gweldyr is the sole heiress to the kingdom (but see the fascinating argument by the Ancient Welsh Studies website that Clotri 'himself' is actually a daughter of Demetius rather than a son). Although she may be considerably younger, she marries Triphun of the Romanised Déisi Irish, who have been settled in Demetia to help defend it from Irish raiders. The kingdom's name is retained but is altered by the Irish pronunciation of it so that, within about a century, the accepted pronunciation is Dyfed.
MapDyfed (of the Déisi) / Rheinwg
The Déisi (or Déssi or Deisi) tribe of the County Waterford region in Ireland were apparently settled by the existing Roman authorities in the region of Demetia by 382 (probably as an acknowledgement of a situation which already existed). Their leader, Aed Brosc, was one of his people's key figures. His grandfather, Eochaid Allmuir, had been forced to leave his homeland after a bid for independence failed, and was severely crushed by the Irish high king.
The County Waterford area is interesting in itself. Some archaeological evidence from the island of Lambay, and a second century map by Ptolemy, reveal the possibility that some elements of the British Brigantes had fled there to settle following the conquest of their kingdom by the Romans. It was only towards the end of the first century AD that Brigantine artefacts started to appear in Ireland, and specifically in the Cork/Waterford area, within the later Munster region. Elements of the Deceangli may also have fled to Ireland by the end of the AD 70s to escape Roman rule and retribution.
Now the question arises of whether the Déisi were descendants of these Brigantes refugees. The term 'déisi' is virtually interchangeable with another Old Irish term, 'aithechthúatha', meaning 'rent-paying tribes, vassal communities, tributary peoples'. As a tributary people a bid for power would be natural if they considered themselves powerful and worthy enough. Clearly this failed in the case of Eochaid Allmuir and the Déisi were forced to escape retribution in Ireland by colonising (or returning to) areas of western Britain. They may also have provided the Irish settlers of Gwynedd who were kicked out following the arrival of Cunedda Wledig.
The descendants of Aed Brosc's eldest son, Urb, founded the kingdom of Brycheiniog between 420-450, while his younger son, Triffyn Farfog, married the heiress of the British Demetian kings. Like most Irish royalty, Eochaid claimed descent from Beli Mawr, the Celtic sun god who was also claimed as a second century BC high king of pre-Roman Britain, through his son, Miled. Another branch of the expelled Déisi (pronounced 'day-shee') became the Dál gCais clan of Thomond.
The name Dyfed (also known as Dyfor) originates from one of the former Roman civitates within the kingdom, and seems to have been the Déisi pronunciation of the older name of Demetia. The early Déisi settlers were very receptive to the benefits of the Roman way of life, and they gave their children Romano-British names. These were recorded by the early Welsh in Welsh format, and later rulers became completely Welsh in background as Roman influence faded. The Déisi rulers of Dyfed initially used the Roman title of 'protector' (protictoris) instead of the British equivalent of magistrate or princeps. This practice continued at least as far as Vortipor, whose memorial stone was discovered at Castell Dwyran.
(Information by Peter Kessler, with additional information by Edward Dawson, from The Landscape of King Arthur, Geoffrey Ashe, from The Four Branches of the Mabinogi, Will Parker, from Welsh Genealogies AD 300-1400, Peter Bartrum, from A History of Wales, John Davies, 1994, from Welsh Medieval Law, Arthur Wade-Evans, 1909, and from the Historia Brittonum (The History of the Britons), Nennius, and De Excidio Brittaniae et Conquestu (On the Ruin of Britain), Gildas (both J A Giles, Ed & Trans, 1841, published as part of Six Old English Chronicles (Henry G Bohn, London, 1848)).)
fl c.110 BC
Beli Mawr (the Great)
High King of Britain. m Don ferch Mathonwy.
Linking the well known figure of Beli Mawr of pre-Roman Britain to Miled seems to be totally spurious - little more than a faked claim to have inherited the ancient crown of Britain. A better study of the Déisi pedigree shows that Miled is the mythical Míl Espáine whose Celtic sons led the exodus from Iberia to southern Ireland where they form the kingdom of Munster. These people are probably Celtiberians, a migration that can be accounted for by a look at modern DNA evidence in the Irish. Many of the names found in this list are also claimed as early Milesian high kings of Ireland.
Celtiberians
This depiction of Celtiberians ambushing Roman soldiers is a glimpse of the bitter Roman battle to control Iberia after the Punic Wars, but just when a group of Celtiberians from the north of Iberia might have migrated to Ireland is unknown, even though it was certainly before this war took place
Miled / Melisius / Galamh
'Son'.
Eremon / Heremon
Son. High king 14 years. King of the Milesians in Munster. m Tea.
Irial Faidh
Son.
Eithrial
Son.
Follain / Follagh
Son.
Tigernmas / Tighearnmhas
Son.
Eanbrotha / Eanbothadh
Son.
Smiomghall / Smiorgall
Son.
Fiacha Lamhraein
Son.
Aongus Olmucach
Son.
Maoin / Maen
Son.
Rotheachta
Son.
Dein / Deman
Son.
Siorna Saoghalach
Son.
Olioll Olchaoin
Son.
Gialcadh / Gaillchadh
Son.
Nuadhas Fionnfail
Son.
Aedan Glas / Aedham / Aodhan
Son.
Simon Breac
Son.
Muireadach Bolgach / Murchad
Son.
Fiacha Tolgrach
Son.
Duach Ladhrach
Son.
Eochaidh Buidh
Son.
Ugaine Mor / Augaine
Son.
Cobthach Caolbhreagh
Son.
Melg Molbhthach / Melghe
Son.
Iaran Gleofathach / Irereo
Son.
Conla Caomh
Son.
Olioll Casfiachlach
Son.
Eochaidh Altleathan
Son.
Aongus Tuirmeach Teamrach
Son.
Enna Aigneach
Son.
Subsequent to Enna there may either be three generations missing from this list, or they have been added later. They are Lava 'the Fierce' Luire (Lorc), son of Enna; Beotach (Beothachtach) son of Lava; and Blatact son of Beotach.
Cullyhanna dwelling
This is a reconstruction of a typical Irish dwelling in the Bronze Age, at Cullyhanna in County Armagh, and it is probably safe to assume that the Irish in Demetia initially produced dwellings that were similar
Asaman Eamhna / Essamain
Son of Enna (or Beotach).
Roighean Ruadh
Son.
Fionnlogh
Son.
Fionn
Son.
Eochaidh Feidlioch
Son.
Fineamhas (Breas-Nar-Lothar)
Son.
Lughaidh Sriabhn Dearg
Son. Lewy 'of the Red Circles'.
Crimthann Niadh Nar / Criffan
Son.
Feredach Fionn Feachtnach
Son.
Fiacha Fionn Ola
Son.
AD 80 - 100
Tuathal Teachtmar / Teachtmhar
Son. High king of Ireland.
104 - 113
Felim Rachtmar / Fedlimid Rechtmar
Son. High king of Ireland.
Legendary high king of Ireland, Fedlimid Rechtmar, is the father of future high king, Conn Cétchathach (from AD 116 according to Ireland's mythological timeline). Two other sons are Fiacha Suighe and Eochaid Finn, both of whom are mentioned in medieval sources. Fiacha is also claimed as the ancestor of the Dal Fiachrach Suighe, meaning the 'Seed of Fiachra Suighe'.
fl 120s/130s
Fiacha / Fiachu Suighe / Suidhe / Suidge
Son. Brother of High King Conn Cétchathach of Ireland.
fl c.150s
Cairbre / Cairpre Rigronn mac Fiachach
Son.
Corp mac Cairpre
Son.
Mes Gegra mac Cuirb
Son.
Mes Corp mac Mes Gegra
Son.
fl c.250s
Art Corp / Artchorp mac Mes Cuirb
Son.
c.240s
According to legend, Cormac mac Airt is high king of Ireland ('Ard Ri na Eireann') during the time of Finn mac Cuill (Fionn mac Cumhaill, or Finn MacCool). He is also one of the country's most popular high kings, being mentioned in many tales and poems and also in the Irish annals, the Annals of the Four Masters. He fights many battles, subduing the Ulaid and Connachta and continuing the ongoing struggle to bring Munster to heel.
In the story The Expulsion of the Déisi, the great-great-great-grandson of legendary high king of Ireland, Fedlimid Rechtmar (AD 104, according to Ireland's mythological timeline), is Art Corb. His four sons are expelled from Tara following a failed bid to take the high kingship. Cormac mac Airt is also mentioned in the eighth century text when he is blinded by Óengus Gaíbúaibthech of the Déisi. As no high king can remain in place if he bears a physical blemish, Cormac is replaced by Eochaid Gonnat, although a year later he is killed in battle by Cormac's son, Cairbre Lifechair.
Art Corb's sons each go their own way. The group led by Eochaid Allmhuir (Allmhuir meaning 'over-sea') settles in Demetia around the start of the fourth century, while another eventually settles amongst the Déisi of southern Munster (the Déisi Muman). These events have been tied to Scotti (Irish) pirate raids along the length of Britain's western and southern coasts in the fourth and fifth centuries, and to the foundation of the Brito-Irish kingdoms of Dyfed and Brycheiniog. Another branch of the expelled Déisi becomes the Dál gCais clan of Thomond.
fl 244 - 272
Óengus Gaíbúaibthech
Of the Déisi. Killed.
During the high kingship of Cairbre Lifechair in Ireland, his sons Fiacha Sraibhtine and Eochaid Doimlen kill Óengus Gaíbúaibthech of the Déisi. In an attempt to heal the breach, Cairbre betroths his daughter, Sgiam Sholais, to a Déisi prince but the the fianna (a form of semi-independent war band) demands a tribute of twenty gold bars.
Marloes Sands
The coast of Pembrokeshire, part of the territory of Demetae and the later kingdom of Dyfed, is a mixture of sandy beaches and daunting rocks (as at Marloes Sands, shown here), but there would have been many places for the Déisi to land and seize some territory
Deciding to cut the fianna down to size, Cairbre gathers a huge army from Connacht, Laigin, and Ulaid, with support from Goll mac Morna and his followers from the fianna itself, while the Déisi and Munster side with the fianna. Cairbre is victorious at the resultant Battle of Gabhra, but dies in single combat against Oscar, grandson of his own father-in-law, Fionn mac Cumhaill (Finn MacCool). Oscar dies of his own wounds shortly after. The only fianna survivors are Caílte mac Rónáin and Fionn's other son, Oisín.
The subsequent high kings are brothers Fothad Airgthech and Fothad Cairpthech. A year after acceding, one kills the other and the survivor is then killed by Caílte mac Rónáin of the fianna and the followers of Caibre's son, Fiacha Sraibhtine, at the Battle of Ollarba.
fl c.270s
Eochaid Allmuir (Over-Sea)
Son of Art Corp. Sometimes named first Déisi leader in Demetia.
Corath mac Eochaid
Son.
382
It seems to be Magnus Maximus, the father of Antonius of Demetia, who settles the Irish Déisi within the territory's borders. The act would fit in with a general policy of this period of shoring up Britain's defences by moving entire groups of people to defend the weaker areas - most notably a group of Romanised Venicones to Gwynedd. Aed Brosc seems to have been the Déisi leader who is contacted and invited to settle in Demetia, probably in the period between 380-383.
fl 382
Aed Brosc (Ewein Vreisg)
Son. Historical leader of the Déisi in Dyfed.
fl c.405
Urb mac Aed
Son. Migrated into the Brycheiniog region.
c.420
Anlach, grandson of Urb mac Aed, marries Marchel, whom Celtic works describe as the 'heiress of Garthmadrun'. The same works give Anlach's father as Cornac or Coronac, who is generally linked to Cormac mac Urb of the Déisi. Given the calculation that the Déisi had arrived in Dyfed around AD 300, this would give them ample time to become integrated into the regional nobility and for their leading sons to marry the offspring of the surviving Brito-Welsh nobility, hence Anlach's marriage to Marchel. Upon Anlach's death, Garthmadrun becomes Brycheiniog.
c.421-c.445
Triphun (Valerian) (mac Aed)
Brother of Urb. m Gweldyr, heiress of Demetia. First Irish king.
Triphun is an Irish version of the Latin 'tribune'. Also shown as Trestin, this is clearly a rank rather than a name. His name seems to be Valerian, making him Tribune Valerian, a Romanised Irish king. As the fourth generation of Déisi to have been raised in Britain, the tribe now has roots in the country and has clearly developed a certain degree of reliability and trustworthiness. By taking a Roman name, Valerian has become part of the British ruling elite, so much so that he is able to marry Gweldyr, the Romano-British heiress of Demetia. In later Welsh works he is Triffyn Farfog ('the Bearded').
c.432 - 436
Aurelius Ambrosius of Caer Gloui is apparently a leader of a British council, which presumably answers to Vortigern. It is his decision to confirm the Irish Déisi as commanders of the Demetia area of the west coast to counter the threat of Irish raiders. Vortigern acquiesces and assigns Ambrosius 'Dinas Emrys and all the western lands', suggesting that Ambrosius becomes the architect for the defence of these western areas. This is motivated by the council's reluctance to depend entirely on Saxon mercenaries, with their constant demands for increased provisions, especially in an area were they would be lightly supervised. The Déisi have already been settled for some time and would be self-supporting.
c.440s/450s
FeatureThere is a probable Irish presence at Dunster Castle (Dindraithov or Dindraethou to the Welsh) in the early post-Roman period. This is a fort which overlooks the approaches to Exmoor, four and-a-half kilometres (three miles) south-east of Minehead in Somerset (roughly on the edges of Dumnonian territory). The modern castle may not be the same site as the post-Roman fort, which could be located a little way inland. Irish settlers are frequenting Somerset at this time, which suggests that they are people who have already been accepted into Britain, such as the Déisi of Dyfed. They are not large in number but they do remain for a long time. Nearby Glastonbury is spoken of as 'Glastonbury of the Gaels' thanks to its shrines of St Patrick and St Brigit. The fort features in the list of twenty-eight cities of Britain in Nennius' Historia Brittonum, appearing as Caer Draithou, and is mentioned in the Life of St Carannog (of Ceredigion).
fl c.467
Agricola / Aircol / Aergol
Son. Aricol Lawhir (Long-Hand) mac Triffyn.
Agricola bears another Romanised name, just like his father, showing that the Déisi kings of Dyfed have become fully-fledged members of late Romano-British society. Later variations of his name include the fully Welsh Aricol Lawhir, the latter meaning 'long-hand'. He holds court at Lis Castell (Lydstep) near Din Bych (Tenby). He is also reputed to be a patron both of the church at Llandaff and of St Euddogwy and St Teilo, the bishops of Glywyssing. Euddogwy is the son of Budic II, high king of the Bretons of Vannetais, whom Agricola takes in after he is expelled from his lands.
fl c.460s/480s
Cunoricus / Cynyr Ceinfarfog
Lord of Cantref Pebidiog.
late 400s
The minor vassal state of Caer Goch (or Caer Gawch - probably a later form of the name) emerges within the territory of Dyfed. It is held by Cynyr Ceinfarfog (the Welsh form of the name which probably dates to the eighth century or later), otherwise known as Cunoricus (the Latin form of the name, which is much more likely to be the version used by the man himself - the modern form is Kendrick). However, 'Cynyr' can be traced back to the Irish name Connor which is also used in the formation of the name Conchobhar (meaning 'lover of hounds'). The likeliest explanation is that Cynyr is Déisi Irish, and that he adapts his name so that it becomes familiar to Romano-British ears. In Welsh a 'y' can be pronounced in two ways, either as the English 'y' or as a 'u'. In this case it would be a 'u', so that Irish Conner becomes early Welsh 'cunur'. The transition to Cunoricus as a Latinised Connor/Conchobhar is more difficult to accept, thanks to the '-ic' in the middle, although it is still possible.
The appellation of 'ceinfarfog' means 'fair bearded', possibly referring to a blonde beard but equally possibly to a black beard, as the Celts (and their modern Welsh descendants) have a well-developed sense of humour when it comes to names.
Cunoricus governs cantref Pebidiog from Castell-Coch (Caer Gawch, although there are three places with this name, this one being near Mynyw, close to St Davids). Caer-Gynyr (later known as Caer Cai) near Bala in Penllyn is also claimed as being his - which creates an interesting scenario. By the end of the fifth century Penllyn is apparently part of the sub-kingdom of Rhos, itself a division of Gwynedd. However, it seems unlikely that its first ruler is in place before AD 480, which raises the interesting prospect of Cunoricus being a Romano-British warlord or official who is replaced or succeeded by the newcomers who now rule Gwynedd. It is certainly a sign of the times on Britain's western coastline. Cunoricus is also the Sir Ector of Arthurian legend, who raises the young Arthur as his foster son prior to the latter becoming high king.
c.495 - 540
Vortipor / Vortiporious / Voteporix
Son of Agricola. High King. King or 'Protector' of Dyfed.
c.540
Vortipor is clearly a powerful figure in British history, as noted by his being included in the list of high kings of Britain. Vortipor's name has been recorded in various ways, from the Latinised Vortipor itself, to the Gaulish Voteporix, and the (perhaps) more genuinely original Vortepor mac Aricol. Even this has been recorded as Gartbuir mac Alchoil (in The Expulsion of the Déisi, written in the eighth century), and Guortepir (from an eleventh century pedigree).
Towards the end of his life, 'grey with age' and a widower, Vortipor is named by Gildas as the 'tyrant of the Demetae'. He also leaves behind a memorial stone which confirms this epithet. Around 1880 the stone is incorporated into a stile at Castell Dwyran (by now St Teilo's Church). It is later moved to a field in front of Gwarmacwydd House, Llanfallteg, before being donated to the Carmarthenshire Antiquarian Society. Quite possibly originally associated with a Bronze Age barrow, and also positioned with reference to the Roman road west of Carmarthen, a simple ring cross tops the inscription. 'The use of 'memoria' and the layout of the cross and inscription suggest Christian contacts with the Continent or possibly North Africa.
Vortipor Stone
The Vortipor or Voteporix Stone, which is now held by the Carmarthenshire Antiquarian Society in Carmarthenshire, showing that this king had apparent links to Roman Britain, Dyfed, and also the Irish, almost certainly the Déisi Irish
Vortipor is 'Demetarum tyranne Vortipori', which translates as 'Vortipor, tyrant of the Demetae', tyrant in the sense that he had held ultimate authority over the kingdom. The use of the Latin term 'protectoris' suggests a title originally referring to a member of the Roman imperial bodyguard, and may be an hereditary title. It dates to the late fifth or early sixth century, precisely the time of Vortipor. There are remains of an Ogham inscription along the stone's top left edge, this being the early medieval script used to write down the Irish language.
fl c.550
Cyngar ap Gwrthefyr
Son.
fl c.570
Petr / Pedr ap Cyngar
Son.
c.590
FeatureThe Bernician Angles successfully destroy the kingdom of The Peak around this time, during a general expansion that also sees the fall of Dunoting around the same time. King Sawyl Penuchel is forced to flee to Wales. There is a story in the Life of St Cadoc that places him at Allt Cunedda near Kidwelly, within Dyfed's territory. However, the name of the location links it to Cunedda of Gwynedd, suggesting that his campaigns to clear Wales of Irish raiders had extended much farther south than is otherwise known. The story about Sawyl in Wales has him and his warband stealing food from Llancarfan Abbey (hard times, clearly, for this dispossessed king). St Cadoc follows them and finds them sleeping under a tree. He cuts off their hair and flees to a bog. When Sawyl and his men follow the bog claims them. It is unclear if this is the same Sawyl, but the approximate dates for the saint coincide with his approximate dates.
c.595-c.615
Arthur map Petr
Son. Named after Arthur Pendragon (High King). Born c.570-85.
fl c.625
Nowy Hen (the Old)
Son. King of Dyfed & Brycheiniog.
fl c.650
Cloten ap Nowy
Son. King of Dyfed & Brycheiniog. Also known as Gwlyddien.
c.650
Ceindrych ferch Rhiwallon, princess of Brycheiniog, marries her distant cousin, Cloten, king of Dyfed, and for the space of three generations the two kingdoms are united.
fl c.670
Caten ap Cloten
Son. King of Dyfed & Brycheiniog.
fl c.690
Cadwgan Tredylig ap Caten
Son. King of Dyfed & Brycheiniog.
fl c.710
Regin / Rhain ap Cadwgan
Son. King of Dyfed & Brycheiniog. Brycheiniog passed to brother.
700 - 720
MapDuring Rhain's rule, Dyfed is invaded by Seisyll, king of Ceredigion. He takes Ystrad Towy, and Rhain's dual kingdom is split in two. Both areas appear to have been known for a time as Rheinwg after their king, but now Rhain is forced to pass the sub-kingdom of Brycheiniog to a younger brother, Aust (or Awst).
c.730
The precise status of the kingdom of Brycheiniog at this time is open to some question. Three of the sons of Rhein ap Cadwgn appear to divide Brycheiniog between themselves (probably following the death of Rhein himself). Some of their immediate descendants are referred to as 'king', but seem more likely to be lords of cantrefi (districts containing a hundred settlements) or commotes (one third or a half of a cantref). It may be the case that Naufedd Hen, Tewdos, and Elisse are in competition to see who comes out on top as the kingdom's ruler.
fl c.730
Teuder / Tewdos / Tewdr ap Regin
Son. Seemingly also king of Brycheiniog (or part of it).
c.745 - 798
Meredydd ap Teuder
Son.
798 - 808
Rhein / Rhain ap Maredydd
Son.
808 - c.810
Triffyn ap Rhein
Son. No heir.
c.810 - 811
Owain ap Meredydd
Owain was the last male descendent of Aed Brosc.
811
Although some sources suggest Hyfaidd ap Bledrig as the next ruler of Dyfed, a reign of about eighty-two years is clearly implausible. A ruling generation or more seems to have been lost, and it would not have included Hyfaidd's low-born father. Owain ap Meredydd had been the last male descendant of Aed Brosc, so who really succeeds him? Could the kingdom have splintered with several claimants each grabbing a share, to be slowly pulled back together by the end of the century?
? - 893
Hyfaidd ap Bledrig / Bleddri
Son of Tangwystyl ferch Owain and low-born Bledrig.
893 - 904
Llywarch ap Hyfaidd
Son. No heir. His dau, Elen (893-943), m Hywel Dda.
896
Vikings have been wintering at Quatford (near Bridgnorth in Shropshire, part of western Mercia), but in the spring of this year they ravage the kingdoms of Brycheiniog, Gwent, and the Gwynllg region of Glywyssing. Asser records that Elisedd of Brycheiniog requests help from Alfred of Wessex, but another reason for this may also be due to pressure from Anarawd ap Rhodri, the powerful king of Gwynedd and Deheubarth who is keen on expanding his areas of control. Dyfed's Hyfaidd ap Bledrig may be another southern Welsh king who, during his lifetime, similarly appeals to Alfred for aid and support to ward off Anarawd.
Valle del río Severn
Los vikingos encontraron cuarteles en Quatford en Mercia, ocupando un posición dominante sobre el valle del río Severn (sólo a media milla de la vista que se muestra aquí), y la construcción de un burgo que puede haber formado la base del castillo normando posterior.
904
Rhodri ap Hyfaidd
Hermano. Decapitado.
904
Cadell ap Rhodri de Seisyllwg y su hijo, Hywel Dda, conquista Dyfed. A Hywel se le concede el control del reino, un posición que es una reclamación totalmente legítima en principio (si no en derecho) gracias a su matrimonio con Elen ferch Llywarch ap Hyfaidd.
904 - 950
Hywel Dda (el Bueno) ap Cadell
Rey de Deheubarth (Gwynedd, Powys y Seisyllwg).
916
MapaHywel Dda es el hijo de Cadell de Seisyllwg. Cuando él accede al trono de Deheubarth en 916 es capaz de reclamar gobernar un Gran Gales del Sur. En 942 gana Gwynedd y gobierna un Gales unido hasta su muerte. Una vez que Gwynedd se separa del resto del territorio, antiguo Dyfed proporciona el corazón a lo largo de con Ceredigion (el antiguo Seisyllwg) del reino de Deheubarth.
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Agregado por: Ing. Carlos Juan Felipe Urdaneta Alamo, MD.IG.
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