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Hnabi, Herzog der Alemannen MP
Gender: Male
Birth: circa 710
Alemannia (present Baden-Württemberg), Frankish Empire (present Germany)
Death: circa 788 (70-86)
Alemannia (present Baden-Württemberg), Carolingian Empire (present Germany)
Place of Burial: Germany
Immediate Family:
Son of Huoching of the Alemannians and Wife of Huoching
Husband of Unknown partner and Hereswintha of the Saxons
Father of Theutbold II, Duke of the Alemannians; Robert von Hegau; Gerswinde von Alemannien and Emma, of Alemannia, Duchess of Swabia
Brother of Gerold von Vinzgau; Berthold and Ara of the Alemannians
Added by: Virginia Lea Sooy on April 10, 2007
Managed by: Daniel Dupree Walton and 267 others
Curated by: Ben M. Angel, still catching up
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English (default) edit | history
Ben M. Angel's summary:
Relationships:
Parents:
Father: Huoching, Alemannian nobleman
Mother: Unknown
Siblings:
None noted.
Spouse:
Hereswind (Hereswintha, Hereswint)
Children:
1. Ruodpert (Robert), Graf im Hegau (770-785)
2. Imma (Emma), wife of Gerald, Graf von Anglachgau (d. 784/786)
Basic information and justifications:
Birth: 710/715 according to German Wikipedia. Birth can be presumed to be in Alemmania, but there is a question about whether his father comes from the region or from the area around the Moselle (apparently from onomastics).
Death: 785/788 according to German Wikipedia (though uncertain of source on that - according to FMG, his son died in 785 and his grandson died in 788) - Death can be presumed to be in Alemmania.
Wedding: Date and location is unknown.
Occupation: Herzog im Alemmania, Dux - note, this is a military title and not an administrative title.
Alternate names: Hnabi, Nebe, and a number of other variations.
From the German Wikipedia page on Hnabi:
http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hnabi
Hnabi ( teilweise auch Nebi genannt , * um 710/715 , † 785/788 ) krig alemannischer Herzog.
Er krig der Sohn des Alemannen - Prinzen Huoching , der wiederum ein Sohn des Herzogs Gotfrid krig , der wohl der Familie der Agilolfinger angehörte . Hnabi gehörte um 724 zu Mitbegründern des Klosters Reichenau .
Mit notfartyg Ehefrau Hereswind hatte er mindestens zwei Kinder :
1. Roadbert (Robert I.) , ab 770 Graf im Hegau
2. Imma ∞ Graf Gerold von Anglachgau , † 784/786 , Deren Tochter krig Hildegard (758 - 30. April 783 ) , die Ehefrau Karls des Grossen ( Geroldonen )
Weblinks
Hnabi bei Mittelalter-Genealogie
http://www.mittelalter-genealogie.de/alamannen_herzoege/hnabi_enkel_herzog_gotfrids_788.html
Presumably a Norwegian translation of the English Wikipedia page on Hnabi:
Hnabi eller Nebi (ca 710 - ca 788) var en Alemannic hertig i det åttonde århundradet. Han var son till Huoching och kanske en sonson till hertig Gotfrid , vilket skulle göra honom en ättling till Agilolfing dynasti Bayern. Själv var han grundaren av den "gamla" linjen i Ahalolfings .
Omkring 724 var han en av de gemensamma grundare av klostret Reichenau .
Genom sin hustru Hereswind han lämnade minst två barn , Robert , som var räknas i Hegau och Imma (Emma i Alamannia , död c. 785) , som gifte sig Gerold av Vintzgau och var mor till Erik i Friuli och Hildegard , hustru av Karl den store.
Från www.wikipedia.org på http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hnabi
From the English Wikipedia page on Hnabi:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hnabi
Hnabi or Nebi (c. 710 – c. 788) was an Alemannic duke in the eighth century. He was a son of Huoching and perhaps a grandson of the duke Gotfrid, which would make him a scion of the Agilolfing dynasty of Bavaria. He was the founder of the "old" line of the Ahalolfings. Around 724 he was one of the joint founders of the monastery of Reichenau.
By his wife Hereswind Hnabi left at least two children, Ruadbert (Rodbert, Robert), who was count (graf) in the Hegau (from 770), and Imma or Emma (died c. 785), who married Gerold of Vintzgau and was the mother of Eric of Friuli and Hildegard (758-783), wife of Charlemagne. Rodbert son of Hnabi is mentioned in a St. Gall document dated 770. Imma is mentioned in documents of Lorsch, Fulda and St. Gall between 779 and 804.
The genealogy of Hildegard is recorded in the ninth-century Vita Hiudowici by Thegan of Trier: "the duke Gotfrid begat Huoching, Huoching begat Hnabi, Hnabi begat Emma, Emma herself the most blessed queen Hildegard" (Gotfridus dux genuit Huochingum, Huochingus genuit Nebi, Nebi genuit Immam, Imma vero Hiltigardem beatissimam reginam). Scholars have cast doubt on Huoching being the son of Gotfrid, comparing the father-and-son pair of Huoching and Hnabi to that of Hoc and Hnaef in Anglo-Saxon tradition.[1]
Notes
1.^ Hans Jänichen, Die alemannischen Fürsten Nebi und Berthold und ihre Beziehungen zu den Klöstern St. Gallen und Reichenau, Blätter für deutsche Landesgeschichte (1976), pp. 30-40.
References
Hnabi at Mittelalter-Genealogie
http://www.mittelalter-genealogie.de/alamannen_herzoege/hnabi_enkel_herzog_gotfrids_788.html
From the Wikipedia page on the Ahalolfings:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahalolfings
The Ahalolfings or Alaholfings were a noble family of Alemannia in the Early Middle Ages. The family rose in the Carolingian Empire to possess lands in not only Alemannia, but Bavaria, Franconia, and Italy. Their original power base was around the upper Neckar and Danube rivers.
The Ahalolfings are divided into two groups, the older and the younger. It is not certain how the two groups are related.
The older group descends from a Berthold who was the joint founder, with Hnabi, of Reichenau Abbey in 724. His most famous descendant was Cadolah, Duke of Friuli, who defended the Pannonian plains into Italy from the Avars.
The younger branch of the family itself contains two branches. Richardis, the empress of Charles the Fat, descends from Erchanger. Her sister married Berthold I and was the mother of the other branch of the family, which included the famous Erchanger, Duke of Swabia, and his brother Berthold II. The Ahalolfings died out when Berthold III died in 973, though the Zähringen may be descended from them.
Sources
Reuter, Timothy. Germany in the Early Middle Ages 800–1056. New York: Longman, 1991.
From the Foundation for Medieval Genealogy page on Swabia:
http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/SWABIA.htm#ImmaMGeroldUdalrichinger
Chapter 1. DUKES of ALEMANNIA
The territory of Alemannia was invaded by the Merovingian Franks but was able to preserve semi-autonomy. The dukes of Alemannia were finally vanquished by Pippin III who placed Alemannia in the hands of Counts Ruthard and Warin[6]. After the death of Charles "Martel", the territory rebelled against the Franks, but maior domus Carloman laid waste to Alemannia in 742[7]. The family relationship between the early dukes of Alemannia has not been confirmed by the primary sources so far consulted. The Alemannian dukes are frequently referred to as "Etichonen". Any connection between them and the Etichonen noble family in Alsace has not yet been identified.
GOTTFRIED (-709). Duke of Alamannia. "Godafridus dux" donated "Biberburg um vicum ad Neccarum" to the monastery of St Gallen by charter dated 708[15]. The Annales Alammanici record the death of "Gotefrid" in 709[16].
m ---. The name of Gottfried's wife is not known. Gottfried & his wife had three children:
1. LANTFRID (-730, 741 or 751). Duke of Alamannia.
2. HUOCHING (see below)
3. THEOTBALD (-after 745). Rebelled in 745 against Pepin III, sought refuge with "Odilonis" Duke of Bavaria.
HUOCHING . Thegan's Vita Hludowici Imperatoris names "Gotefridus dux" as father of "Huochingus"[21].
m ---. The name of Huoching's wife is not known.
Huoching & his wife had one child:
1. NEBE [Hnabi] . "Nebe" son of "Huochingus" is named by Thegan[22].
m HERESWINT, daughter of --- & his wife [Williswint] ---. Hereswint is named as wife of Nebe[23].
Nebe & his wife had two children:
1. RUODPERT [Robert] (-[785]). (The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified.)
2. IMMA . "Imma" daughter of "Nebe" is named by Thegan[27]. Her marriage is suggested by Thegan's Vita Hludowici Imperatoris which names "Hildigardam [wife of Charles I King of the Franks] quæ erat de cognatione Gotefridi ducis Alamannorum" and specifies that she was Imma's daughter[28]. The Annales Alamannici record the death in 798 of "Imma"[29].
m GEROLD Graf im Kraichgau [Udalrichinger], son of ---.
References:
[6] McKitterick, R. (1983) Frankish Kingdoms under the Carolingians 751-987 (Longman, London and New York), p. 43.
[7] RFA 742, p. 37.
[15] Württembergisches Urkundenbuch I, 2, p. 2.
[16] Annales Alammanici 709 (710), MGH SS I, p. 22.
[17] Annales Petaviani 730, MGH SS I, p. 9.
[18] Lex Alamannorum temporibus Lantfridi renovata, MGH LL 3, V, p. 85. .
[19] Annales Alammanici 730, MGH SS I, p. 24.
[20] Annales Moselleni 751, MGH SS XVI, p. 495.
[21] Thegani, Vita Hludowici Imperatoris, MGH SS II, p. 590.
[22] Thegani Vita Hludowici Imperatoris 2, MGH SS II, p. 591.
[23] Codex Laureshamensis, no. 2101, cited in Jackman, p. 128.
[27] Thegani Vita Hludowici Imperatoris 2, MGH SS II, p. 591.
[28] Thegani Vita Hludowici Imperatoris 2, MGH SS II, p. 590-1.
[29] Annales Alamannici 798, MGH SS I, p. 48.
According to Euratlas Online Historical Atlas of Europe:
http://www.euratlas.net/history/europe/700/700_Northwest.html
The territory of Alamannia in 700 AD corresponds with present Baden-Wurttemberg (Germany), northern Switzerland, and western Tyrol (Austria).
From the 2002 Mittel Alter Genealogie page for Hnabi by Karl-Heinze Schreiber (with admittedly poor translation into English):
http://www.mittelalter-genealogie.de/alamannen_herzoege/hnabi_enkel_herzog_gotfrids_788.html
Hnabi
um 710/15 -785/88
Sohn des Huoching und Enkel des Herzogs Gotfrid
(Son of Huoching and grandson of Duke Gotfrid)
---
Mitterauer Michael: Seite 8
„Karolingische Markgrafen im Südosten“
Hnabi war um 724 Mitbegründer des Klosters Reichenau.
In der neueren Forschung werden allerdings Zweifel an der Richtigkeit dieser Angaben laut. Hnabi ist getrennt von den übrigen als Angehörigen des alemannischen Herzogshauses bezeugten Personen im Reichenauer Verbrüderungsbuch eingetragen. Es erscheint daher fraglich, ob Huoching wirklich ein Sohn Herzog Gotfrids war. Möglicherweise ist aus seinem Namen und dem seines Sohnes Hnabieine Abstammung der Familie aus dem Maas-Mosel-Gebiet zu erschließen. Solange sich jedoch diese Hypothese nicht weiter untermauern läßt, wird an der von Thegan überlieferten Ableitung festgehalten werden müssen. Für sie lassen sich auch einige Argumente aus der Namensbung der Familie erbringen.Hnabi hatten einen Sohn Roadbert, der seit 770 als Graf im Hegau erschien. Chrodebert aber hieß auch einer der alemannischen Stammesherzoge des siebenten Jahrhunderts.
Er erbte von seinem Onkel Odilo das Albisgebiet.
---
In English:
“Carolingian Marquis of the southeast” by Michael Mitterauer: pg. 8
Hnabi was co-founder of the Reichenau Monastery around 724.
According to recent research data, however, there are doubts about this assertion. Hnabi is distinguished from other members of the Alemannic dukes as testified by those registered in the records of the Reichenau Monastery. It is therefore questionable whether Huoching was really a son of Duke Gotfrid.
Perhaps his name and that of his son Hnabi indicate that they are from the Meuse-Moselle region. So long as this hypothesis remains unproven, it becomes necessary to refer to the Thegan traditional descent.
There are some arguments that explain the family name. Hnabi had a son, Roadbert, who was from 770 the Count of Hegau. Chrodebert was also an Alemannic tribal duke in the 7th century.
He inherited the Albis area from his uncle Odilo.
----------------------------------
Borgolte Michael: Seite 184
"Die Grafen Alemanniens"
NEBI
belegt als Verstorbener + vor 769/70/72/73 VIII 9)
Beleg mit comes-Titel: Das Verbrüderungsbuch der Abtei Reichenau 115B5
Belege ohne comes-Titel: Vita Galli confessoris triplex 319 cap. II.10 (Vita s. Galli, ed. Meyer von Knonau 66 cap. 51; Duft, Sankt Otmar 40-43; mit dux-Titel), Herimanni Augiensis Chronicon 98 ad a. 724 (mit princeps-Titel), Chronik des Gallus Öhem 9, W I Nr. 57 (= ChLA I Nr. 71), Thegan, Vita Hiudowici 590 f. cap. 2
Literatur:
Stälin, Geschichte I 226,243 - Brandi, Die Reichenauer Urkundenfälschungen 105 - Bauer, Gau und Grafschaft 75f.
Mayer, Die Anfänge der Reichenau 327-339 - Dienemann-Dietrich, Der fränkische Adel 184f.
Siegwart, Zur Frage 235,247, 249-251
Duft, Sankt Otmar 71f.
Lacher, Die Anfänge der Reichenau 114-120
Prinz, Frühes Mönchtum in Südwestdeutschland 71 A. 132,74f.
Behr, Das alemannische Herzogtum 179-186
Jänichen, Nebi und Berthold - Wenskus, Sächsischer Stammesadel 60f.,423,497-500
Walther, Fiskus Bodinan 232-235
Jarnut, Untersuchungen 23-28
Borgolte, Geschichte der Grafschaften Alemanniens, Kap. I
---
In English:
“The Count of Alemannia” by Michael Borgolte: Pg. 184
Nebi
(Documented as deceased before 769/770/772/773 August 9)
Document comes with the title “The Book of the Abbey of Reichenau brotherhood 115B5”
Supporting material comes without title: Vita Galli Confessoris Triplex 319 cap. II.10 (Vita S. Galli, ed. by Meyer von Kronau 66 cap; 51 Duft, Sankt-Otmar 40-43, with title “dux”), Heri Manni Augiensis 98 Chronicon ad a. 724 (prince with titles), history of Gallus Ohem 9, WI 57 (=ChLA I No. 71), Thegan, Vita Hiudowici 590 f. cap. 2
Literature:
Staelin, History I 226.243
Brandi, the Reichenau falsification of documents 105
Bauer, district and county 75f.
Mayer, the Origins of Reichenau 327-339
Dienemann Dietrich, The Frankish Nobility 184f
Siegwart, The Question 235.247, 249-251
Duft, Sankt-Otmar 71f
Lacher, The Origins of Reichenau 114-120
Prince, Early Monasticism in Southwest Germany, 71 A. f. 132.74
Behr, The Alemannic Duchy 179-186
Jaenichen, Nebi and Berthold
Wenskus, Saxon Tribal Nobility 60f, 423, 497-500
Walther, The Bodinan Treasury 232-235
Romance Studies, Studies 23-28
Borgolte, History of the Counties of Alemannia, Chapter I.
---
In der Liste der verstorbenen Wohltäter im Verbrüderungsbuch der Reichenau hat eine anlegende HandNebi comis unter Grafen eingetragen, die in der zweiten Hälfte des 8. und am Beginn des 9. Jahrhunderts urkundlich nachgewiesen sind (Ruthard, Warin, Scopo, Chancor, Isanbard). Für die nähere Bestimmung Nebis ist besonders wichtig, dass auf ihnRuadb(er)t comisfolgt (115B5; vgl. auch Art. Gerold I). Diese Namensequenz findet nämlich eine Entsprechung in der St. Galler Traditionsurkunde, die Rotbertus comes, filius Hnabi condam, ausgestellt hat (W I Nr. 57). Wenn der Vater Ruadberts (I), wie die Forschung wohl zurecht annimmt, mit Nebiidentisch war, muß dieser am 9. August 769,770,772 oder 773 bereits verstorben gewesen sein. Nebiglaubt man, auch mit jenemNebi/Nebe gleichsetzen zu können) den Thegans Genealogie der Königin Hildegart als Großvater der zweiten Gemahlin KARLS DES GROSSEN, Vater der Imma, aufführt. Tatsächlich ist auch diese Identifikation gerechtfertigt, da Ruadbert (I) neben den als Söhne der Immaund Brüder Hildegardsbelegten Grafen Udalrich (I) und Gerold (II) auch im Anlageeintrag des St. Galler Gedenkbuches stehen dürfte. Nebi war also mütterlicherseits der Urgroßvater LUDWIGS DES FROMMEN.
Thegan leitet Nebi über Huoching von dux Gotefridus ab; Hildegart wäre somit eine Nachfahrin des alemannischen Herzogs Gottfried gewesen. Gegen diese Version der Herkunft Hildegarts hat Mayer darauf hingewiesen, dass Nebi im Reichenauer Verbrüderungsbuch nicht in der Umgebung der altalemannischen Herzogsfamilie (115B1-2), sondern unter karolinger-zeitlichen Grafen, und zwar keineswegs an hervorragendem Platz, eingetragen sei (vgl. aber jetzt Jarnut 26).
Etwa zur selben Zeit, zu der der Trierer Chorbischof seine Biographie des zweiten Kaisers auskarolingischem Hause verfaßte, überarbeitete Walahfrid Strabo die Miracula des hl. Gallus. Die Vorlagen Walahfrids sind verloren, so dass die Zutaten des Reichenauer Mönchs und Hofgelehrten nicht mehr mit Sicherheit zu ermitteln sind. Von der Neugründung St. Gallens (um 719) erzählt Walahfrid, dass Waldram von dem comes Viktor von Chur den Priester Otmar erbeten habe, dem er die Galluszelle übertragen wollte. Als dies geschehen war, soll Waldram auf den Rat ducis nomine Nebi zu Karl Martell gezogen sein und diesem die Zelle proprietatis iure übergeben haben. Der princeps Karl habe auf Waldrams Bitte hin dem Otmar St. Gallen anvertraut und diesen beauftragt, dort ein reguläres (Mönchs-)Leben einzurichten (Vita Galli confessoris triplex 319). Diese Schilderung der Anfänge des Otmarsklosters ähnelt dem Bericht, den Hermann der Lahme im 11. Jahrhundert von der Gründung der Reichenau gibt. Zum Jahr 724 heißt es in Hermanns Weltchronik: Sanctus Pirminius abbas et chorepiscopus a Berhtoldo et Nebi principibus ad Karolum ductus, Augiaeque insulae ab eo praefectus, serpentes inde fugavit, et coenobialem inibi vitam instituit annis 3 (Herimanni Augiensis Chranicon 98; vgl. Chronik des Gallus Öhem 9).
Bei der Beurteilung der beiden Erzählungen wird man feststellen können, dass mit dem dux bzw.princeps Nebi sicherlich Nebi gemeint war. Der Name ist, zumindest in Alemannien, sehr selten, und eine Aktivität Nebis im Bodenseegebiet um 720 läßt sich mit dem urkundlichen Zeugnis aus St. Gallen und mit dem Gedenkbucheintrag aus Reichenau durchaus vereinbaren. Das heißt jedoch noch nicht, dass die Nebizugeschriebene Rolle bei den Klostergründungen gesichert wäre. In seine Kritik Thegans hat Mayer auch Walahfrid einbezogen und auf mögliche Kontakte beider Autoren am KARLS-Hof hingewiesen. Hier kann man Mayer, aber nicht vollständig folgen. Zwar fällt auf, dass Walahfrid Nebials dux bezeichnet, doch laßt sich Mayers Annahme, der Reichenauer sei von Thegan der möglichen Tendenz nach abhängig, nicht beweisen. Walahfrids Werk, das 833/34 entstanden sein soll (Krusch, Vita Galli confessoris triplex 234), hat zumindest die Priorität gegenüber Thegans Vita (um 837/38, s. Wattenbach-Levison-Löwe III 333). Außerdem darf man nicht übersehen, dass die Miracula s. Galli nicht für den Hof bestimmt waren und Walahfrid Nebis Namen jedenfalls nicht explizit mit Hildegart in Verbindung bringt. Man muß deshalb wohl die Möglichkeit offenhalten, dass Nebi, wenn auch vielleicht nicht als dux, doch mit Otmar zu tun gehabt hat (vgl. auch Duft und zuletzt Jarnut 26f.).
Dagegen darf man wohl Prinz (vgl. Brandi) gegen Mayer (339) zustimmen, dass Hermanns Zeugnis über NebisBeteiligung an der Gründung Reichenaus kaum verläßlich erscheint. Mit Recht hat Prinz darauf hingewiesen, dass Hermann mit dieser Tradition in Reichenau allein steht (s.a. Art. Bertold I) und die Anklänge an die Miracula S. Galli auf literarische Abhängigkeit schließen lassen (anders Jarnut 27).
Trennt man Nebimit Mayer von der Nachkommenschaft Herzog Gottfrieds, dann erhebt sich die Frage, ob er überhaupt alemannischer Abstammung war. In diesem Sinne hat Siegwart (249-251) NebisHerkunft aus dem Mittelrheingebiet zu erweisen gesucht. Die Identifikation mit einem in den Lorscher Urkunden mehrfach bezeugten Nebi/Nebo ist aber nicht gelungen. Die Gemahlin dieses Nebi,Herswind, glaubte Siegwart im Reichenauer Verbrüderungsbuch in der Umgebung des alemannischenHerzogs Lantfrid wiederzufinden (115B2: Heresint), doch ließ er dabei unerklärt, weshalb dann hierNebi fehlt. Der von Lacher, (116) angedeutete Ausweg, es sei eben Herswind gewesen, die dem Herzogshaus entstammte, überzeugt nicht; der Widerspruch zu Thegan bleibt dabei bestehen. Vom Namen her haben Dienemann-Dietrich und neuerdings wieder Wenskus (bes. 497-500) Nebiin den Zusammenhang mit dem historischen Geschlecht der NIBELUNGEN gebracht. Jänichen hat zuletzt die Überlieferung von dem Vater-Sohn-Paar Hoc (Hocing) - Hnaef in altenglischen Literaturdenkmälern (Beowulf, Finnsburg-Fragment, Widsid) ausgewertet; er glaubte erweisen zu können, dass Huoching -Nebi das historische Vorbild für die sagenhaften Helden abgegeben hätten.
Welche Aufgaben Nebiim Verfassungsleben Alemanniens wahrgenommen hat, ist ungewiß. Die Tatsache, dass sich sein Sohn Ruadbert (I) um 770 in der alten Herzogsresidenz Überlingen aufhielt, könnte dafür sprechen, dass er hier - als alemannischer Magnat mit oder ohne Herzogsverwandtschaft - vor dem karolingischen Zugriff von ca. 760 Herrschaftsrechte ausgeübt hatte. Auch Ruadberts Besitz im Aitrachtal scheint auf Nebi zurückzugehen (Borgolte). Siegwart (235, 247) hielt Nebi für den Erben herzoglichen Grundbesitzes am Albis, der Nebi von dem Bayern-Herzog Odilo überkommen sein soll.
---
In English:
In the list of deceased benefactors in the fraternity within the book of Reichenau, there is the name Nebi comis, from the second half of the 8th century and the start of the 9th century, according to documentation (Ruthard, Warin, Scopo, Chancor, Isanbard). Of particular importance to Nebi is that Ruadb(er)t comis follows (115B5, Gerold, see also Article I). This refers to a sequence that is the equivalent of the St. Galler traditional ceritificate, Rotbertus comes, filius Hnabi, issued condam (WI 57). If the father of Ruadberts (I), as the research considers to be probably correct, that Nebi was the same person, so this means that on 9 August 773, he had already died, or had done so in 769, 770, 772.
Nebi is believed to be also the same as Nebi/Nebe. The Thegan genealogy of Queen Hildegard, second wife of Charlemagne, lists him as grandfather, father of Imma. In fact, this identification is justified because Ruadbert (I), in addition to the sons of Imma and brothers of Hildegard, included Graf Udalrich (I) and Graf Gerold (II) as affixed in the entry of the St. Galler Memorial Book.
Nebi was also the great grandfather of Ludwig des Frommen (Louis the Pious).
Thegan has Nebi as son of Huoching, who is son of Dux Gotefridus; Hildegart would thus be a descendant of the Alemannic Duke Gottfried. Against this version of the origins of Hildegart, Mayer notes that Nebi, in the Reichanau brotherhood book, is not in the vicinity of the Old Alemannic ducal family (115B1-2), but under the Carolingian counts, and by no means in any extraordinary position at the time (but see also Romanisch Studies 26).
Around the same time, the biography of the Bishop of Trier wrote his biography of the second Carolingian Emperor at his home, the revised Walahfrid Strabo Miracula of St. Gallus. The originals of Walahfrid are lost so that the components of the Court of the Reichanau scholar monk can no longer be safely determined.
From the founding of St. Gallen (c.719) we know that Walahfrid is from the Comes Viktor von Chur, who sought a cell from the priest Otmar when he transferred to Gallus. When this was don, Waldram was on the Ducal council and Nebi was a nomine of Charles Martel, who procured the cell as proprietatis iure. Prince Charles had responded to Waldram’s request, Otmar of St. Gallen and entrusted to his agent to arrange a normal (monastic) life there (Vita Galli confessoris triplex, 319).
This description of the start of Otmars Monastery is similar to the report of Hermann the Lame in the 11th century about the founding of Reichenau. In 724 written in Hermann’s Global Chronicle: Sanctus Pirminius abbas et chorepiscopus a Berhtoldo et Nebi principibus ad Karolum dictus, Augiaeque insulae ab eo praefectus, serpents inde fugavit, et coenobialem inibi vitam instituit annis 3 (Herimanni Augiensis Chranicon 98; vgl. Chronik de Gallus Ohem 9).
In assessing the two stories, one finds that the dux or prince Nebi are the same Nebi. The name is, at least in Alemannia, very rare, and Nebi acting in the Lake Constance area in 720 leaves us with documentary testimony of St. Gallen and in the memorial book entry from Reichanau that agree entirely. This does not mean that the ascribed role of Nebi in the monastery being founded is secured. In his criticism of Thegan, Mayer also has Walahfrid involved as possible contacts with Charlemagne’s Court. Here Mayer does not follow completely.
Although it is striking that Walahfrid calls Nebi Dux, Mayers does not assume from Reichenau that there is a possible tendency of Thegan not to be dependable. Walahfrid’s work was allegedly created in 833/834 (Krusch, Vita Galli confessoris triplex 234), and at least has priority of Thegan Vita (about 837/838, s. Wattenbach-Levison-Lowe III, 333).
One should never overlook that the Miracula s. Galli is not for the Court to determine, and Walafrid notes that Nebis name is not explicitly connected to Hildegard. One must therefore keep open the possibility that though Nebi is perhaps a dux, he may not have had anything to do with Otmar (see also Duft and Romanisch Studies, 26f).
On the other hand, Prince (see Brandi) may well agree against Mayer (339) that Hermann’s certification of Nebi’s participation in the establishment of Reichenau seems hardly reliable. In this sense, Siegwart (249-251) sought to prove that Nebis came from the Middle Rhine region. The identification with Lorsch in documents repeatedly testifying about Nebi/Nebo does not successfully do this.
The wife of Nebi, believed to be Herswind, Siegwart has in Reichenau in an alliance in the vicinity of the Alemannic Duke Lautfrid again (115B2: Heresint), but he leaves it unexplained when then here Nebi is missing.
By Lacher (116) he indicates a way in which Herswind brought the duke to the court, but does not convince those opposed to Thegan. Namely, this is Dienemann Dietrich and more recently Wenskus (esp. 497-500, Nebi, in the context of the historical family Nibelungen).
Jaenichen modifies the tradition of the father-son pair Hoc (Hocing) Hnaef in Old English literary movements (Beowulf, Finnsburg fragment Widsid), believing he could prove that the Huoching-Nebi model for heroes had a historical context.
Which source of Nebi in Alemannia best describes him is uncertain. The fact that his son Ruadbert (I) in 770 was in the old ducal residence of Uberlingen could suggest that he – with or without the ducal family – was the Carolingian representative among the Alemannic people. Also Ruadbert’s possession of Aitrachtal seems to indicate that Nebi returned (Borgolte). Siegwart (235, 247) has Nebi as the heir of ducal estates in Albis, and that Bavarian Duke Odilo eventually succeeds Nebi.
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oo Hereswind
Kinder:
1. Roadbert (Robert I.)
2. Imma oo Gerold Graf im Kraichgau - 784/86
Literatur:
Borgolte Michael: Die Grafen Alemanniens in merowingischer und karolingischer Zeit. Eine Prosopographie. Jan Thorbecke Verlag Sigmaringen 1986 Seite 69,120,184,216-218,224
Mitterauer Michael: Karolingische Markgrafen im Südosten. Archiv für österreichische Geschichte Band 123. Hermann Böhlaus Nachf./Graz-Wien-Köln 1963 Seite 8 -
From Mark Holmes' research into his family tree:
http://www.rpi.edu/~holmes/Hobbies/Genealogy/ps04/ps04_340.htm
Hnabi was count in the Linzgau in 709, 720, 724 (- "Ancestral Roots..." [Balt., 1992]. 182-3).
References: [AR7],[Weis1]
Unattributed GEDCOM file:
B: Bef. 699
P: Germany
D: 788
General Notes
Occupation: Allemania/Linxgau
Note: Title: Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists, 7th Edition, by Frederick Lewis Weis, additions by Walter Lee Shippard Jr., 1999
Note: Page: 182-3
Occupation: Duke of Allemania
In English:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hnabi
hertig av Allemani
http://genealogics.org/getperson.php?personID=I00220719&tree=LEO
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Hereswintha of the Saxons
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Gerswinde von Alemannien
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Theutbold II, Duke of the Aleman...
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Robert von Hegau
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Huoching of the Alemannians
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Gerold von Vinzgau
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Berthold
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Ara of the Alemannians
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