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32 ° Bisabuelo/ Great Grandfather de: Carlos Juan Felipe Antonio Vicente De La Cruz Urdaneta Alamo →Hywel Dda ap Cadell, King of the Britons is your 32nd great grandfather.
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his father → Angharad verch Maredudd
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his father → Hywel Dda ap Cadell, King of the Britons
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Hywel Dda ap Cadell, King of the Britons MP
Gender: Male
Birth: circa 880
Death: 950 (65-75)
Immediate Family:
Son of Cadell ap Rhodri Mawr, King of Dyfed and Deheubarth and Rheingar verch Hyfaidd
Husband of Elen verch Llywarch
Father of Owain ap Hywel Dda; Angharad verch Hywel Dda; Rhodri ap Hywel Dda; Einion Ap Hywel; Rhain ap Hywel and 1 other
Brother of Clydog ap Cadell and Meurig ap Cadell
Added by: Bjørn P. Brox on May 2, 2007
Managed by: Daniel Dupree Walton and 151 others
Curated by: Anne Brannen
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Casado ([904]%29 ELEN de Dyfed, hija y heredera de LLYWARCH ap Hyfaidd Rey de Dyfed y su esposa --- (-[943]). ===
La Crónica Gwentiana registra que "su hijo Hywel fue hecho rey de Ceredigion" en 900 después de la muerte de "Cadell hijo de Rhodri el Grande"[100]. Sucedió a su padre en 909 como rey de Deheubarth. La Crónica Gwentiana registra que "Anarawd hijo de Rhodri el Grande, rey de los britanos" murió en 913 y luego "Hywel hijo de Cadell gobernó sobre todo Gales"[101]. La Crónica de los Príncipes de Gales registra que "el rey Aullido el Bueno, hijo de Cadell, fue a Roma" en 926[102]. Rey de Gwynedd. Athelstan rey de Wessex acordó la frontera con los príncipes galeses a lo largo del río Wye en una reunión en Hereford en [930], exigiendo un fuerte tributo de ellos. Hywel visitó a Athelstan rey de Wessex muchas veces entre 931 y 937, y fue influenciado por la vida inglesa y los métodos de gobierno[103]. La Crónica de Gwentian registra que "Eidwal el Calvo, hijo de Anarawd muerto, Hywel tomó sobre sí el gobierno de todo Gales" en 943[104]. Los Annales Cambriæ registran la muerte en 950 de "Higuel rex Brittonum"[105]. La Crónica de los Príncipes de Gales registra que "Aullido el Bueno, hijo del rey Cadell, jefe y gloria de todos los britanos" murió en 948[106]. La Crónica Gwentiana registra que "Hywel el Bueno, hijo de Cadell rey de todo Gales" murió en 948[107]. m ([904]%29 ELEN de Dyfed, hija y heredera de LLYWARCH ap Hyfaidd Rey de Dyfed y su esposa --- (-[943]). La fuente primaria que confirma su parentesco aún no ha sido identificada. La Crónica Gwentiana registra que "Elen esposa de Hywel el Bueno" murió en 943[108].
Hywel & his wife had four children:
i) DYVNWAL (-951). La Crónica de los Príncipes de Gales registra que "Dyvenwal y Rhodri hijos de Howel" murieron en 951[109].
ii) RHODRI (-[951/54]). Rey de Gwynedd, conjuntamente con sus hermanos. Los Annales Cambriæ registran la muerte en 954 de "Rotri filius Higuel"[110]. La Crónica de los Príncipes de Gales registra que "Dyvenwal y Rhodri hijos de Howel" murieron en 951[111].
iii) EDWIN (-952). Rey de Gwynedd, conjuntamente con sus hermanos. La Crónica de los Príncipes de Gales registra que "Edwin hijo de Howel el Bueno" murió en 952[112].
iv) OWAIN ap Hywel (-[987/88]). La Crónica Gwentiana registra que "su hijo Owain tomó el gobierno de Ceredigion" después de la muerte de "Hywel el Bueno, hijo de Cadell rey de todo Gales" en 948[113]. Rey de Gwynedd, conjuntamente con sus hermanos.
Hywell ap Cadell(hijo de Cadell)
CADELL
(-[900/09]). The Gwentian Chronicle records the division of territories effected by "Rhodri the Great" and that "Cadell his eldest son had Ceredigion and his palace at Dinevwr…[with] the supremacy to the oldest of the three diademed princes"[94]. King of Ceredigion. The Gwentian Chronicle records that "Cadell son of Rhodri subjugated his brother Mervyn and took Powys from him, and then ruled over all Wales" in 877[95]. The Gwentian Chronicle records that "Anarawd king of Gwynedd devastated Ceredigion, the territory of his brother Cadell" in 892[96]. King of Deheubarth. The Annales Cambriæ record the death in 909 of "Catell filius Rodri rex"[97]. The Chronicle of the Princes of Wales records the death in 907 of "Cadell son of Rhodri"[98]. The Gwentian Chronicle records that "Cadell son of Rhodri the Great" died in 900[99]. m ---. The name of Cadell´s wife is not known. Cadell & his wife had three children
Hywel Dda también es notable como posiblemente el único gobernante galés medieval temprano que emitió monedas. Sin embargo, el único ejemplo, que lleva la leyenda 'Howæl Rex', puede haber tenido más una función ceremonial que monetaria. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hywel_Dda Hywel Dda De Wikipedia, la enciclopedia libre
Hywel Dda (c. 880?–950), (inglés Hywel el Bueno, a veces anglicanizado como Howell el Bueno) fue originalmente rey de Deheubarth en el suroeste de Gales, pero finalmente llegó a gobernar la mayor parte de Gales. Como descendiente de Rhodri Mawr a través de su padre Cadell, Hywel fue miembro de la rama Dinefwr de la dinastía.
Es recordado como uno de los gobernantes galeses nativos más exitosos antes de la conquista normanda, y fue conocido como el Rey de los Britons. Su nombre está particularmente vinculado con el desarrollo de las leyes galesas, a menudo llamadas las Leyes de Hywel.
Biografía
Hywel nació alrededor de 880, el hijo menor de Cadell ap Rhodri, hijo de Rhodri el Grande. En 905, Cadell, habiendo conquistado Dyfed, se lo dio a su hijo para que gobernara en su nombre. Hywel pudo consolidar su posición al casarse con Elen, cuyo padre Llywarch ap Hyfaidd había gobernado Dyfed hasta su muerte. Tras la muerte de su padre en 909, adquirió una parte de Seisyllwg, y a la muerte de su hermano en 920, fusionó Dyfed y Seisyllwg, creando para sí mismo un nuevo reino, que se conoció como Deheubarth. Tras la muerte de su primo Idwal Foel en 942, también se apoderó del principado de Gwynedd, convirtiéndose en gobernante de aproximadamente tres cuartas partes del actual Gales.
Logros
Paz con Inglaterra
El reinado de Hywel, inusualmente para la época, fue pacífico, y logró un entendimiento con Athelstan de Inglaterra. Tal era la relación entre los países vecinos que Hywel pudo acuñar su propia moneda en la ciudad inglesa de Chester. Fue el único gobernante galés en producir monedas. Su estudio del sistema legal inglés y su visita a Roma en 928 (en peregrinación) se combinaron para permitirle formular ideas avanzadas sobre el gobierno. (Posiblemente tendría la oportunidad de conocer a cualquiera de los Papas Juan X, León VI y Esteban VII que estuvieron activos durante ese año).
Las opiniones varían en cuanto a los motivos de la estrecha asociación de Hywel con la corte de Athelstan. J.E. Lloyd lo vio como un entusiasta anglófilo y admirador de los reyes de Wessex,[1] mientras que D.P. Kirby sugiere que puede ser más bien la acción de un pragmático que reconoció las realidades del poder en la Gran Bretaña de mediados del siglo 10. [2] Es notable que le dio a uno de sus hijos un nombre anglosajón, Edwin. Sus políticas con respecto a Inglaterra evidentemente no eran del gusto de todos sus súbditos. Un poema en galés titulado Armes Prydein, considerado por Sir Ifor Williams como escrito en Deheubarth durante el reinado de Hywel, pedía a los galeses que se unieran a una confederación de todos los pueblos no ingleses de Gran Bretaña e Irlanda para luchar contra los sajones. El poema bien puede estar vinculado a la alianza de los reinos nórdicos y celtas que desafiaron a Athelstan en la batalla de Brunanburh en 937. Ninguna fuerza galesa se unió a esta alianza, y esto bien pudo haber sido debido a la influencia de Hywel; por otro lado, tampoco envió tropas para apoyar a Athelstan.
La ley
La conferencia celebrada en Whitland alrededor de 945, fue una especie de parlamento en el que la ley galesa fue codificada y establecida por escrito para la posteridad, gran parte del trabajo fue realizado por el célebre secretario, Blegywryd. Tras la muerte de Hywel, su reino pronto se dividió en tres. Gwynedd fue reclamada por los hijos de Idwal Foel, mientras que Deheubarth fue dividida entre los hijos de Hywel. Sin embargo, su legado perduró en la forma de sus leyes ilustradas, que permanecieron en uso activo en todo Gales hasta la conquista y no fueron abolidas por el Parlamento inglés hasta el siglo 16. Una copia sobreviviente de la Ley (mss Peniarth 28) se conserva en la Biblioteca Nacional de Gales en Aberystwyth y se puede ver en línea. [1]
Referencias
1. ^ John Edward Lloyd (1911). A history of Wales: from the earliest times to the Edwardian conquest. Longmans, Green & Co.
2. ^ D.P. Kirby, Hywel Dda: Anglófilo?, Revisión histórica galesa, 8 (1976-7)
Hywel se hizo cargo del reino sureño de Dyfed tras la muerte de su suegro (que pudo haber arreglado) en 904. Compartió tierras en Ceredigon e Ystrad Tywi con sus hermanos después de la muerte de su padre. Unió su herencia en 920, creando el reino de Deheubarth, y acusó Gwynedd después de la muerte de Idwal Foel en 942.
El mayor logro de Hywel fue crear el primer sistema legal uniforme en Gales. Se llamaban cyfraith Hywel (leyes de Hywel) y más tarde se afirmó que llevó estas leyes a Roma en su peregrinación en 928 y las bendijo el Papa.
Tras la muerte de Hywel, parte de su reino se separó. Gwynedd y Powys regresaron a la línea de Idwal ap Anarawd. Glamorgan continuó siendo súbditos de sus propios reyes. Deheubarth pasó al hijo de Hywel, Owain.
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Hywel se hizo cargo del reino sureño de Dyfed tras la muerte de su suegro (que pudo haber arreglado) en 904. Compartió tierras en Ceredigon e Ystrad Tywi con sus hermanos después de la muerte de su padre. Unió su herencia en 920, creando el reino de Deheubarth, y acusó Gwynedd después de la muerte de Idwal Foel en 942.
El mayor logro de Hywel fue crear el primer sistema legal uniforme en Gales. Se llamaban cyfraith Hywel (leyes de Hywel) y más tarde se afirmó que llevó estas leyes a Roma en su peregrinación en 928 y las bendijo el Papa.
Tras la muerte de Hywel, parte de su reino se separó. Gwynedd y Powys regresaron a la línea de Idwal ap Anarawd. Glamorgan continuó siendo súbditos de sus propios reyes. Deheubarth pasó al hijo de Hywel, Owain.
Hywel se hizo cargo del reino sureño de Dyfed tras la muerte de su suegro (que pudo haber arreglado) en 904. Compartió tierras en Ceredigon e Ystrad Tywi con sus hermanos después de la muerte de su padre. Unió su herencia en 920, creando el reino de Deheubarth, y acusó Gwynedd después de la muerte de Idwal Foel en 942.
El mayor logro de Hywel fue crear el primer sistema legal uniforme en Gales. Se llamaban cyfraith Hywel (leyes de Hywel) y más tarde se afirmó que llevó estas leyes a Roma en su peregrinación en 928 y las bendijo el Papa.
Tras la muerte de Hywel, parte de su reino se separó. Gwynedd y Powys regresaron a la línea de Idwal ap Anarawd. Glamorgan continuó siendo súbditos de sus propios reyes. Deheubarth pasó al hijo de Hywel, Owain.
Rey de todo Gales [excepto Gwent y Glamorgan]. Reinado: 916-950
Codified the laws of Wales
916-950 Reign
BIOGRAFÍA: (galés), inglés Hywel The Good (m. AD 950), jefe llamado en los prólogos de los libros de leyes galeses "rey de todo Gales". Este epíteto fue de hecho apropiado para Howel, particularmente durante los últimos años de su reinado. Se convirtió en gobernante de Seisyllwg (aproximadamente el área de Dyfed y el valle de Towy) conjuntamente con su hermano Clydog después de la muerte de su padre, Cadell (c. 910), pero después de la muerte de Clydog en 920 gobernó solo. La soberanía sobre Dyfed en el suroeste de Gales le llegó a través de su esposa, Elen, hija de Llywarch ap Hyfaidd (m. 904), el último rey de su dinastía; adquirió Gwynedd, en el noroeste de Gales, y probablemente Powis, en el noreste de Gales, a la muerte de su primo Idwal Foel ap Anarawd, en 942. El reinado de Howel fue notable por su tranquilidad, el resultado de su constante política de sumisión a Inglaterra. El primer acto registrado de Howel es su homenaje a Eduardo el Viejo en 918. A partir de entonces, asistió a menudo a la corte inglesa, y su nombre se encuentra como testigo de 12 cartas de Athelstan y Edred entre 928 y 949. Howel fue el único gobernante galés que emitió sus propias monedas. Es recordado principalmente por la codificación de la ley galesa que se le atribuye. Aunque no hay registro contemporáneo de este trabajo, Howel fue ciertamente responsable de una coordinación de la ley preexistente. Hay biografías de J.E. Lloyd (1928) y J.G. Edwards (1929). Derechos de autor © 1994-2001 Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.com/~summer/Owen.htm
Hywel Dda, (en inglés: Hywel the Good; , a veces anglicanizado como Howell el Bueno) fue un rey bien considerado de Deheubarth en el suroeste de Gales, quien, usando su astucia, finalmente llegó a gobernar Gales desde Prestatyn hasta Pembroke. Como descendiente de Rhodri Mawr a través de su padre Cadell, Hywel fue miembro de la rama Dinefwr de la dinastía y también se llama Hywel ap Cadell. Fue registrado como Rey de los Britanos en los Annales Cambriae y los Anales de Ulster.
Es recordado como uno de los gobernantes galeses nativos más responsables de todos los tiempos. Su nombre está particularmente ligado con el desarrollo de las leyes galesas, generalmente conocidas como las Leyes de Hywel Dda. La última parte de su nombre ('Dda' o 'Bueno') se refiere al hecho de que sus leyes eran justas y buenas. El historiador Dafydd Jenkins ve en ellos compasión en lugar de castigo, mucho sentido común y un sentido de respeto hacia las mujeres.
Hywel Dda era ciertamente un hombre bien educado, incluso para los estándares modernos, que tenía un buen conocimiento del galés, el latín y el inglés.
En abril de 2008, una fusión de Pembrokeshire & Derwen, Ceredigion y Mid Wales, y Carmarthenshire NHS Trusts fue nombrada Hywel Dda NHS Trust en su honor.
Fue en peregrinación a Roma en 928
Véase también Wikipedia
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hywel_Dda
Hywel Dda, también conocido como Hywel el Bueno (a veces anglicanizado como Howell el Bueno), fue un rey bien considerado de Deheubarth en el suroeste de Gales, quien, usando su astucia, finalmente llegó a gobernar Gales desde Prestatyn hasta Pembroke.
También fue llamado Hywel ap Cadell. Ahora se piensa que su nombre era en realidad Hywel Ddu (Aullido el Negro).
Es recordado como uno de los gobernantes galeses nativos más responsables de todos los tiempos y fue conocido como el Rey de los Britons. Su nombre está particularmente ligado con el desarrollo de las leyes galesas, generalmente conocidas como las Leyes de Hywel Dda. La última parte de su nombre ('Dda' o 'Bueno') se refiere al hecho de que sus leyes eran justas y buenas. El historiador Dafydd Jenkins ve en ellos compasión en lugar de castigo, mucho sentido común y un sentido de respeto hacia las mujeres (algo inaudito en otras leyes en toda Europa hasta hace poco)
Hywel Dda era ciertamente un hombre bien educado, incluso para los estándares modernos, con un buen conocimiento del latín, el inglés y el galés. De las 42 copias de las leyes escritas durante su vida, 36 fueron escritas en galés y seis en inglés.
Consulte http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hywel_Dda para obtener más información.
Hywel Dda
De Wikipedia, la enciclopedia libre
Hywel Dda (c. 880?–950), (inglés Hywel el Bueno, a veces anglicanizado a Howell el Bueno) fue un rey bien considerado [1] de Deheubarth en el suroeste de Gales, quien, usando su astucia, finalmente llegó a gobernar Gales desde Prestatyn hasta Pembroke[2]. Como descendiente de Rhodri Mawr a través de su padre Cadell, Hywel fue miembro de la rama Dinefwr de la dinastía y también se llama Hywel ap Cadell.
Es recordado como uno de los gobernantes galeses nativos más responsables de todos los tiempos. Su nombre está particularmente ligado con el desarrollo de las leyes galesas, generalmente conocidas como las Leyes de Hywel Dda. La última parte de su nombre ('Dda' o 'Bueno') se refiere al hecho de que sus leyes eran justas y buenas. El historiador Dafydd Jenkins ve en ellos compasión en lugar de castigo, mucho sentido común y un sentido de respeto hacia las mujeres (algo inaudito en otras leyes en toda Europa hasta hace poco)[3]
Hywel Dda era ciertamente un hombre bien educado, incluso para los estándares modernos, que tenía un buen conocimiento del galés, el latín y el inglés. [4]
En abril de 2008, una fusión de Pembrokeshire & Derwen, Ceredigion y Mid Wales, y Carmarthenshire NHS Trusts fue nombrada Hywel Dda NHS Trust en su honor.
Biografía
Hywel nació alrededor de 880, el hijo menor de Cadell ap Rhodri, hijo de Rhodri el Grande. En 905, Cadell, habiendo conquistado Dyfed, se lo dio a su hijo para que gobernara en su nombre. Hywel pudo consolidar su posición al casarse con Elen, cuyo padre Llywarch ap Hyfaidd había gobernado Dyfed hasta su muerte. Tras la muerte de su padre en 909, adquirió una parte de Seisyllwg, y a la muerte de su hermano en 920, fusionó Dyfed y Seisyllwg, creando para sí mismo un nuevo reino, que se conoció como Deheubarth. Tras la muerte de su primo Idwal Foel en 942, también se apoderó del Reino de Gwynedd.
[editar] Logros
[editar] Paz con Wessex
El reinado de Hywel fue violento, y logró un entendimiento con Athelstan de Inglaterra. Athelstan y Hywel gobernaron parte de Gales conjuntamente. Tal era la relación entre los países vecinos que Hywel pudo acuñar su propia moneda en la ciudad inglesa de Chester. Fue el primer gobernante galés en producir monedas durante al menos mil años, desde la acuñación de sus predecesores celtas. Su estudio de los sistemas legales y su peregrinación a Roma en 928 se combinaron para permitirle formular ideas avanzadas sobre la ley. Un estudio comparativo del derecho y la legislación en ese momento revela una profunda preocupación por el derecho y su documentación en toda Europa y también en el mundo islámico, siendo las escuelas de traducción de la ley islámica de Córdoba un buen ejemplo, del griego al árabe y al latín. El libro Hywel 'Law' fue escrito en parte en latín, sobre las leyes de la corte, la ley del país y la ley de los jueces.
Las opiniones varían en cuanto a los motivos de la estrecha asociación de Hywel con la corte de Athelstan. J.E. Lloyd afirmó que Hywel era un admirador de Wessex[5], mientras que D.P. Kirby sugiere que puede haber sido la acción de un pragmático que reconoció las realidades del poder en la Gran Bretaña de mediados del siglo 10. [6] Es notable que le dio a uno de sus hijos un nombre anglosajón, Edwin. Sus políticas con respecto a Inglaterra evidentemente no eran del gusto de todos sus súbditos. Athelstan y Hywel tenían intereses similares. Ambos desarrollaron una acuñación; Ambos tenían un reino; a ambos se les atribuyó un libro de Derecho. Hywel era consciente del mayor poder y accedió a él.
Un poema en galés titulado Armes Prydein, considerado por Sir Ifor Williams como escrito en Deheubarth durante el reinado de Hywel, pedía a los galeses que se unieran a una confederación de todos los pueblos no ingleses de Gran Bretaña e Irlanda para luchar contra los sajones. El poema puede estar vinculado a la alianza de los reinos nórdicos y celtas que desafiaron a Athelstan en la batalla de Brunanburh en 937. [cita requerida] Ninguna fuerza galesa se unió a esta alianza, y esto bien pudo haber sido debido a la influencia de Hywel. [cita requerida] Por otro lado, tampoco envió tropas para apoyar a Athelstan.
[editar] Derecho galés
La conferencia celebrada en Whitland alrededor de 945, fue una asamblea en la que la ley galesa fue codificada y establecida por escrito para la posteridad. Según la tradición, gran parte del trabajo fue realizado por el célebre empleado, Blegywryd. Tras la muerte de Hywel, su reino pronto se dividió en tres. Gwynedd fue reclamada por los hijos de Idwal Foel, mientras que Deheubarth fue dividida entre los hijos de Hywel. Sin embargo, su legado perduró en la forma de sus leyes, que permanecieron en uso activo en todo Gales hasta la conquista y no fueron abolidas por el Parlamento inglés hasta el siglo 16. Una copia sobreviviente de un texto latino de la Ley (ms Peniarth 28) se conserva en la Biblioteca Nacional de Gales en Aberystwyth y se puede ver en línea. [1] Más de 30 manuscritos fueron seleccionados recientemente para una discusión de la "Ley" de Hywel, por un profesor galés de estudios medievales, Hywel Emanuel. Solo cinco de ellos se consideraron de suficiente antigüedad, que datan del siglo 13 o antes, para merecer una atención seria. Tres de ellos estaban en latín y dos en galés.
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See Peter Bartrum, https://cadair.aber.ac.uk/dspace/bitstream/handle/2160/6516/TABLES%... (May 27, 2018; Anne Brannen, curator)
Please see Darrell Wolcott: Bartrum's "Pedigrees of the Welsh Tribal Patriarchs" #14 Mam Tudor Trefor; http://www.ancientwalesstudies.org/id182.html. (Steven Ferry, September 20, 2019.)
Please see Darrell Wolcott: The Royal Family of Powys - Powys Succession after 823; http://www.ancientwalesstudies.org/id13.html. (Steven Ferry, October 15, 2019.)
Please see Darrell Wolcott: The Royal Family of Gwynedd - Ancient Lordship of Gower; http://www.ancientwalesstudies.org/id162.html.(Steven Ferry, January 18, 2020.)
Please see Darrell Wolcott: The Royal Family of Gwynedd - Wikipedia's Lame Biography of Rhodri Mawr; http://www.ancientwalesstudies.org/id165.html. (Steven Ferry, January 26, 2020.)
Please see Darrell Wolcott: What Really Happened in Deheubarth in 1022?; http://www.ancientwalesstudies.org/id216.html. (Steven Ferry, May 28, 2020.)
Please see Darrell Wolcott: Edwin of Tegeingl and His Family - The Ancestry of Edwin of Tegeingl; http://www.ancientwalesstudies.org/id42.html. (Steven Ferry, June 5, 2020.)
Please see Darrell Wolcott: Edwin of Tegeingl and His Family - Was Owain ap Edwin Really a Traitor; http://www.ancientwalesstudies.org/id87.html. (Steven Ferry, June 8, 2020.)
Please see Darrell Wolcott: Maredudd ap Owain, King of Deheubarth; http://www.ancientwalesstudies.org/id206.html. (Steven Ferry, July 17, 2020.)
Please see Darrell Wolcott: Two Families Headed by a Rhydderch ap Iestyn; http://www.ancientwalesstudies.org/id212.html. (Steven Ferry, July 18, 2020.)
Please see Darrell Wolcott: The Era of Llewelyn ap Seisyll; http://www.ancientwalesstudies.org/id207.html. (Steven Ferry, July 19, 2020.)
Please see Darrell Wolcott; The First Wife of Bleddyn ap Cynfyn; http://www.ancientwalesstudies.org/id148.html. (Steven Ferry, July 23, 2020.)
Please see Darrell Wolcott: Hywel ap Gronwy of Deheubarth; http://www.ancientwalesstudies.org/id71.html. (Steven Ferry, July 24, 2020.)
Please see Darrell Wolcott: The Enigmatic Elystan Glodrydd; http://www.ancientwalesstudies.org/id199.html. (Steven Ferry, August 11, 2020.)
Please see Darrell Wolcott: The Unofficial "History" of Elystan of Powys; http://www.ancientwalesstudies.org/id230.html. (Steven Ferry, August 12, 2020.)
Please see Darrell Wolcott: Owain ap Cadwgan and Nest ferch Rhys-an Historic Fiction?; http://www.ancientwalesstudies.org/id160.html. (Steven Ferry, August 14, 2020)
Please see Darrell Wolcott: The Men of Lleyn - How They Got There; http://www.ancientwalesstudies.org/id118.html. (Steven Ferry, August 17, 2020.)
Please see Darrell Wolcott: King of England Mediates Welsh Dispute; http://www.ancientwalesstudies.org/id228.html. (Steven Ferry, August 21, 2020.)
Please see Darrell Wolcott: Eidio Wyllt - What Was His Birthname?; http://www.ancientwalesstudies.org/id156.html. (Steven Ferry, September 9, 2020.)
Please see Darrell Wolcott: The Legendary Kingdom of Seisyllwg; http://www.ancientwalesstudies.org/id123.html. (Steven Ferry, September 11, 2020.)
Please see Darrell Wolcott: Early Ceredigion and its Rulers; http://www.ancientwalesstudies.org/id158.html. (Steven Ferry, September 11, 2020.)
Please see Darrell Wolcott: Llewelyn ap Hoedliw, Lord of Is Cerdin; http://www.ancientwalesstudies.org/id154.html. (Steven Ferry, September 11, 2020.)
Please see Darrell Wolcott: Gruffudd ap Rhys, the Homeless Prince; http://www.ancientwalesstudies.org/id197.html. (Steven Ferry, September 14, 2020.)
Please see Darrell Wolcott: Harleian Ms 3859; http://www.ancientwalesstudies.org/id129.html. (Steven Ferry, March 8, 2021.)
Please see Darrell Wolcott: Selyf, "Brennin" Dyfed; http://www.ancientwalesstudies.org/id261.html. (Steven Ferry, March 18, 2021.)
Please see Darrell Wolcott: The Children of Rhodri Mawr; http://www.ancientwalesstudies.org/id264.html. (Steven Ferry, April 6, 2021.)
Please see Darrell Wolcott: Refugees From Strathclyde Come to Gwynedd; http://www.ancientwalesstudies.org/id269.html. (Steven Ferry, June 8, 2021.)
Please see Darrell Wolcott: The Clan of Tudor Trevor; http://www.ancientwalesstudies.org/id55.html. (Steven Ferry, May 5, 2022.)
Please see Darrell Wolcott: Ancestry of King Rhys ap Tewdwr of Deheubarth; http://www.ancientwalesstudies.org/id309.html (Steven Ferry, January 4, 2023.)
------------------------------------------------------------
Hywell Dda(the Good) http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/printable/13968
(-[948/50]) Son of Cadell & Unknown mother
Married ([904]%29 ELEN of Dyfed, daughter and heiress of LLYWARCH ap Hyfaidd King of Dyfed & his wife --- (-[943]). ===
The Gwentian Chronicle records that "his son Hywel was made king of Ceredigion" in 900 after the death of "Cadell son of Rhodri the Great"[100]. He succeeded his father in 909 as King of Deheubarth. The Gwentian Chronicle records that "Anarawd son of Rhodri the Great, king of the Britons" died in 913 and then "Hywel son of Cadell ruled over all Wales"[101]. The Chronicle of the Princes of Wales records that "king Howel the Good, son of Cadell, went to Rome" in 926[102]. King of Gwynedd. Athelstan King of Wessex agreed the frontier with the Welsh princes along the river Wye at a meeting in Hereford in [930], exacting a heavy tribute from them. Hywel visited Athelstan King of Wessex many times between 931 and 937, and was influenced by English life and methods of government[103]. The Gwentian Chronicle records that "Eidwal the Bald, son of Anarawd being dead, Hywel took upon himself the government of all Wales" in 943[104]. The Annales Cambriæ record the death in 950 of "Higuel rex Brittonum"[105]. The Chronicle of the Princes of Wales records that "Howel the Good, son of king Cadell, chief and glory of all the Britons" died in 948[106]. The Gwentian Chronicle records that "Hywel the Good, son of Cadell king of all Wales" died in 948[107]. m ([904]%29 ELEN of Dyfed, daughter and heiress of LLYWARCH ap Hyfaidd King of Dyfed & his wife --- (-[943]). The primary source which confirms her parentage has not yet been identified. The Gwentian Chronicle records that "Elen wife of Hywel the Good" died in 943[108].
Hywel & his wife had four children:
i) DYVNWAL (-951). The Chronicle of the Princes of Wales records that "Dyvenwal and Rhodri sons of Howel" died in 951[109].
ii) RHODRI (-[951/54]). King of Gwynedd, jointly with his brothers. The Annales Cambriæ record the death in 954 of "Rotri filius Higuel"[110]. The Chronicle of the Princes of Wales records that "Dyvenwal and Rhodri sons of Howel" died in 951[111].
iii) EDWIN (-952). King of Gwynedd, jointly with his brothers. The Chronicle of the Princes of Wales records that "Edwin son of Howel the Good" died in 952[112].
iv) OWAIN ap Hywel (-[987/88]). The Gwentian Chronicle records that "his son Owain took the rule of Ceredigion" after the death of "Hywel the Good, son of Cadell king of all Wales" in 948[113]. King of Gwynedd, jointly with his brothers.
Hywell ap Cadell(son of Cadell)
CADELL
(-[900/09]). The Gwentian Chronicle records the division of territories effected by "Rhodri the Great" and that "Cadell his eldest son had Ceredigion and his palace at Dinevwr…[with] the supremacy to the oldest of the three diademed princes"[94]. King of Ceredigion. The Gwentian Chronicle records that "Cadell son of Rhodri subjugated his brother Mervyn and took Powys from him, and then ruled over all Wales" in 877[95]. The Gwentian Chronicle records that "Anarawd king of Gwynedd devastated Ceredigion, the territory of his brother Cadell" in 892[96]. King of Deheubarth. The Annales Cambriæ record the death in 909 of "Catell filius Rodri rex"[97]. The Chronicle of the Princes of Wales records the death in 907 of "Cadell son of Rhodri"[98]. The Gwentian Chronicle records that "Cadell son of Rhodri the Great" died in 900[99]. m ---. The name of Cadell´s wife is not known. Cadell & his wife had three children
Hywel Dda is also notable as possibly the only early medieval Welsh ruler to have issued coinage. However, the single example, bearing the legend ‘Howæl Rex’, may have had more a ceremonial than a monetary function. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hywel_Dda Hywel Dda From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Hywel Dda (c. 880?–950), (English Hywel the Good, sometimes anglicized to Howell the Good) was originally king of Deheubarth in south-west Wales but eventually came to rule most of Wales. As a descendant of Rhodri Mawr through his father Cadell, Hywel was a member of the Dinefwr branch of the dynasty.
He is remembered as one of the most successful native Welsh rulers prior to the Norman Conquest, and was known as King of the Britons. His name is particularly linked with the development of the Welsh laws, often called the Laws of Hywel.
Biography
Hywel was born in around 880, the younger son of Cadell ap Rhodri, himself the son of Rhodri the Great. In 905, Cadell, having conquered Dyfed, gave it to his son to rule on his behalf. Hywel was able to consolidate his position by marrying Elen, whose father Llywarch ap Hyfaidd had ruled Dyfed until his death. Following his father's death in 909, he acquired a share of Seisyllwg, and on his brother's death in 920, he merged Dyfed and Seisyllwg, creating for himself a new kingdom, which became known as Deheubarth. Following the death of his cousin Idwal Foel in 942, he also seized the principality of Gwynedd, becoming ruler of about three-quarters of present-day Wales.
Accomplishments
Peace with England
Hywel's reign, uncharacteristically for the time, was a peaceful one, and he achieved an understanding with Athelstan of England. Such was the relationship between the neighbouring countries that Hywel was able to mint his own coinage in the English city of Chester. He was the only Welsh ruler ever to produce coinage. His study of the English legal system and his visit to Rome in 928 (on a pilgrimage) combined to enable him to formulate advanced ideas about government. (He would possibly have a chance to meet either of the Popes John X, Leo VI and Stephen VII who were active during that year).
Opinions vary as to the motives for Hywel's close association with the court of Athelstan. J.E. Lloyd saw him as an enthusiastic anglophile and admirer of the kings of Wessex,[1] while D.P. Kirby suggests that it may rather be the action of a pragmatist who recognized the realities of power in mid-10th century Britain.[2] It is notable that he gave one of his sons an Anglo-Saxon name, Edwin. His policies with regard to England were evidently not to the taste of all his subjects. A Welsh language poem entitled Armes Prydein, considered by Sir Ifor Williams to have been written in Deheubarth during Hywel's reign, called for the Welsh to join a confederation of all the non-English peoples of Britain and Ireland to fight the Saxons. The poem may well be linked to the alliance of Norse and Celtic kingdoms which challenged Athelstan at the Battle of Brunanburh in 937. No Welsh forces joined this alliance, and this may well have been because of the influence of Hywel; on the other hand neither did he send troops to support Athelstan.
The law
The conference held at Whitland in about 945, was a kind of parliament in which Welsh law was codified and set down in writing for posterity, much of the work being done by the celebrated clerk, Blegywryd. Following Hywel's death, his kingdom was soon split into three. Gwynedd was reclaimed by the sons of Idwal Foel, while Deheubarth was divided between Hywel's sons. However, his legacy endured in the form of his enlightened laws, which remained in active use throughout Wales until the conquest and were not abolished by the English Parliament until the 16th century. A surviving copy of the Law (mss Peniarth 28) is held at The National Library of Wales in Aberystwyth and can be seen online.[1]
References
1. ^ John Edward Lloyd (1911). A history of Wales: from the earliest times to the Edwardian conquest. Longmans, Green & Co.
2. ^ D.P. Kirby, Hywel Dda: Anglophile?, Welsh Historical Review, 8 (1976-7)
Hywel took over the southern kingdom of Dyfed upon the death of his father-in-law (which he may have arranged) in 904. He shared lands in Ceredigon and Ystrad Tywi with his brothers after the death of their father. He united their inheritance in 920, creating the kingdom of Deheubarth, and accuired Gwynedd after the death of Idwal Foel in 942.
Hywel's greatest achievement was to create the first uniform legal system in Wales. They were called cyfraith Hywel (Hywel's laws) and it was later claimed that he took these laws to Rome on his pilgrimage in 928 and had them blessed by the Pope.
Upon Hywel's death some of his kingdom was broken away. Gwynedd and Powys returned to the line of Idwal ap Anarawd. Glamorgan continued to be subjects of its own kings. Deheubarth passed to Hywel's son, Owain.
Name: Hywel 'Dda' Ap Cadell 1
Sex: M
Birth: ABT 887 in Deheubarth, Wales 1
Death: ABT 950 1
Note:
Prince of Deheubarth[JohnFaye (8 Jun 05).FTW]
Prince of Deheubarth
Father: Cadell Ap Rhodri Mawr King Of South Wales b: ABT 861 in Deheubarth, Wales
Mother: Rheingar Of Dehelibarth b: ABT 865 in Carmarthenshire, Wales
Marriage 1 Elen Verch Llywarch Of Dyfed b: ABT 893 in Dyfed, Wales
Children
Owain Ap Hywel Dda King Of South Wales b: ABT 913 in Dynevor, Llandyfeisant, Carmarthenshire, Wales
http://wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=jcrow&id=...
***********************************************
Individual Record FamilySearch™ Pedigree Resource ile
Howell * ap Cadell Compact Disc #137 Pin #951706 Pedigree Sex: M
Event(s)
Birth: abt 0885 Tegaingle,Flint,Wales
Death: 0950
Parents
Father: Cadell ap Rhodri Prince Disc #137 Pin #951703
Mother: Angharad * ap Meric Disc #137 Pin #951702
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Marriage(s)
Spouse: Elena * verch Llewelyn Disc #137 Pin #951705
Marriage:
Spouse: Elena * verch Llewelyn Disc #137 Pin #958186
Marriage:
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Howel Dda ap Cadell Pedigree
Male Family
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Event(s):
Birth: About 0876 Of Dehenbarth-King, , , Wales
Christening:
Death: 0950
Burial:
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Parents:
Father: Cadell ap Roderick The Great Family
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Marriages:
Spouse: Unavailable Family
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Messages:
Record submitted by a member of the LDS Church
Hywel took over the southern kingdom of Dyfed upon the death of his father-in-law (which he may have arranged) in 904. He shared lands in Ceredigon and Ystrad Tywi with his brothers after the death of their father. He united their inheritance in 920, creating the kingdom of Deheubarth, and accuired Gwynedd after the death of Idwal Foel in 942.
Hywel's greatest achievement was to create the first uniform legal system in Wales. They were called cyfraith Hywel (Hywel's laws) and it was later claimed that he took these laws to Rome on his pilgrimage in 928 and had them blessed by the Pope.
Upon Hywel's death some of his kingdom was broken away. Gwynedd and Powys returned to the line of Idwal ap Anarawd. Glamorgan continued to be subjects of its own kings. Deheubarth passed to Hywel's son, Owain.
Hywel took over the southern kingdom of Dyfed upon the death of his father-in-law (which he may have arranged) in 904. He shared lands in Ceredigon and Ystrad Tywi with his brothers after the death of their father. He united their inheritance in 920, creating the kingdom of Deheubarth, and accuired Gwynedd after the death of Idwal Foel in 942.
Hywel's greatest achievement was to create the first uniform legal system in Wales. They were called cyfraith Hywel (Hywel's laws) and it was later claimed that he took these laws to Rome on his pilgrimage in 928 and had them blessed by the Pope.
Upon Hywel's death some of his kingdom was broken away. Gwynedd and Powys returned to the line of Idwal ap Anarawd. Glamorgan continued to be subjects of its own kings. Deheubarth passed to Hywel's son, Owain.
King of all Wales [except Gwent & Glamorgan]. Reign: 916-950
Codified the laws of Wales
916-950 Reign
BIOGRAPHY: (Welsh), English Hywel The Good (d. AD 950), chieftain called in the prologues to the Welsh lawbooks "king of all Wales." This epithet was indeed appropriate for Howel, particularly during the last years of his reign. He became ruler of Seisyllwg (roughly the area of Dyfed and the Towy Valley) jointly with his brother Clydog after the death of their father, Cadell (c. 910), but after Clydog's death in 920 he ruled alone. Sovereignty over Dyfed in southwest Wales came to him through his wife, Elen, daughter of Llywarch ap Hyfaidd (d. 904), the last king of its dynasty; he acquired Gwynedd, in northwest Wales, and probably Powis, in northeast Wales, on the death of his cousin Idwal Foel ap Anarawd, in 942. Howel's reign was remarkable for its peacefulness, the result of his consistent policy of subservience to England. Howel's first recorded act is his homage to Edward the Elder in 918. Thereafter, he often attended the English court, and his name is found as a witness to 12 charters of Athelstan and Edred between 928 and 949. Howel was the only Welsh ruler to issue his own coins. He is remembered chiefly for the codification of Welsh law attributed to him. Although there is no contemporary record of this work, Howel was certainly responsible for a coordination of preexisting law. There are biographies by J.E. Lloyd (1928) and J.G. Edwards (1929). Copyright © 1994-2001 Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.com/~summer/Owen.htm
Hywel Dda, (English: Hywel the Good;, sometimes anglicized to Howell the Good) was a well-thought-of king of Deheubarth in south-west Wales, who, using his cunning, eventually came to rule Wales from Prestatyn to Pembroke. As a descendant of Rhodri Mawr through his father Cadell, Hywel was a member of the Dinefwr branch of the dynasty and is also named Hywel ap Cadell. He was recorded as King of the Britons in the Annales Cambriae and the Annals of Ulster.
He is remembered as one of the most responsible native Welsh rulers of all time. His name is particularly linked with the development of the Welsh laws, generally known as the Laws of Hywel Dda. The latter part of his name ('Dda' or 'Good') refers to the fact that his laws were just and good. The historian Dafydd Jenkins sees in them compassion rather than punishment, plenty of common sense and a sense of respect towards women.
Hywel Dda was certainly a well-educated man, even by modern standards, having a good knowledge of Welsh, Latin, and English.
In April 2008 a merger of Pembrokeshire & Derwen, Ceredigion and Mid Wales, and Carmarthenshire NHS Trusts was named the Hywel Dda NHS Trust in his honour.
Went on a Pilgrimage to Rome in 928
See also Wikipedia
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hywel_Dda
Hywel Dda, also known as Hywel the Good (sometimes anglicized to Howell the Good), was a well-thought-of king of Deheubarth in southwest Wales, who, using his cunning, eventually came to rule Wales from Prestatyn to Pembroke.
He was also called Hywel ap Cadell. It is now thought that his name was actually Hywel Ddu (Howel the Black).
He is remembered as one of the most responsible native Welsh rulers of all time and was known as King of the Britons. His name is particularly linked with the development of the Welsh laws, generally known as the Laws of Hywel Dda. The latter part of his name ('Dda' or 'Good') refers to the fact that his laws were just and good. The historian Dafydd Jenkins sees in them compassion rather than punishment, plenty of common sense and a sense of respect toward women (something unheard of in other laws throughout Europe until recently)
Hywel Dda was certainly a well-educated man, even by modern standards, having a good knowledge of Latin, English, and Welsh. Of the 42 copies of the laws written during his lifetime, 36 were written in Welsh and six in English.
See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hywel_Dda for more information.
Hywel Dda
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Hywel Dda (c. 880?–950), (English Hywel the Good, sometimes anglicized to Howell the Good) was a well-thought-of king [1]of Deheubarth in south-west Wales, who, using his cunning, eventually came to rule Wales from Prestatyn to Pembroke[2]. As a descendant of Rhodri Mawr through his father Cadell, Hywel was a member of the Dinefwr branch of the dynasty and is also named Hywel ap Cadell.
He is remembered as one of the most responsible native Welsh rulers of all time. His name is particularly linked with the development of the Welsh laws, generally known as the Laws of Hywel Dda. The latter part of his name ('Dda' or 'Good') refers to the fact that his laws were just and good. The historian Dafydd Jenkins sees in them compassion rather than punishment, plenty of common sense and a sense of respect towards women (something unheard of in other laws throughout Europe until recently)[3]
Hywel Dda was certainly a well-educated man, even by modern standards, having a good knowledge of Welsh, Latin, and English.[4]
In April 2008 a merger of Pembrokeshire & Derwen, Ceredigion and Mid Wales, and Carmarthenshire NHS Trusts was named the Hywel Dda NHS Trust in his honour.
Biography
Hywel was born at around 880, the younger son of Cadell ap Rhodri, himself the son of Rhodri the Great. In 905, Cadell, having conquered Dyfed, gave it to his son to rule on his behalf. Hywel was able to consolidate his position by marrying Elen, whose father Llywarch ap Hyfaidd had ruled Dyfed until his death. Following his father's death in 909, he acquired a share of Seisyllwg, and on his brother's death in 920, he merged Dyfed and Seisyllwg, creating for himself a new kingdom, which became known as Deheubarth. Following the death of his cousin Idwal Foel in 942, he also seized the Kingdom of Gwynedd.
[edit]Accomplishments
[edit]Peace with Wessex
Hywel's reign was a violent one, and he achieved an understanding with Athelstan of England. Athelstan and Hywel ruled part of Wales jointly. Such was the relationship between the neighbouring countries that Hywel was able to mint his own coinage in the English city of Chester. He was the first Welsh ruler to produce coinage for at least a thousand years, since the coinage of his Celtic predecessors. His study of legal systems and his pilgrimage to Rome in 928 combined to enable him to formulate advanced ideas about law. A comparative study of law and lawmaking at the time reveals a deep concern for law and its documentation throughout Europe and also the Islamic world, the Cordoba Islamic Law translation schools being a fine example, from Greek to Arabic to Latin. The Hywel 'Law' book was written partly in Latin, about laws of court, law of country and the law of justices.
Opinions vary as to the motives for Hywel's close association with the court of Athelstan. J.E. Lloyd claimed Hywel was an admirer of Wessex[5], while D.P. Kirby suggests that it may have been the action of a pragmatist who recognized the realities of power in mid-10th century Britain.[6] It is notable that he gave one of his sons an Anglo-Saxon name, Edwin. His policies with regard to England were evidently not to the taste of all his subjects. Athelstan and Hywel had similar interests. They both developed a coinage; they both had a kingdom; both were attributed a Law book. Hywel was aware of the greater power and acceded to it.
A Welsh language poem entitled Armes Prydein, considered by Sir Ifor Williams to have been written in Deheubarth during Hywel's reign, called for the Welsh to join a confederation of all the non-English peoples of Britain and Ireland to fight the Saxons. The poem may be linked to the alliance of Norse and Celtic kingdoms which challenged Athelstan at the Battle of Brunanburh in 937.[citation needed] No Welsh forces joined this alliance, and this may well have been because of the influence of Hywel.[citation needed] On the other hand neither did he send troops to support Athelstan.
[edit]Welsh Law
The conference held at Whitland circa 945, was an assembly in which Welsh law was codified and set down in writing for posterity. According to tradition, much of the work was done by the celebrated clerk, Blegywryd. Following Hywel's death, his kingdom was soon split into three. Gwynedd was reclaimed by the sons of Idwal Foel, while Deheubarth was divided between Hywel's sons. However, his legacy endured in the form of his laws, which remained in active use throughout Wales until the conquest and were not abolished by the English Parliament until the 16th century. A surviving copy of a Latin text of the Law (ms Peniarth 28) is held at The National Library of Wales in Aberystwyth and can be seen online.[1] More than 30 manuscripts were recently selected for a discussion of the "Law" of Hywel, by a Welsh professor of Medieval studies, Hywel Emanuel. Only five of them were considered to be of sufficient antiquity, dating back to the 13thC or earlier, to merit serious attention. Three of them were in Latin and two in Welsh.
[edit]References
^ 'Hanes Cymru' by Prof. John Davies, Penguin Books; Page 86
^ 'Hanes Cymru' by Prof. John Davies, Penguin Books; Page 85
^ 'Hanes Cymru' by Prof. John Davies, Penguin Books; Page 86
^ 'Hanes Cymru' by Prof. John Davies, Penguin Books; Page 86
^ John Edward Lloyd (1911). A history of Wales: from the earliest times to the Edwardian conquest. Longmans, Green & Co.
^ D.P. Kirby, Hywel Dda: Anglophile?, Welsh Historical Review, 8 (1976-7)
Hywel (The Good) ap Cadell & Elen verch Llywarch
They had eight sons and two daughters, named Owain, Maredydd, Rhodri, Rhain, Dyfnwal, Edwin, Cynan, Einion, Angharad and Gwenllian.
Personal Details
Hywel (The Good) ap Cadell
Hywel, known as The Good, was born about 0880.1 He died in 0950.1
Elen verch Llywarch
Elen was born about 0893 in Dynevor, Llandyfeisant, Carmarthenshire, Wales.1 She died in 0943.1
Children
Angharad verch Hywel
Angharad was born about 0912 in Dynevor, Llandyfeisant, Carmarthenshire, Wales.2
Owain ap Hywel
Owain was born about 0913 in Dynevor, Llandyfeisant, Carmarthenshire, Wales.3 3
Maredydd ap Hywel
Maredydd was born about 0914.2
Rhodri ap Hywel
Rhodri was born about 0916.2
Gwenllian verch Hywel
Gwenllian was born about 0917.2
Rhain ap Hywel
Rhain was born about 0919.2
Dyfnwal ap Hywel
Dyfnwal was born about 0922.2
Edwin ap Hywel
Edwin was born about 0923.2
Cynan ap Hywel
Cynan was born about 0925.2
Einion ap Hywel
Einion was born about 0926.2
From Wikipedia -
Hywel Dda (c. 880 – 950), (English: Hywel the Good;, sometimes anglicized to Howell the Good) was a well-thought-of king of Deheubarth in south-west Wales, who, using his cunning, eventually came to rule Wales from Prestatyn to Pembroke. As a descendant of Rhodri Mawr through his father Cadell, Hywel was a member of the Dinefwr branch of the dynasty and is also named Hywel ap Cadell. He was recorded as King of the Britons in the Annales Cambriae and the Annals of Ulster.
He is remembered as one of the most responsible native Welsh rulers of all time. His name is particularly linked with the development of the Welsh laws, generally known as the Laws of Hywel Dda. The latter part of his name ('Dda' or 'Good') refers to the fact that his laws were just and good. The historian Dafydd Jenkins sees in them compassion rather than punishment, plenty of common sense and a sense of respect towards women.
Hywel Dda was certainly a well-educated man, even by modern standards, having a good knowledge of Welsh, Latin, and English.
Hywel was born at around 880, the younger son of Cadell, himself the son of Rhodri the Great. In 905, Cadell, having conquered Dyfed, gave it to his son to rule on his behalf. Hywel was able to consolidate his position by marrying Elen, whose father Llywarch ap Hyfaidd had ruled Dyfed until his death. Following his father's death in 909, he acquired a share of Seisyllwg, and on his brother's death in 920, he merged Dyfed and Seisyllwg, creating for himself a new kingdom, which became known as Deheubarth. Following the death of his cousin Idwal Foel in 942, he also seized the Kingdom of Gwynedd.
[edit] Accomplishments
[edit] Peace with Wessex
Hywel's reign was a violent one, and he achieved an understanding with Athelstan of England. Athelstan and Hywel ruled part of Wales jointly. Such was the relationship between the neighbouring countries that Hywel was able to mint his own coinage in the English city of Chester. He was the first Welsh ruler to produce coinage for at least a thousand years, since the coinage of his Celtic predecessors. His study of legal systems and his pilgrimage to Rome in 928 combined to enable him to formulate advanced ideas about law. A comparative study of law and lawmaking at the time reveals a deep concern for law and its documentation throughout Europe and also the Islamic world, the Cordoba Islamic Law translation schools being a fine example, from Greek to Arabic to Latin. The Hywel 'Law' book was written partly in Latin, about laws of court, law of country and the law of justices.
Opinions vary as to the motives for Hywel's close association with the court of Athelstan. J.E. Lloyd claimed Hywel was an admirer of Wessex[3], while D.P. Kirby suggests that it may have been the action of a pragmatist who recognized the realities of power in mid-10th century Britain.[4] It is notable that he gave one of his sons an Anglo-Saxon name, Edwin. His policies with regard to England were evidently not to the taste of all his subjects. Athelstan and Hywel had similar interests. They both developed a coinage; they both had a kingdom; both were attributed a Law book. Hywel was aware of the greater power and acceded to it.
A Welsh language poem entitled Armes Prydein, considered by Sir Ifor Williams to have been written in Deheubarth during Hywel's reign, called for the Welsh to join a confederation of all the non-English peoples of Britain and Ireland to fight the Saxons. The poem may be linked to the alliance of Norse and Celtic kingdoms which challenged Athelstan at the Battle of Brunanburh in 937. No Welsh forces joined this alliance, and this may well have been because of the influence of Hywel. On the other hand neither did he send troops to support Athelstan.
[edit] Welsh Law
The conference held at Whitland circa 945, was an assembly in which Welsh law was codified and set down in writing for posterity. According to tradition, much of the work was done by the celebrated clerk, Blegywryd. Following Hywel's death, his kingdom was soon split into three. Gwynedd was reclaimed by the sons of Idwal Foel, while Deheubarth was divided between Hywel's sons. However, his legacy endured in the form of his laws, which remained in active use throughout Wales until the conquest and were not abolished by the English Parliament until the 16th century. A surviving copy of a Latin text of the Law (ms Peniarth 28) is held at The National Library of Wales in Aberystwyth and can be seen online.[1] More than 30 manuscripts were recently selected for a discussion of the "Law" of Hywel, by a Welsh professor of Medieval studies, Hywel Emanuel. Only five of them were considered to be of sufficient antiquity, dating back to the 13thC or earlier, to merit serious attention. Three of them were in Latin and two in Welsh.
Also called Hywel ap Cadell.6 Hywel Dda ap Cadell, Brenin Cymru also went by the name of Howel "the Good". He was the successor of Brenin Seisyllwg Cadell ap Rhodri o Gwynedd; King of Seisyllwg.7 Hywel Dda ap Cadell, Brenin Cymru was the successor of Anarawd ap Rhodri, Brenin Gwynedd; King of Deheubarth.7 Hywel Dda ap Cadell, Brenin Cymru was born in 887 at Dynevor Castle, Llandyfeisant, Carmarthenshire, Wales.5,1 He was the son of Brenin Seisyllwg Cadell ap Rhodri o Gwynedd and Rheingar (?).4,5 Hywel Dda ap Cadell, Brenin Cymru was took over Dyfed on the death of the brother (Rhodri) of his step-father, Llwyrch, in 904.8 He married Elen ferch Llywarch o Ddyfed, daughter of Brenin Ddyfed Llywarch ap Hyfaidd o Ddyfed, in 904.8,7 Hywel Dda ap Cadell, Brenin Cymru was the predecessor of Brenin Ddyfed Rhodri ap Hyfaidd o Ddyfed; King of Dyfed.7 King of Dyfed at Southwest Wales between 904 and 950.7 Hywel Dda ap Cadell, Brenin Cymru united the kingdoms of Seisyllwg and Dyfed to become the first King of South Wales (Deheubarth) in 909. King of Seisyllwg at Southwest Wales between 909 and 950.7 He shared with his brothers lands in Ceredigon and Ystrad Tywi after the death of their father, Cadell, in 910.8 King of Deheubarth at Wales between 916 and 950.7 He was united the inheritance of his brothers into his own lands in 920.8 Chronicle of Ystrad Fflur 927: "In this year Hywel ap Cadell submitted to Athelstan."9 Chronicle of Ystrad Fflur 929: "In this year Hywel ap Cadell made pilgrimage to Rome."10 He was acquired Gwynedd (North Wales) after the death of Idwal Foel in 942.8 King of Gwynedd at Northwest Wales between 942 and 950.7 Chronicle of Ystrad Fflur 945: "In this year Hywel ap Cadell ordered the laws to be codified."6 He was ruled from his principle court at Dinefwr at Wales. Chronicle of Ystrad Fflur 949: "In this year king Hywel Dda ap Cadell the head and glory of all the Britons died."11 He died in 950 at age 63 years.4,2,12,13 Annals of Ulster 950: "Hywel, king of Wales, dies. / Oel, ri Bretan, moritur."13 "In the perspective of the Dark Ages he was a powerful prince, and it may be that later generations borrowed his personal authority to buttress their own power."8 "Like his grandfather, Rhodri the Great, Hywel was given an epithet by a later generation. He became known as Hywel Dda (Hywel the Good), although it would be wrong to consider that goodness to be innocent and unblemished. In the age of Hywel, the essential attribute of a state builder was ruthlessness, an attribute which Hywel possessed, if it is true that it was he who ordered the killing of Llywarch of Dyfed, as some have claimed."8 He was the predecessor of Brenin Deheubarth Owain ap Hywel Dda; King of Deheubarth.14
Family
Elen ferch Llywarch o Ddyfed b. circa 893, d. 929
Children
* Angharad verch Hywel+ b. c 9101
* Brenin Deheubarth Owain ap Hywel Dda+ b. 913, d. 98815,4,2,16
* Rhodri ap Hywel b. c 920, d. c 953
* Edwin ap Hywel b. c 922, d. c 954
http://homepages.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~cousin/html/p321.htm#i7963
Became King of All Wales. HYWEL the Good’s two great accomplishments were to restore the unified kingdom of his grandfather RHODRI MAWR and to codify the body of Welsh law. He was also pragmatic and expedient with his powerful English neighbors and thus managed to live in peace with them.
Contemporary records show that he married ELEN, daughter of LLYWARCH ap HYFAIDD, the last of the royal line of Dyfed, who had died in 904. Her line is one of our earliest, being known back for five generations to II.398,589,988.MAREDUDD ap TEWDWS (d. 796), and this Dyfed line descended from members of an Irish tribe, the Déisi who migrated to Wales in the 4th century (Maund pp.23-24). HYWEL became the sole ruler of Deheubarth when his younger brother and coheir died in 920. With this brother and ANARAWD’s son IDWAL FOEL (the bald), he had earlier offered submission to Alfred’s son Edward the Elder in 918, and throughout his life he maintained peace with the English kings. His name is frequently mentioned in the English charters, and there is little doubt that he visited the Wessex court. In this respect he differed from his cousin IDWAL FOEL, who was uneasy in his alliance with the English. HYWEL remained sufficiently independent to mint his own silver pennies, and his pilgrimage to Rome in 928 was undertaken while in the prime of life, not as a “deathbed” repentant. When his cousin IDWAL FOEL finally revolted against the English and was defeated and killed in 942, HYWEL invaded Gwynedd and Powys, expelled his cousin’s sons, and took possession himself. By 944 he also conquered Breconshire, and thus became king of all Wales apart from Glamorgan and Monmouthshire.
This royal status prepared the way for the crowning achievement of HYWEL’s life, the codifying of Welsh law, i.e. collecting and reducing the varying royal and tribal usages that had accumulated over the centuries, into a uniform and consistent legal system. In his travels to England and abroad, HYWEL would have seen the need for such codification. He is said to have summoned six representatives from each commote to a great conference at Whitland in Carmarthenshire to undertake the task. Though no contemporary manuscripts resulting from this conference are still extant, later manuscripts are evidence of HYWEL’S work and its continuation by legal scholars.
John Davies expressed the significance of this Whitland conference: “The Law is among the most splendid creations of the culture of the Welsh. For centuries it was a powerful symbol of their unity and identity, as powerful indeed as their language, for – like the literary language – the Law was the same in its essence in all parts of Wales ..... The Law of Wales, therefore, was folk law rather than state law, and its emphasis was upon ensuring reconciliation between kinship groups rather than upon keeping order through punishment. It was not concerned with the enforcement of criminal law by the apparatus of the state.” As a result, it was humane and sensitive in unusual ways (p.88).
One of the laws held that a person’s rights and responsibilities depended on kinship, and it contained elements of mercy, common sense, and respect for women and children that would be lacking in English law until recent times. A pedigree giving the kinship group was a matter of economic and social necessity, and from the earliest times the bards were the keepers of the pedigrees. Marriage between cousins was allowed, and an illegitimate son could inherit if recognized by his father.
The type of inheritance specified in the law is called gavelkind, whereby all possessions were distributed equally among all the sons. The daughters would receive a dowry from the family when they married, so they did not inherit unless they had no brothers. The estate was divided into equal parts by the youngest son. The eldest son then had first choice, followed by the next eldest, and so on until the last part was left to the youngest. This system ensured that the subdivision was performed in a scrupulously fair manner by the latter, otherwise he would receive an inferior share. The obvious disadvantage of the gavelkind process is that over time the property became fractionated into uneconomic portions.
HYWEL’S reign had been peaceful, but after his death in 850 his sons OWAIN, Rhodri and Edwin were defeated in Gwynedd by the sons of his cousin IDWAL FOEL. Gwynedd and Deheubarth once more had different rulers. In the south, Rhodri died in 953 and Edwin in the following year, and OWAIN became the ruler of Deheubarth.
Hywel Dda (English: Hywel the Good) or Hywel ap Cadell (c.880 – 950) was a King of Deheubarth who eventually came to rule most of Wales. He became the sole king of Seisyllwg in 920 and shortly thereafter established Deheubarth, and proceeded to gain control over the entire country from Prestatyn to Pembroke.[1] As a descendant of Rhodri Mawr through his father Cadell, Hywel was a member of the Dinefwr branch of the dynasty. He was recorded as King of the Britons in the Annales Cambriae and the Annals of Ulster. Hywel is highly esteemed among other medieval Welsh rulers.[2] His name is particularly linked with the codification of traditional Welsh law, which were thenceforth known as the Laws of Hywel Dda. The latter part of his name (Dda, lit. “Good”) refers to the fact that his laws were just and good. The historian Dafydd Jenkins sees in them compassion rather than punishment, plenty of common sense and recognition of the rights of women.[2] Hywel Dda was a well-educated man even by modern standards, having a good knowledge of Welsh, Latin, and English.[2] The office building and original home of the National Assembly for Wales is named Tŷ Hywel (“Hywel House” or “Hywel's House”) in honour of Hywel Dda. The original Assembly chamber, now known as Siambr Hywel (“Hywel's Chamber”), is used for educational courses and for children and young people's debates. The local health board of south-west Wales also bears his name.
Hywel was born around 880, the son of King Cadell of Seisyllwg. He had a brother, Clydog, who was probably the younger of the two. Hywel was later reputed to have married Elen, the supposed heiress of King Llywarch of Dyfed, which connection was subsequently used to justify his family's reign over that kingdom.[3] Hywel's father Cadell had been installed as King of Seisyllwg by his father, Rhodri the Great of Gwynedd, following the drowning of the last king in the traditional line, Gwgon, in 872.[4] Following Gwgon's death, Rhodri, husband to the dead king's sister Angharad, became steward of his kingdom. This gave Rhodri no standing to claim the kingship of Seisyllwg himself, but he was able to install his son Cadell as a subject king.[4] Cadell died around 911, and his lands in Seisyllwg appears to have been divided between his two sons Hywel and Clydog.[3] Reign[edit source | editbeta]
Hywel probably already controlled Dyfed by the time he assumed his father's lands in Ceredigion. No king is recorded after the death of Llywarch in 904, and Hywel's marriage to Llywarch's only surviving heir likely ensured that the kingdom came into his hands.[5] Hywel and Clydog seem to have ruled Seisyllwg together following their father's death and jointly submitted to Edward the Elder of England in 918.[5] However, Clydog died in 920, evidently leaving the whole realm to Hywel. Hywel soon joined Seisyllwg and Dyfed into a single realm known as Deheubarth.[5] This became the first significant event of his reign.[6] In 928 Hywel made a pilgrimage to Rome, becoming the first Welsh prince to undertake such a trip and return.[7] Upon his return he forged very close relations with Athelstan of England. From the outset Athelstan's intention was to secure the submission of all other kings in Britain; unusually, Hywel embraced submission to England and used it to his advantage whenever possible.[8] Later in his reign, he was able to leverage his close association with Athelstan and the English crown to great effect in his ambitions within Wales.[9] In 942 Hywel's cousin Idwal Foel, King of Gwynedd, determined to cast off English overlordship and took up arms against the new English king, Edmund. Idwal and his brother Elisedd were both killed in battle against Edwin's forces. By normal custom Idwal's crown should have passed to his sons, but Hywel intervened. He sent Iago and Ieuaf into exile and established himself as ruler over Gwynedd, which also likely placed him in control of the Kingdom of Powys, which was under the authority of Gwynedd. As such Hywel became king of nearly all of Wales except for Morgannwg and Gwent in the south.[10] This hegemony allowed Hywel to pursue the accomplishment for which he is best known: the codification of Welsh law.[11] His study of legal systems and his pilgrimage to Rome in 928 combined to enable him to formulate advanced ideas about law. A comparative study of law and lawmaking at the time reveals a deep concern for law and its documentation throughout Europe and also the Islamic world, the Cordoba Islamic Law translation schools being a fine example, from Greek to Arabic to Latin. The Hywel “Law” book was written partly in Latin, about laws of court, law of country and the law of justices. The conference held at Ty Gwyn ar Daf, an occasional residence of Hywel's near Whitland, Carmarthenshire, c. 940 – 945, was an assembly in which Welsh law was codified and set down in writing for posterity. The council had the purpose of compiling and enacting the code of laws, which are still known as "the Laws of Hywel the Good."[12] According to tradition, much of the work was done by the celebrated clerk, Blegywryd. The laws were deposited at Dinefwr Castle later in the tenth century after being drawn up at Ty Gwyn.[13][14] Hywel's reign was a violent one, but he achieved an understanding with Athelstan of England whereby Athelstan and Hywel ruled part of Wales jointly. Such was the relationship between the neighbouring countries that Hywel was able to use Athelstan's mint at Chester to produce his own silver pennies, the first Welsh ruler to do so for at least a thousand years. Legacy[edit source | editbeta]
Following Hywel's death, his kingdom was soon split into three. Gwynedd was reclaimed by the sons of Idwal Foel, while Deheubarth was divided between Hywel's sons. However, his legacy endured in the form of his laws, which remained in active use throughout Wales until the appointed date of implementation of the Laws in Wales Acts 1535–1542 of Henry VIII of England who asserted his royal descent by blood-line from Rhodri Mawr via Hywel Dda.[15] A surviving copy of a Latin text of the Law (Peniarth 28) is held at The National Library of Wales in Aberystwyth and can be seen online.[16] More than 30 manuscripts were recently selected for a discussion of the “Law” of Hywel, by a Welsh professor of Medieval studies, Hywel Emanuel. Only five of them were considered to be of sufficient antiquity, dating back to the thirteenth century or earlier, to merit serious attention. Three of them were in Latin and two in Welsh. Opinions vary as to the motives for Hywel's close association with the court of Athelstan. J.E. Lloyd claimed Hywel was an admirer of Wessex,[17] while D.P. Kirby suggests that it may have been the action of a pragmatist who recognized the realities of power in mid-10th century Britain.[18] It is notable that he gave one of his sons an Anglo-Saxon name, Edwin. His policies with regard to England were evidently not to the taste of all his subjects. Athelstan and Hywel had similar interests. They both developed a coinage; they both had a kingdom; both were attributed a Law book. Hywel was aware of the greater power and acceded to it. A Welsh language poem entitled Armes Prydein, considered by Sir Ifor Williams to have been written in Deheubarth during Hywel's reign, called for the Welsh to join a confederation of all the non-English peoples of Britain and Ireland to fight the Saxons. The poem may be linked to the alliance of Norse and Celtic kingdoms which challenged Athelstan at the Battle of Brunanburh in 937. No Welsh forces joined this alliance, and this may well have been because of the influence of Hywel. On the other hand neither did he send troops to support Athelstan.
Born: 887, Dynevor Castle, Llandilo, Carmarthshire, Wales Married: Abt 904 Died: 950
Research Notes:
Hywel Dda ("the Good") King of All Wales succeeded as King of Dyfed jure uxoris ca.904. King of Seiswyllwg 909, king of Gwynedd 942. He did homage to King Edward the Elder in 918 and to King Athelstan in 926. Went on a pilgrimage to Rome in 928, was the only Welsh ruler to mint his own coinage of silver pennies. Married circa 904, Elen, daughter and heiress of Llywarch ap Hyfaidd, King of Dyfedd, and died in 950...
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...Hywel ap Cadell. He was recorded as King of the Britons in the Annales Cambriae and the Annals of Ulster...
He is remembered as one of the most responsible native Welsh rulers of all time. His name is particularly linked with the development of the Welsh laws, generally known as the Laws of Hywel Dda. The latter part of his name ('Dda' or 'Good') refers to the fact that his laws were just and good. The historian Dafydd Jenkins sees in them compassion rather than punishment, plenty of common sense and a sense of respect towards women.[1]
Hywel Dda was certainly a well-educated man, even by modern standards, having a good knowledge of Welsh, Latin, and English.[1]
In April 2008 a merger of Pembrokeshire & Derwen, Ceredigion and Mid Wales, and Carmarthenshire NHS Trusts was named the Hywel Dda NHS Trust in his honour...
In 905, Cadell, having conquered Dyfed, gave it to his son to rule on his behalf. Hywel was able to consolidate his position by marrying Elen, whose father Llywarch ap Hyfaidd had ruled Dyfed until his death. Following his father's death in 909, he acquired a share of Seisyllwg, and on his brother's death in 920, he merged Dyfed and Seisyllwg, creating for himself a new kingdom, which became known as Deheubarth. Following the death of his cousin Idwal Foel in 942, he also seized the Kingdom of Gwynedd....
Hywel's reign was a violent one, and he achieved an understanding with Athelstan of England. Athelstan and Hywel ruled part of Wales jointly. Such was the relationship between the neighbouring countries that Hywel was able to mint his own coinage in the English city of Chester. He was the first Welsh ruler to produce coinage for at least a thousand years, since the coinage of his Celtic predecessors. His study of legal systems and his pilgrimage to Rome in 928 combined to enable him to formulate advanced ideas about law. A comparative study of law and lawmaking at the time reveals a deep concern for law and its documentation throughout Europe... The Hywel 'Law' book was written partly in Latin, about laws of court, law of country and the law of justices...
The conference held at Whitland circa 945, was an assembly in which Welsh law was codified and set down in writing for posterity. According to tradition, much of the work was done by the celebrated clerk, Blegywryd. Following Hywel's death, his kingdom was soon split into three. Gwynedd was reclaimed by the sons of Idwal Foel, while Deheubarth was divided between Hywel's sons. However, his legacy endured in the form of his laws, which remained in active use throughout Wales until the conquest and were not abolished by the English Parliament until the 16th century.
Marriage Information:
Hywel married Elen ferch LLYWARCH, daughter of Llywarch ap HYFAIDD, King of Dyfedd, about 904. (Elen ferch LLYWARCH was born about 893 in Dyfed, , Wales and died in 943.)
Sources:
Newsgroup: soc.genealogy.medieval, at groups - google.com, Leo van de Pas, 15 Mar 2003; Burke's Peerage & Baronetage, 106th Edition, Charles Mosley Editor-in-Chief, 1999, 2008; extract from Wikipedia article, citing Hanes Cymru by John Davies, pp. 85-86, A History of Wales: from the earliest times to the Edwardian conquest (1911); Hywel Dda: Anglophile?, D. P. Kirby, in Welsh Historical Review, 8 (1976-7)
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Agregado por: Ing. Carlos Juan Felipe Urdaneta Alamo, MD.IG.
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