____________________________________________________________________________
35 ° Bisabuelo/ Great Grandfather de:
Carlos Juan Felipe Antonio Vicente De La Cruz Urdaneta Alamo
____________________________________________________________________________
<---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------->
(Linea Paterna)
<---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------->
Theodoric I, King of the Visigoths is your 35th great grandfather.of→ Carlos Juan Felipe Antonio Vicente De La Cruz Urdaneta Alamo→ Enrique Jorge Urdaneta Lecuna
your father → Elena Cecilia Lecuna Escobar
his mother → María Elena de la Concepción Escobar Llamosas
her mother → Cecilia Cayetana de la Merced Llamosas Vaamonde de Escobar
her mother → Cipriano Fernando de Las Llamosas y García
her father → José Lorenzo de las Llamozas Silva
his father → Joseph Julián Llamozas Ranero
his father → Manuel Llamosas y Requecens
his father → Isabel de Requesens
his mother → Luis de Requeséns y Zúñiga, Virrey de Holanda
her father → Juan de Zúñiga Avellaneda y Velasco
his father → Pedro de Zúñiga y Avellaneda, II conde de Miranda del Castañar
his father → Diego López de Zúñiga y Guzmán, I conde de Miranda del Castañar
his father → Isabel Elvira de Guzmán y Ayala, III Señora de Gibraleón
his mother → Elvira López de Ayala Guzmán
her mother → Leonor Suárez de Toledo y Guzmán
her mother → D. Pero Suárez de Toledo, señor de Bolaños
her father → Teresa Vázquez de Acuña, Señora de Villaverde
his mother → Vasco Martins da Cunha, "o Seco", 5º senhor de Tábua
her father → Joana Rodrigues de Nomães
his mother → Rodrigo Martins de Nomães, Señor de Reviñade y Silva-Escura
her father → Rodrigo Romães Conde de Monterroso
his father → Remón II de Monterroso, III conde de Monterroso
his father → Rodrigo Romaes, II conde de Monterroso y de Santa Marta de Ortigueira
his father → Remón Romaes, Conde de Monterroso y Santa Marta de Ortigueira
his father → Fruela I el Cruel, rey de Asturias
his father → Ermessenda, reina consorte de Asturias
his mother → Pelayo, rey de Asturias
her father → Liubigotona
his mother → Suintila, rey de los visigodos
her father → Clodesinde
his mother → Brunichild
her mother → Atanagildo I, rey de los visigodos
her father → Amalarico I, rey de los Visigodos
his father → Alarico II, rey de los Visigodos
his father → Eurico I, rey de los Visigodos
his father → Theodoric I, King of the Visigoths
his fatherConsistency CheckShow short path | Share this path
You might be connected in other ways.
Show Me
Teodorico I of the Visigoths, King of the Visigoths MP
Spanish: Teodorico de los Visigodos, rey de los Visigodos
Gender: Male
Birth: circa 390
Dacia (south of the Danube River), Roman Empire
Death: June 20, 451 (56-65)
Battle of the Catalaunian Plains, (Present Châlons-en-Champagne), (Present département de la Marne), (Present Champagne-Ardenne), Gaul (Present France) (Battlefield near Troyes, France)
Place of Burial: (Present Pouan-les-Vallées), (Present département de l'Aube), (Present Champagne-Ardenne), Gaul (Present France)
Immediate Family:
Husband of N.N. and Unknown name wife of the Visigoths
Father of Eurico I, rey de los Visigodos; Himneriþ; Rikimer; Frideric; N.N. and 3 others
Added by: Kelsey Buckles on September 12, 2007
Managed by: Daniel Dupree Walton and 74 others
Curated by: Victar
0 Matches
Research this Person
3 Inconsistencies
Contact Profile Managers
View Tree
Edit Profile
Overview
Media (8)
Timeline
Discussions (2)
Sources
Revisions
DNA
About
English (default) history
Ben M. Angel summary:
FMG supports the proposition that Alaric was his father-in-law, rather than father. Seeing nothing else that supports his direct descent, I'd have to go with their research.
As a result, these are his relationships:
Parents: Unknown
Siblings: Unknown
Spouse: Unknown daughter of Alaric I, King of the Visigoths (395-410)
All children presumed to be from spouse (though likely some were from concubines).
1. Unknown daughter (d. after 442), married to (in 429) and repudiated by (in 442) Huneric I, King of the Vandals
2. Thorismund, King of the Visigoths (451-453)
3. Theoderic II, King of the Visigoths (453-466)
4. Frideric (Friderico), Visigoth military leader
5. Euric I, King of the Visigoths (b. after 435, 466-484)
6. Retemiris (Ricimer), Visigoth military leader
7. Himnerith, Visigoth military leader
8. Unknown daughter, m. 449 in Toulouse Richgar/Requiario, King of the Suevi (d. 456)
Other children may exist, but they are unidentified.
Basic information and justification:
Born: Unknown. We don't even know who his parents are (barring additional proof, Alaric is his father in law).
Death: 20 June 451, Chalons (Battle of the Catalaunian Plains) was either trampled to death after falling from his horse during a charge, or pierced with a spear (likely the former), from the English Wikipedia article.
Buried: Pouan (though there is some skepticism about the assertion that the "Treasures of Pouan" were associated with his remains).
Wedding: Unknown date and location.
Occupation: King of the Visigoths (418-451)
Alternate names: Theodorid, Teodorico. Note: He has been considered kin with the Balti, but he is actually an inlaw. It would be valid to call his children with his wife as part of the Balti Dynasty.
From the Foundation for Medieval Genealogy page on Toulouse (birth family not covered):
http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/TOULOUSE.htm#_Toc225040394
THEODERIC I 418-451, THORISMUND 451-453, THEODERIC II 453-466
THEODERIC [Theoderid], son of --- (-killed in battle near Troyes summer 451).
According to Grote[53], King Theoderic I was the son of King Walia but Wolfram says that nothing is known about the earlier life of Theoderic[54].
He was elected to succeed in 418 as THEODERIC I King of the Visigoths. Iordanes names "Theoderidum" as successor of "Vallia rex Gothorum" but does not specify any relationship between the two[55].
He completed the transfer of Visigothic activity from Spain to France based on Toulouse[56]. In 422, the Visigoths marched against the Vandals in Spain but deserted their Roman allies who suffered a serious defeat[57].
The Visigoths became more aggressive in their raids against Roman towns in Gaul, besieging Arles several times between 425 and 430, and Narbonne in 437. The Romans counter-attacked Toulouse in 439, although their leader Litorius was killed[58].
The Visigoths fought for the Romans against the Suevi in Spain in 446, but made an alliance with the latter in 449, confirmed by the marriage of Theoderic’s daughter to the Suevi king[59]. King Theoderic marched with his two eldest sons into Champagne in summer 451 against Attila the Hun.
He was killed in the battle of the Catalaunian fields in which the combined Roman/Visigothic forces defeated the Huns[60]. Iordanes records that he was killed "in campis statim Catalaunicisis"[61]. Gregory of Tours records that Theoderic King of the Goths was killed in battle against Attila in support of his allies the Franks[62]. The Chronica Regum Visigotthorum records that “Theuderedus” reigned for 33 years[63]. [64]
m --- of the Visigoths, daughter of ALARIC I King of the Visigoths & his wife ---.
King Theoderic I had more than nine children, although it is not known whether these were by his wife or by concubines:
1. daughter (-after 442).
She was sent back to her father at the time of the 442 revolt with her nose and ears mutilated[65].
m ([429] or after[66], repudiated 442) as his first wife, HUNERIC, son of GENSERIC King of the Vandals.
2. THORISMUND (-murdered 453).
Iordanes names (in order) "Friderichum et Eurichum, Retemerim et Himnerith" as four of the sons of "Theoderido", specifying that their father took his two older sons "Thorismud et Theodericum maiores natu" when he fought at the battle of the Catalaunian Fields, dated to 451[67]. Herimannus names "Torismod filius Theodorus rex Gothorum" when recording that he succeeded his father[68].
He was elected to succeed his father in 451 as THORISMUND King of the Visigoths. Iordanes records that he also fought "in campis statim Catalaunicisis" and succeeded after the death of his father in the same battle[69].
He made war on the Alans at Orléans and marched again on Arles[70].
The Chronicon of Bishop Idatius records that “Thorismo Rex Gothorum” was killed by “Theuderico et Frederico fratribus” in 453[71]. The Chronica Regum Visigotthorum records that “Thurismodus” reigned for three years[72].
3. THEODERIC (-murdered 466). (Son of King Theodoric 418-451)
Iordanes names (in order) "Friderichum et Eurichum, Retemerim et Himnerith" as four of the sons of "Theoderido", specifying that their father took his two older sons "Thorismud et Theodericum maiores natu" when he fought at the battle of the Catalaunian Fields, dated to 451[73].
Herimannus names "Theodericus frater Torismodo regi Gothorum" when recording that he succeeded his brother[74]. He was elected to succeed after murdering his brother in 453 as THEODERIC II King of the Visigoths. The Chronicon of Bishop Idatius records that “Thorismo Rex Gothorum” was killed by “Theuderico et Frederico fratribus” in 453 and that Theoderic succeeded to the throne[75]. Iordanes records that "Thederidus germanus eius" succeeded after the death of Thorismund but does not specify that he was responsible for his brother's death[76]. He invaded Spain in 454 in support of Emperor Avitus and inflicted a resounding defeat on the Suevi in 456[77]. The Chronicon Albeldense records that “Teudericus” entered Spain, defeated “Ricciarium Suevorum regem” in battle “Asturica apud Urbicum fluvium”, and pursued him into “Portucale” where he killed Requiario and captured “Bracarum”[78]. He returned to Toulouse in Mar 457 but left a Visigoth contingent which advanced through Betica, eventually taking partial control of Seville[79]. The Chronicon Albeldense records that “Teudericus” returned to Gaul after leaving Portugal and was killed “ab Eurico…fratre”[80]. Iordanes records that his brother Euric was suspected of involvement in the death of Theoderic[81]. The Chronica Regum Visigotthorum records that “Theudoricus” reigned for 7, otherwise 13, years[82].
4. FRIDERIC [Federico].
Iordanes names (in order) "Friderichum et Eurichum, Retemerim et Himnerith" as four of the sons of "Theoderido", specifying that their father took his two older sons "Thorismud et Theodericum maiores natu" when he fought at the battle of the Catalaunian Fields, dated to 451[83].
The Chronicon of Bishop Idatius records that “Thorismo Rex Gothorum” was killed by “Theuderico et Frederico fratribus” in 453[84]. He shared power jointly with his brother King Theoderic II[85]. He led a military incursion into Spain in 454[86].
5. EURIC ([after 435]-Arles [Dec] 484).
Iordanes names (in order) "Friderichum et Eurichum, Retemerim et Himnerith" as four of the sons of "Theoderido", specifying that their father took his two older sons "Thorismud et Theodericum maiores natu" when he fought at the battle of the Catalaunian Fields, dated to 451[87].
He was elected to succeed in 466 as EURIC King of the Visigoths after murdering his brother King Theoderic II.
6. RETEMERIS [Ricimer].
Iordanes names (in order) "Friderichum et Eurichum, Retemerim et Himnerith" as four of the sons of "Theoderido", specifying that their father took his two older sons "Thorismud et Theodericum maiores natu" when he fought at the battle of the Catalaunian Fields, dated to 451[88].
7. HIMNERITH.
Iordanes names (in order) "Friderichum et Eurichum, Retemerim et Himnerith" as four of the sons of "Theoderido", specifying that their father took his two older sons "Thorismud et Theodericum maiores natu" when he fought at the battle of the Catalaunian Fields, dated to 451[89].
8. daughter.
Isidor's Historia Gothorum, Wandalorum, Sueborum records that "Recciarius Reccilani filius" married "Theuderedi regis Gothorum filia"[90]. The Chronicon of Bishop Idatius records that “Rechiarius” married “Theodoris Regis filia” in 449[91].
Her marriage was arranged to confirm her father's alliance with the Suevi in Spain.
m (Toulouse 449[92]) REQUIARIO King of the Suevi in Spain, son of REQUILA King of the Suevi (-456).
9. other daughters[93].
References:
[53] Grote, H. (1877) Stammtafeln (reprint Leipzig, 1984), p. 17.
[54] Wolfram, H. (1998) History Of The Goths (Berkeley, California), pp. 174-5.
[55] Iordanes Getarum, MGH Auct. ant. V.1, p. 103.
[56] García-Guijarro Ramos, L. 'Las invasions bárbaras en Hispania y la creación del Reino Visigodo', Álvarez Palenzuela, V. Á. (coord.) (2002) Historia de España de la Edad Media (Barcelona), p. 11.
[57] Wolfram (1998), p. 175.
[58] Wolfram (1998), pp. 175-6.
[59] Wolfram (1998), p. 177.
[60] Wolfram (1998), p. 178.
[61] Iordanes Getarum, MGH Auct. ant. V.1, p. 113.
[62] Gregory of Tours, II.7, p. 118.
[63] Chronica Regum Visigotthorum, España Sagrada Tomo II, p. 172.
[64] Wolfram (1998), p. 174.
[65] Wolfram (1998), p. 177.
[66] Wolfram (1998), p. 177.
[67] Iordanes Getarum, MGH Auct. ant. V.1, XXXVI, p. 107.
[68] Herimanni Augiensis Chronicon 449, MHG SS V, p. 83.
[69] Iordanes Getarum, MGH Auct. ant. V.1, p. 113.
[70] Wolfram (1998), p. 178.
[71] Idatii Episcopi Chronicon, España Sagrada III, p. 368.
[72] Chronica Regum Visigotthorum, España Sagrada Tomo II, p. 172.
[73] Iordanes Getarum, MGH Auct. ant. V.1, XXXVI, p. 107.
[74] Herimanni Augiensis Chronicon 452, MHG SS V, p. 83.
[75] Idatii Episcopi Chronicon, España Sagrada III, p. 368.
[76] Iordanes Getarum, MGH Auct. ant. V.1, p. 113.
[77] Wolfram (1998), p. 179.
[78] Chronicon Albeldense 21, Patrologia Latina Vol. 129, col. 1134A.
[79] García-Guijarro (2002), p. 15.
[80] Chronicon Albeldense 21, Patrologia Latina Vol. 129, col. 1134A.
[81] Iordanes Getarum, MGH Auct. ant. V.1, p. 118.
[82] Chronica Regum Visigotthorum, España Sagrada Tomo II, p. 172.
[83] Iordanes Getarum, MGH Auct. ant. V.1, XXXVI, p. 107.
[84] Idatii Episcopi Chronicon, España Sagrada III, p. 368.
[85] Wolfram (1998), p. 202.
[86] Wolfram (1998), p. 178.
[87] Iordanes Getarum, MGH Auct. ant. V.1, XXXVI, p. 107.
[88] Iordanes Getarum, MGH Auct. ant. V.1, XXXVI, p. 107.
[89] Iordanes Getarum, MGH Auct. ant. V.1, XXXVI, p. 107.
[90] Isidori Historia Gothorum, Wandalorum, Sueborum 486, MGH Auct. ant. XI, p. 301.
[91] Idatii Episcopi Chronicon, España Sagrada III, p. 365.
[92] Wolfram (1998), p. 177.
[93] King Theoderic I had a "wealth of daughters" according to Wolfram (1998), p. 177.
From the English Wikipedia page on Theodoric I:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theodoric_I
Theodoric I, sometimes called Theodorid and in Spanish, Portuguese and Italian Teodorico, was the King of the Visigoths from 418 to 451. He was either the illegitimate son of Alaric[1] or his son-in-law[2]
Early career
In 418 he succeeded King Wallia. The Romans had ordered King Wallia to move his people from the Iberia to Gaul. As king, Theodoric completed the settlements of the Visigoths in Gallia Aquitania II, Novempopulana and Gallia Narbonensis, and then used the declining power of the Roman Empire to extend his territory to the south.
After the death of Emperor Honorius and the usurpation of Joannes in 423 internal power struggles broke out in the Roman Empire. Theodoric used this situation and tried to capture the important road junction Arelate (Arles), but the Magister militum Aëtius, who was assisted by the Huns, was able to save the city.[3]
The Visigoths concluded a treaty and were given Gallic noblemen as hostages. The later Emperor Avitus visited Theodoric, lived at his court and taught his sons.[4]
Expansion to the Mediterranean
Because the Romans had to fight against the Franks, who plundered Cologne and Trier in 435, and because of other events Theodoric saw the chance to conquer Narbo Martius (in 436) to obtain access to the Mediterranean Sea and the roads to the Pyrenees. But Litorius, with the aid of the Huns, could prevent the capture of the city and drove the Visigoths back to their capital Tolosa.[5] The peace offer of Theodoric was refused, but the king won the decisive battle at Tolosa, and Litorius soon died in Gothic imprisonment from the injuries, which he had received in this battle.[6] Avitus went – according to the orders of Aëtius – to Tolosa and offered a peace treaty which Theodoric accepted.[7] Perhaps the Romans recognized at that time the sovereignty of the Visigoth state.
Enmity with Vandals
A daughter of Theodoric had been married to Huneric, a son of the Vandal ruler Geiseric (in 429?), but Huneric later had ambitions to wed Eudocia, a daughter of the Emperor Valentinian III. He therefore accused the daughter of Theodoric of planning to kill him, and in 444 had her mutilated - her ears and nose cut off[8] - and sent back to her father.[9] This action caused an enmity between the Visigoths and the Vandals.
An enemy of Aëtius, the former Magister militum Sebastianus, came in 444 to Tolosa.[10] So there could have emerged strained relations with Aëtius, but Theodoric soon sent his unwelcome guest away who captured Barcelona and was later (in 450) executed at the orders of Geiseric.
Theodoric was also an enemy of the Suevic king Rechila in Iberia, because Visigoth troops assisted the imperial commander Vitus at his campaign against the Suevi in 446.[11] But the ability of this people to conduct a strong defence and the better relations between Geiseric and the Roman Empire led Theodoric to change his foreign policy. He therefore married in February 449 one of his daughters to the new Suevic king Rechiar, who visited his father-in-law at Tolosa in July 449.[12] At the return Rechiar devastated – according to the author Isidore of Seville with the assistance of Visigoth troops[13] – the surrounding area of the city Caesaraugusta and could take Ilerda with a cunning.
Some recent scientists doubt that Theodoric took legislative measures, as it was assumed in earlier times.[14]
Alliance against the Huns
When Attila the Hun advanced with his large army to Western Europe and invaded finally Gaul Avitus arranged an alliance between Theodoric and his long-standing enemy Aëtius against the Huns.[15] Probably Theodoric accepted this coalition because he recognized the danger of the Huns to his own realm. With his whole army and his sons Thorismund and Theodoric he joined Aëtius.
The Visigoth and Roman troops then saved the civitas Aurelianorum and forced Attila to withdraw (June 451).[16]
Battle of Châlons
Then Aëtius and Theodoric followed the Huns and fought against them at the Battle of Châlons near Troyes in about September 451. Most Visigoths fought at the right wing under the command of Theodoric but a smaller force fought at the left under the command of Thorismund.[17]
Theodoric's forces contributed decisively to the victory of the Romans, but he himself was killed during the battle. Jordanes records two different accounts of his death: one was that Theodoric was thrown from his horse and trampled to death; the second was that Theodoric was slain by the spear of the Ostrogoth Andag, who was the father of Jordanes's patron Gunthigis.
The body of Theodoric was only found at the next day. According to Gothic tradition he was mourned and buried by his warriors on the battlefield.[18] Immediately Thorismund was elected as successor of his father. Other sons of Theodoric were Theodoric II, Frederic, Euric, Retimer and Himnerith.[19]
Notes
1. ^ Gibbon, Edward. The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire.
http://ebooks.adelaide.edu.au/g/gibbon/edward/g43d/chapter35.html
2. ^ (see G. Kampers, 2005, p. 419)
3. ^ Prosper, Epitoma chronicon 1290, in: MGH Auctores antiquissimi (AA) 9, p. 471; Chronica Gallica of 452, 102, in: MGH AA 9, p. 658; Sidonius Apollinaris, letters 7. 12. 3
4. ^ Sidonius Apollinaris, carmen 7. 215sqq.; 7. 495sqq.
http://home.hccnet.nl/j.a.van.waarden/index.html
5. ^ Prosper, Epitoma chronicon 1324 and 1326, in: MGH AA 9, p. 475; Hydatius, chronicle 107 und 110, in: MGH AA 11, p. 22-23; Merobaudes, panegyric, fragment II A 23, in: Vollmer, MGH AA 14, p. 9; Sidonius Apollinaris, carmen 7. 246sqq.; 7. 475sqq.
6. ^ Prosper, Epitoma chronicon 1335, in: MGH AA 9, p. 476; Hydatius, chronicle 116, in: MGH AA 11, p. 23; Salvian, de gubernatione dei 7. 9. 39sqq.
7. ^ Prosper, Epitoma chronicon 1338, in: MGH AA 9, p. 477; Hydatius, chronicle 117, in: MGH AA 11, p. 23; Sidonius Apollinaris, carmen 7. 295sqq.
8. ^ "The Fall of the West" by Adrian Goldsworthy, W&N (2009), ISBN-13:978-0297845638 (page 330)
9. ^ Jordanes, Getica 36, 184
http://www.northvegr.org/histories%20and%20chronicles/the%20origins%20and%20deeds%20of%20the%20goths/index.html
10. ^ Hydatius, chronicle 129, in: MGH AA 11, p. 24 (dated into the year 444); Prosper, Epitoma chronicon 1342, in: MGH AA 9, p. 478 (wrongly dated into the year 440)
11. ^ Hydatius, chronicle 134, in: MGH AA 11, p. 24
12. ^ Hydatius, chronicle 140 and 142, in: MGH AA 11, p. 25; Jordanes, Getica 44. 229 and 231
13. ^ Isidore, Historia Gothorum, Vandalorum et Suevorum 87, in: MGH AA 11, p. 301
http://la.wikisource.org/wiki/Historia_de_regibus_Gothorum,_Vandalorum_et_Suevorum
14. ^ G. Kampers, RGA, vol. 30, p. 420
15. ^ Sidonius Apollinaris, carmen 7. 332sqq.; 7. 336sqq.; 7. 352sqq.; Prosper, Epitoma chronicon 1364, in: MGH AA 9, p. 481; compare Jordanes, Getica 36. 187sqq.
16. ^ Sidonius Apollinaris, carmen 7, 346sqq.; letters 7. 12. 3; 8. 15. 1; Jordanes, Getica 37. 195; Gregory of Tours, Historia Francorum 2. 7; Vita S. Aniani 7 und 10, in: MGH, Scriptores rerum Merovingicarum 3. 112-113; 3. 115-116
17. ^ Jordanes, Getica 38. 197 and 201
18. ^ Jordanes, Getica 40. 209 and 41. 214; Hydatius, chronicle 150, in: MGH AA 11, p. 26
19. ^ Jordanes, Getica 36. 190
References
G. Kampers: Theoderid. In: Reallexikon der Germanischen Altertumskunde (RGA). vol. 30 (2005), p. 419-421.
Wilhelm Enßlin: Theoderich I. In: Realencyclopädie der Classischen Altertumswissenschaft, vol. V A 2, col. 1735-1740.
http://de.wikisource.org/wiki/Paulys_Realencyclop%C3%A4die_der_classischen_Altertumswissenschaft
External links
Edward Gibbon, History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, chapter 35
http://ebooks.adelaide.edu.au/g/gibbon/edward/g43d/chapter35.html
---
King Theodoric I of the Visigoths
Balti dynasty
Died: 451
Regnal titles
King of the Visigoths 418–451
Preceded by Wallia
Succeeded by Thorismund
From the English Wikipedia page on the Battle of the Catalaunian Plains, where he died:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Ch%C3%A2lons
Battle of Châlons
Part of the Hunnic invasion of Gaul
Date: June 20, 451
Location: Somewhere in the northeastern part of present-day France
Result: Tactically inconclusive; withdrawal of the Huns; Strategic Roman/Visigothic victory
Belligerents:
Western Roman Empire (under Flavius Aetius), Franks (under Merovech), Visigoths (under Theodoric, killed in battle), Burgundians (under Gondioc), Alani (under Sangiban), Saxons, Armoricans, Sarmatians: 30,000 men.
Hunnic Empire (under Attila), Ostrogoths (under Valamir), Gepids (under Ardaric), Rugians (under Berik), Scirii, Thuringians, Scythians, Bastarnae, Taifals, Alamanni: 30,000 men.
Casualties and losses: unknown
---
The Battle of the Catalaunian Plains (or Fields), also called the Battle of Châlons (also spelled Chalons or Chalon), took place in 451 between a coalition led by the Roman general Flavius Aetius and the Visigothic king Theodoric I on one side and the Huns and their allies commanded by Attila on the other. It was one of the last major military operations of the Western Roman Empire and marks the apex of the career of Flavius Aetius. The battle resulted in a defeat for the Huns and considerably hindered their attempt to conquer western Europe.
Prelude
By 450 Roman control of Gaul had grown feeble, as had control over all of the provinces beyond Italy. Celtic Armorica was only nominally part of the empire. Germanic tribes prowling around Roman territory had been forcibly settled and served as foederati under their own leaders. Northern Gaul between the Rhine and Marne rivers (Gallia Belgica) had unofficially been abandoned to the Franks.
The Visigoths in Gallia Aquitania were growing restive. The Burgundians near the Alps were more submissive, but likewise awaiting openings for revolt. The only parts still securely in Roman control were the Mediterranean coastline, a band of varying width running from Aurelianum (present-day Orléans) upstream along the Loire and one downstream along the Rhône River
The historian Jordanes states that Attila was enticed by the Vandals' king Gaiseric to wage war on the Visigoths. At the same time, Gaiseric would attempt to sow strife between the Visigoths and the Western Roman Empire (Getica 36.184–6).[1]
Other contemporary writers offer different motivations: Honoria, a troublesome sister of Emperor Valentinian III, had been married off to the loyal senator Herculanus a few years before. This kept her in respectable confinement. In 450, she sent a message to the Hunnic king asking for Attila's help in escaping her confinement. She offered her hand in marriage, and half of the empire as dowry. He demanded Honoria to be delivered along with the dowry. Valentinian rejected these demands, and Attila used it as an excuse to launch a destructive campaign through Gaul.[2]
Attila crossed the Rhine early in 451 with his followers and a large number of allies, sacking Divodurum (Metz) on April 7. Other cities attacked can be determined by the hagiographic vitae written to commemorate their bishops: Nicasius was slaughtered before the altar of his church in Rheims; Servatus is alleged to have saved Tongeren with his prayers, as Genevieve is to have saved Paris.[3] Lupus, bishop of Troyes, is also credited with saving his city by meeting Attila in person.[4]
Attila's army had reached Aurelianum (Orléans) by June. This fortified city guarded an important crossing over the Loire. According to Jordanes, the Alan king Sangiban, whose foederati realm included Aurelianum, had promised to open the city gates;[5] this siege is confirmed by the account of the Vita S. Anianus and in the later account of Gregory of Tours,[6] although Sangiban's name does not appear in their accounts.
However, the inhabitants of Aurelianum shut their gates against the advancing invaders. Attila began to besiege the city, while he waited for Sangiban to deliver on his promise.
Battle
Upon learning of the invasion, the Magister militum Flavius Aetius moved quickly from Italy into Gaul. According to Sidonius Apollinaris, he was leading forth a force consisting of few and sparse auxiliaries without one regular soldier.[7]
He immediately attempted to convince Theodoric I to join him. The Visigothic king learned how few troops Aëtius had with him and decided it was wiser to wait to oppose the Huns in his own lands. Aetius turned then to the powerful local magnate Avitus for help, who was not only able to convince Theodoric to join with the Romans, but also a number of other wavering "barbarians" resident in Gaul.[8]
The combined armies then marched for Aurelianum (Orléans), reaching that city about June 14.
According to the author of the Vita S. Anianus, they had reached the besieged Aurelianum literally at the last possible minute. Attila's men had made a breach in the city's walls and had positioned a party within the city. At this very moment, news of an advancing hostile army reached the Huns. They were virtually in control of the city, but to keep it meant to be besieged in it.
Hence they broke camp and proceeded back homewards, doubtless looking for an advantageous spot to make a stand. Theodoric and Aetius followed in close pursuit.
The two forces at last met at the Catalaunian Fields on June 20, a date first proposed by J.B. Bury[9] and since accepted by many, although some sources claim September 20.
The night before the main battle, one of the Frankish forces on the Roman side encountered a band of the Gepids loyal to Attila. Jordanes' recorded number of 15,000 dead on either side for this skirmish[10] is not verifiable.
In accordance to Hunnic customs, Attila had his diviners examine the entrails of a sacrifice the morning before battle. They foretold disaster would befall the Huns and one of the enemy leaders would be killed. At the risk of his own life and hoping for Aetius to die, Attila at last gave the orders for combat, but delayed until the ninth hour so the impending sunset would help his troops to flee the battlefield in case of defeat.[11]
According to Jordanes, the Catalaunian plain rose on one side by a sharp slope to a ridge. This geographical feature dominated the battlefield and became the center of the battle. The Huns first seized the right side of the ridge, while the Romans seized the left, with the crest unoccupied between them. (Jordanes explains that the Visigoths held the right side, the Romans the left, with Sangiban of uncertain loyalty and his Alans surrounded in the middle.)
When the Hunnic forces attempted to seize the decisive central position, they were foiled by the Roman alliance. Their troops had arrived first and repulsed the Hunnic advance. The Hunnic warriors fled in disorder back into their own forces, thereby disordering the rest of Attila's army.[12]
Attila attempted to rally his forces, struggling to hold his position. Meanwhile Theodoric, while leading his own men after the disordered enemy, was killed in the assault without his men noticing. Jordanes states that Theodoric was thrown from his horse and trampled to death by his advancing men, but he also mentions another story that had Theodoric slain by the spear of the Ostrogoth Andag. Since Jordanes served as the notary of Andag's son Gunthigis, even if this latter story is not true, this version was certainly a proud family tradition.[13]
The Visigoths outstripped the speed of the Alans beside them and fell upon Attila's own Hunnic household unit. Attila was forced to seek refuge in his own camp, which he had fortified with wagons. The Romano-Gothic charge apparently swept past the Hunnic camp in pursuit; when night fell, Thorismund, son of king Theodoric, returning to friendly lines, mistakenly entered Attila's encampment. There he was wounded in the ensuing mêlée before his followers could rescue him.
Darkness also separated Aetius from his own men. As he feared that disaster had befallen them, he spent the rest of the night with his Gothic allies.[14]
On the following day, finding the battlefields "were piled high with bodies and the Huns did not venture forth", the Goths and Romans met to decide their next move. Knowing that Attila was low on provisions and "was hindered from approaching by a shower of arrows placed within the confines of the Roman camp", they started to besiege his camp. In this desperate situation, Attila remained unbowed and "heaped up a funeral pyre of horse saddles, so that if the enemy should attack him, he was determined to cast himself into the flames, that none might have the joy of wounding him and that the lord of so many races might not fall into the hands of his foes".[15]
While Attila was trapped in his camp, the Visigoths searched for their missing king and his son Thorismund. After a long search, they found Theodoric's body beneath a mound of corpses and bore him away with heroic songs in sight of the enemy.
Upon learning of his father's death, Thorismund wanted to assault Attila's camp, but Aetius dissuaded him. According to Jordanes, Aetius feared that if the Huns were completely destroyed, the Visigoths would break off their allegiance to the Roman Empire and become an even graver threat. So Aetius convinced Thorismund to quickly return home and secure the throne for himself, before his brothers could. Otherwise, civil war would ensue among the Visigoths.
Thorismund quickly returned to Tolosa (present-day Toulouse) and became king without any resistance. Gregory of Tours (Historia Francorum 2.7) claims Aëtius used the same stratagem to dismiss his Frankish allies, and collected the booty of the battlefield for himself.
On the Visigoths' withdrawal, Attila first believed it to be a feigned retreat to draw his battered forces out into the open for annihilation. So he remained within his defences for some time before he risked leaving his camp and returned home.[16]
]Forces
Both armies consisted of combatants from many peoples. Jordanes lists Aetius' allies as including (besides the Visigoths) both the Salic and Ripuarian Franks, Sarmatians, Armoricans, Liticians, Burgundians, Saxons, librones (whom he describes as "once Roman soldiers and now the flower of the allied forces"), and other Celtic or German tribes.[17]
Jordanes' list for Attila's allies includes the Gepids under their king Ardaric, as well as an Ostrogothic army led by the brothers Valamir, Theodemir (the father of the later Ostrogothic king Theodoric the Great) and Widimer, scions of the Amali.[18]
Sidonius offers a more extensive list of allies: Rugians, Gepids, Gelonians, Burgundians, Sciri, Bellonotians, Neurians, Bastarnae, Thuringians, Bructeri, and Franks living along the Neckar River[19] E.A. Thompson expresses his suspicions that some of these names are drawn from literary traditions rather than from the event itself.
The Bastarnae, Bructeri, Geloni and Neuri had disappeared hundreds of years before the time of the Huns, while the Bellonoti had never existed at all: presumably the learned poet was thinking of the Balloniti, a people invented by Valerius Flaccus nearly four centuries earlier.[20]
On the other hand, Thompson believes that the presence of Burgundians on the Hunnic side is credible, noting that a group is documented as remaining east of the Rhine; likewise, he believes that the other peoples Sidonius alone mentions—the Rugians, Scirans and Thuringians—were likely participants in this battle.
However, the number of participants for either side—or in total—is entirely speculative. Jordanes reports the number of dead from this battle as 165,000, excluding the casualties of the Franko-Gepid skirmish previous to the main battle. Hydatius, a historian who lived at the time of Attila's invasion, reports the number of 300,000 dead. No primary source offers an estimate for the number of participants.
The figures of both Jordanes and Hydatius are implausibly high. Thompson remarks in a footnote, "I doubt that Attila could have fed an army of even 30,000 men."[21]
As a reference, in the early 3rd century, the Roman Empire maintained 30 legions with just under 5,200 actual men each; if we follow the general assumption that the number of auxiliaries matched the number of legionaries, then add the Praetorian Guard as 5,000 strong, and six Urban Cohorts, we find that the Empire at its height fielded a grand total of 323,000 soldiers across its territories.[22]
A better sense of the size of the forces may be found in the study of the Notitia Dignitatum by A.H.M. Jones.[23] This document is a list of officials and military units that was last updated in the first decades of the 5th century. Notitia Dignitatum lists 58 various regular units, and 33 limitanei serving either in the Gallic provinces or on the frontiers nearby; the total of these units, based on Jones analysis, is 34,000 for the regular units and 11,500 for the limitanei, or just under 46,000 all told.
While the Roman forces in Gaul had become much smaller by this time, if we accept this number as the total of all of the forces fighting with Theodoric and Aetius, we should not be too far off. Assuming that the Hunnic forces were roughly the same size as the Romano-Gothic, the number involved in battle is just under 100,000 combatants in total. This excludes the inevitable servants and camp followers who usually escape mention.
Site of the Catalaunian Fields
The actual location of the Catalaunian Fields is not known with certainty: Historian Thomas Hodgkin located the site near Méry-sur-Seine,[24] but current consensus[citation needed] places the battlefield at Châlons-en-Champagne.
In 1842, a labourer uncovered a burial at Pouan-les-Vallées (Aube), a village on the south bank of the Aube River, that consisted of a skeleton with a number of jewels and gold ornaments and buried with two swords; by the nature of its grave goods this elite burial was of a princely Germanic warrior who lived in the 5th century.
The Treasure of Pouan is conserved in the Musée Saint-Loup (Musée d'Art d'Archéologie et de Sciences Naturelles), Troyes.
The archeologist who described this find, Achille Peigné-Delacourt (1797–1881), claimed that these were the remains of Theodoric, but 20th-century historians generally have expressed their scepticism over this identification.
Notes:
1. ^ The Getica (or "Gothic History"), our principal source for this battle, is the work of Jordanes, who acknowledges that his work is based on Cassiodorus' own Gothic History, written between 526 and 533. However, the philologist Theodor Mommsen argued that Jordanes' detailed description of the battle was copied from lost writings of the Greek historian Priscus. It is available in an English translation by Charles Christopher Mierow, The Gothic History of Jordanes (Cambridge: Speculum Historiale, 1966, a reprint of the 1915 second edition); all quotations of Jordanes are taken from this edition, which is in the public domain.
http://people.ucalgary.ca/~vandersp/Courses/texts/jordgeti.html
2. ^ A modern narrative based these sources can be found in E.A. Thompson, The Huns (Oxford: Blackwell, 1996), pp. 144–48. This is a posthumous revision by Peter Heather of Thompson's A History of Attila and the Huns, originally published in 1948.
3. ^ The vitae are summarized in Thomas Hodgkin, Italy and Her Invaders (New York: Russell & Russell, 1967 reprint of the original 1880–89 edition), volume II pp. 128ff.
4. ^ Catholic Online article on St. Lupus:
http://www.catholic.org/saints/saint.php?saint_id=712
5. ^ Getica 36.194f;
6. ^ Historia Francorum 2.7.
7. ^ Sidonius Apollinaris, Carmina 7.329f.
8. ^ Sidonius Apollinaris, Carmina 7.332–356.
9. ^ Bury, History of the Later Roman Empire from the Death of Theodosius I to the Death of Justinian, 1923 (New York: Dover, 1958), p. 29 n.59.
http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/secondary/BURLAT/9*.html
10. ^ Getica 41.217
11. ^ Getica 37.196
12. ^ Getica 38.
13. ^ Getica 40.209.
14. ^ Getica 40.209–212.
15. ^ Getica 40.213.
16. ^ Getica 41.214–217.
17. ^ Getica 36.191.
18. ^ Getica 38.199.
19. ^ Carmina 7.321–325.
20. ^ E.A. Thompson, The Huns, p. 149.
21. ^ Thompson, The Huns, endnote 65, on page 300.
22. ^ This figure is based on a similar calculation made by Chester G. Starr in The Roman Empire 27 B.C. – 476 A.D. (New York: Oxford University Press, 1982), p. 88.
23. ^ A.H.M. Jones, The Later Roman Empire (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins, 1986 reprint of the 1964 original), pp. 1417–50.
24. ^ Hodgkin, Italy and Her Invaders, volume II, pp. 160–2.
http://www.archive.org/stream/italyandherinva08hodggoog#page/n8/mode/1up
Further reading
J.F.C. Fuller, "The Battle of Chalons", A Military History of the Western World: From he Earliest Times To The Battle of Lepanto, Da Capo Press, New York, vol. 1. pp. 282–301 ISBN 0-306-80304-6.
Man, John, Attila: The Barbarian King Who Challenged Rome New York: Thomas Dunne Books, 2006.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Battle of Chalons
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Battle_of_Chalons
External links
Sir Edward Creasy's chapter on the Battle of Chalons at Literaturemania.com (Non-functional link):
http://www.literaturemania.com/tfdbt10/page19.asp
History of the Later Roman Empire (1923) at LacusCurtius (Webcached):
http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/secondary/BURLAT/home.html
From the French Wikipedia page on the Catalaunes:
http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalaunes
Les Catalaunes (Catalauni en latin) sont un peuple gaulois dont le nom celte signifie « les meilleurs au combat ». Leur territoire se situait dans l’actuelle région de Châlons-en-Champagne (Marne)
On sait très peu de choses. Jules César, dans sa guerre des Gaules, ne les cite pas.
Ce peuple gaulois disposait d'un important oppidum à La Cheppe, au lieu-dit du Vieux Châlons, oppidum généralement appelé « le camp d'Attila », le « fléau de Dieu » l'ayant utilisé, selon la légende, comme camp retranché lors de la bataille des champs Catalauniques (20 juin 451).
Les historiens considèrent que la tribu des Catalaunes était tributaire des Rèmes, dont le centre politique était Durocortorum, l'actuelle ville de Reims, distante de 45 km de Châlons-en-Champagne, ville dont le nom dérive de Catalaunum, parfois appelée Duro Catalaunum, garnison romaine implantée le long de la voie Agrippa, sur une des îles de la Marne, vers 20 avant JC.
Châlons ou Chaalons (Châlons-sur-Marne devenue Châlons-en-Champagne en 1995) était une des stations Durocatalaunos source du voyage d'Antonin ( n° vers 361 ).Des tombes furent découvertes en 1891, en creusant les fondations des nouveaux bâtiments du collège Saint-Etienne , élevé sur l'emplacement du vieil Evéché. A 4 mêtres de profondeur, les ouvriers ont découvert des monuments avec les inscriptions suivantes :fur(ius ) Antonimus cir(cilor) n(umeri) Dal(matarum) vixit preuves du passage d'Antonin. (source abbé Puiseux).
In English:
The Catalaunes (Catalaunian in Latin) were a Gallic tribe whose name in Celtic means "best in combat". Their territory was in the present region of Chalons-en-Champagne (Departement de la Marne). We know very little about them. Julius Caesar, in his Gallic Wars, did not describe them.
The Gallic people had an important oppidum at La Cheppe, at a location called the Old Chalons Oppidum, or more generally "The Camp of Attila," the so-called "Scourge of God" who had used, according to legend, the place as an entrenched camp during the Battle of Chalons (20 June 451).
Historians believe that the tribe was dependent on Catalaunian Remi, whose political center was Durocortorum, present Rheims, 45 km away from Chalons-en-Champagne, a city whose name is attached to Catalaunum, sometimes called Duro Catalaunum. A Roman garrison was placed here along the Via Agrippa on an island in the Marne sometime around 20 BC.
Chalons or Chaalons (formerly Chalons-sur-Marne before 1995) was one of the Durocatalaunos stations involved with the Antonin journey (No. 361). Graves were discovered in 1891 while digging the foundation for new buildings at the College St-Etienne, built on the site of an old Bishopric. At 4 meters depth, workmen discovered monuments with the following inscriptions "fur(ius ) Antonimus cir(cilor) n(umeri) Dal(matarum) vixit preuves du passage d'Antonin". (Source: abbé Puiseux)
Sources
Histoire de Châlons-sur-Marne de Georges Clause et Jean-Pierre Ravaux, éditions Horvath, 1983.
d'après les sources de l'Abbé Puiseux
Voir aussi
Champs Catalauniques
http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teodorico_I
Teodorico I o Teodoredo I (¿? – 451) fue un rey de los visigodos. Era hijo ilegítimo de Alarico,[1] y en el año 418 sucedió a Walia, reinando hasta el 451. Con él comienza el linaje de Tolosa (Toulouse). Completó el asentamiento de los visigodos en Aquitania y expandió sus dominios a Hispania.
Biografía [editar]
Los romanos habían ordenado a Walia abandonar Hispania y trasladarse con su gente a Galia. Por lo tanto Teodorico, como su sucesor, completó los asentamientos visigóticos en Gallia Aquitania II, Novempopulania y Gallia Narbonensis. Pero los visigodos no tenían acceso al Mar Mediterráneo. Fue entonces que Teodorico aprovechó la decadencia del Imperio Romano para extender sus territorios hacia el sur. Tras la muerte del emperador Flavio Honorio y la usurpación de Joannes en 423, ocurrieron pugnas dentro del Imperio, y Teodorico intentó conquistar Arlés, pero se lo impidió el Magister militum Aecio, quien fue asistido por los hunos.[2] Entonces los visigodos acordaron un tratado y se les dio nobles galos como rehenes. Como hecho anecdótico, se puede mencionar que el futuro emperador Avito visitó a Teodorico, vivió en su corte e inclusive educó a sus hijos.[3]
Como los romanos tuvieron que enfrentarse a los francos, quienes saquearon Colonia y Tréveris en el 435, y por otros eventos, Teodorico vio la oportunidad de conquistar Narbo Martius (en 436) para obtener acceso al Mediterráneo y a los caminos a los Pirineos. Pero Litorio, también con la ayuda de los hunos, logró impedir la toma de la ciudad y envió a los visigodos de vuelta a su capital Tolosa.[4] La oferta de paz de Teodorico fue rehusada, pero el rey venció en una decisiva batalla en Tolosa, y Litorio pronto murió en cautiverio a causa de las heridas recibidas en la batalla.[5] En ese momento Avito fue a Tolosa (siguiendo las órdenes de Aecio) y ofreció un tratado de paz, que Teodorico aceptó.[6]
Cuando Atila avanzó con su gran ejército hacia Europa Occidental e invadió Galia, Avito logró formar una alianza entre Teodorico y su viejo rival Aecio contra los hunos.[7] Se puede conjeturar que Teodorico aceptó esta coalición porque reconoció el peligro que representaban los hunos para su propio reino. Con su ejército entero y sus hijos Turismundo y Teodorico se unió a Aecio, salvaron la civitas Aurelianorum y obligaron a Atila a retirarse (en junio de 451).[8]
Teodorico murió a mediados de septiembre de 451 en la batalla de los Campos Cataláunicos, en la que la federación formada por romanos, visigodos, alanos, burgundios y francos derrotaron a las huestes de Atila, quien además de los hunos, guiaba a guerreros ostrogodos, escitas, hérulos, gépidos, sármatas y otras tribus germánicas menores.
Fue sucedido por su hijo Turismundo, el cual fue elegido rey en el mismo campo de batalla en que había caído su padre.
Teodorico I o Teodoredo I (? - 451), fue rey de los visigodos desde el año 418 hasta el 451. Era el hijo ilegítimo de Alarico. Con él comienza el linaje de Tolosa (Toulouse). Completó el asentamiento de los Visigodos en Aquitania y expandió sus dominios a Hispania.
Murió en el año 451 en la batalla de los Campos Cataláunicos, en la que la federación formada por romanos, visigodos, alanos, burgundios y francos derrotaron a las huestes de Atila, quién además de los hunos, guiaba a guerreros ostrogodos, escitas, hérulos, gépidos, sármatas y otras tribus germánicas menores.
Fue sucedido por su hijo Turismundo, el cual fue elegido rey en el mismo campo de batalla en que había caído su padre.
(http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teodorico_I)
He was a beneficiary of the roman emperor granting the rich lands of Aquitaine to the visigoths, with capital in Tolosa (Toulouse), where he reigned 419-451. The major event of his career was in the Battle of Chalons (near Orleans) where his forces crucially aided the roman general Aetius in stopping Attila. He died during the battle, in the summer of 451.
http://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theoderik_I
Theodorik I was koning van de Visigoten (418-451). Hij groeide op als gijzelaar aan het Romeinse hof en was de jongere broer van Wallia. Gedurende zijn lange regeringsperiode versterkte hij geleidelijk aan de positie van de Visigoten in Gallië. Gedeeltelijk door diplomatieke handigheid en door middel van geweld groeide onder zijn leiderschap de nauwe band tussen de Visigoten en het West-Romeinse Rijk uit tot een hoge mate van autonomie.
Theodoric I, sometimes called Theodorid and in Spanish, Portuguese and Italian Teodorico, was the King of the Visigoths from 418–451. He was the illegitimate son of Alaric. In 418 he succeeded King Wallia.
The Romans had ordered king Wallia to leave Spain and move with his people to Gaul. As king Theodoric completed the settlements of the Visigoths in Gallia Aquitania II, Novempopulana and Gallia Narbonensis. But the Visigoths had no access to the Mediterranean Sea. Theodoric then used the declining power of the Roman Empire to extend his territory to the south. After the death of Emperor Honorius and the usurpation of Joannes in 423 internal power struggles broke out in the Roman Empire. Theodoric used this situation and tried to capture the important road junction Arelate, but the Magister militum Aëtius, who was assisted by the Huns, was able to save the city. The Visigoths concluded a treaty and were given Gallic noblemen as hostages. The later Emperor Avitus visited Theodoric, lived at his court and taught his sons.
Because the Romans had to fight against the Franks, who plundered Cologne and Trier in 435, and because of other events Theodoric saw the chance to conquer Narbo Martius (in 436) to obtain access to the Mediterranean Sea and the roads to the Pyrenees. But Litorius, with the aid of the Huns, could prevent the capture of the city and drove the Visigoths back to their capital Tolosa. The peace offer of Theodoric was refused, but the king won the decisive battle at Tolosa, and Litorius soon died in Gothic imprisonment from the injuries, which he had received in this battle. Avitus went – according to the orders of Aëtius – to Tolosa and offered a peace treaty which Theodoric accepted. Perhaps the Romans recognized at that time the sovereignty of the Visigoth state.
A daughter of Theodoric had been married to Huneric, a son of the Vandal ruler Geiseric (in 429?), but later there was a possibility to marry Huneric to Eudocia, a daughter of the Emperor Valentinian III. Therefore Geiseric accused the daughter of Theodoric that she had planned to kill him; so in 444 she was mutilated and sent back to her father. This action caused an enmity between the Visigoths and the Vandals. An enemy of Aëtius, the former Magister militum Sebastianus, came in 444 to Tolosa. So there could have emerged strained relations to Aëtius, but Theodoric soon sent his unwelcome guest away who captured Barcelona and was later (in 450) executed at the orders of Geiseric. Theodoric was also an enemy of the Suevic king Rechila in Spain, because Visigoth troops assisted the imperial commander Vitus at his campaign against the Suevi in 446. But the ability of this people to conduct a strong defence and the better relations between Geiseric and the Roman Empire led Theodoric to change his foreign policy. He therefore married in February 449 one of his daughters to the new Suevic king Rechiar, who visited his father-in-law at Tolosa in July 449. At the return Rechiar devastated – according to the author Isidore of Seville with the assistance of Visigoth troops – the surrounding area of the city Caesaraugusta and could take Ilerda with a cunning.
Recent scientists doubt, that Theodoric took legislative measures, as it was assumed in earlier times.
When Attila the Hun advanced with his large army to Western Europe and invaded finally Gaul Avitus arranged an alliance between Theodoric and his long-standing enemy Aëtius against the Huns. Probably Theodoric accepted this coalition because he recognized the danger of the Huns to his own realm. With his whole army and his sons Thorismund and Theodoric he joined Aëtius. The Visigoth and Roman troops then saved the civitas Aurelianorum and forced Attila to withdraw (June 451). They followed the Huns and fought against them at the Battle of Chalons near Troyes in about September 451. The most Visigoths fought at the right wing under the command of Theodoric but a smaller force also at the left wing under the command of Thorismund. The troops of Theodoric contributed decisively to the victory of the Romans. Jordanes records two different accounts of his death: one was that Theodoric was thrown from his horse and trampled to death; the second was that Theodoric was slain by the spear of the Ostrogoth Andag, who was the father of Jordanes's patron Gunthigis. The body of Theodoric was only found at the next day. According to Gothic tradition he was mourned and buried by his warriors on the battlefield. Immediately Thorismund was elected as successor of his father. Other sons of Theodoric were Theodoric II, Frederic, Euric, Retimer and Himnerith.
Theodoric I, sometimes called Theodorid and in Spanish, Portuguese and Italian Teodorico, was the King of the Visigoths from 418–451. He was the illegitimate son of Alaric. In 418 he succeeded King Wallia.
The Romans had ordered king Wallia to leave Spain and move with his people to Gaul. As king Theodoric completed the settlements of the Visigoths in Gallia Aquitania II, Novempopulana and Gallia Narbonensis. But the Visigoths had no access to the Mediterranean Sea. Theodoric then used the declining power of the Roman Empire to extend his territory to the south. After the death of Emperor Honorius and the usurpation of Joannes in 423 internal power struggles broke out in the Roman Empire. Theodoric used this situation and tried to capture the important road junction Arelate, but the Magister militum Aëtius, who was assisted by the Huns, was able to save the city. The Visigoths concluded a treaty and were given Gallic noblemen as hostages. The later Emperor Avitus visited Theodoric, lived at his court and taught his sons.
Because the Romans had to fight against the Franks, who plundered Cologne and Trier in 435, and because of other events Theodoric saw the chance to conquer Narbo Martius (in 436) to obtain access to the Mediterranean Sea and the roads to the Pyrenees. But Litorius, with the aid of the Huns, could prevent the capture of the city and drove the Visigoths back to their capital Tolosa. The peace offer of Theodoric was refused, but the king won the decisive battle at Tolosa, and Litorius soon died in Gothic imprisonment from the injuries, which he had received in this battle. Avitus went – according to the orders of Aëtius – to Tolosa and offered a peace treaty which Theodoric accepted. Perhaps the Romans recognized at that time the sovereignty of the Visigoth state.
A daughter of Theodoric had been married to Huneric, a son of the Vandal ruler Geiseric (in 429?), but later there was a possibility to marry Huneric to Eudocia, a daughter of the Emperor Valentinian III. Therefore Geiseric accused the daughter of Theodoric that she had planned to kill him; so in 444 she was mutilated and sent back to her father. This action caused an enmity between the Visigoths and the Vandals. An enemy of Aëtius, the former Magister militum Sebastianus, came in 444 to Tolosa. So there could have emerged strained relations to Aëtius, but Theodoric soon sent his unwelcome guest away who captured Barcelona and was later (in 450) executed at the orders of Geiseric. Theodoric was also an enemy of the Suevic king Rechila in Spain, because Visigoth troops assisted the imperial commander Vitus at his campaign against the Suevi in 446. But the ability of this people to conduct a strong defence and the better relations between Geiseric and the Roman Empire led Theodoric to change his foreign policy. He therefore married in February 449 one of his daughters to the new Suevic king Rechiar, who visited his father-in-law at Tolosa in July 449. At the return Rechiar devastated – according to the author Isidore of Seville with the assistance of Visigoth troops – the surrounding area of the city Caesaraugusta and could take Ilerda with a cunning.
Recent scientists doubt, that Theodoric took legislative measures, as it was assumed in earlier times.
When Attila the Hun advanced with his large army to Western Europe and invaded finally Gaul Avitus arranged an alliance between Theodoric and his long-standing enemy Aëtius against the Huns. Probably Theodoric accepted this coalition because he recognized the danger of the Huns to his own realm. With his whole army and his sons Thorismund and Theodoric he joined Aëtius. The Visigoth and Roman troops then saved the civitas Aurelianorum and forced Attila to withdraw (June 451). They followed the Huns and fought against them at the Battle of Chalons near Troyes in about September 451. The most Visigoths fought at the right wing under the command of Theodoric but a smaller force also at the left wing under the command of Thorismund. The troops of Theodoric contributed decisively to the victory of the Romans. Jordanes records two different accounts of his death: one was that Theodoric was thrown from his horse and trampled to death; the second was that Theodoric was slain by the spear of the Ostrogoth Andag, who was the father of Jordanes's patron Gunthigis. The body of Theodoric was only found at the next day. According to Gothic tradition he was mourned and buried by his warriors on the battlefield. Immediately Thorismund was elected as successor of his father. Other sons of Theodoric were Theodoric II, Frederic, Euric, Retimer and Himnerith.
50o) Teodorico 1o, n. cerca de 390, fal. 451, 4o Rei Godo (419-451), fundador do Reino de Toulouse-Aquitania, com a capital em Bordeaux, e identificado como o 1o reino bárbaro solidamente estabelecido em solo do Império Romano em um “foedus“ ou seja, um território cedido pelo Imperador Romano, em 418, pelo regime de “hospitalitas”. Teodorico morreu em 451, defendendo Toulouse do ataque de Átila, Rei dos Hunos. O Reino de Toulouse durou até 507 quando o seu neto Alarico 2o foi derrotado em Voillé, por Clovis Meroveu, Rei dos Francos. Pai de:
Roi des Wisigoths
4º REI VISIGODO da Espanha. Entronizado em 419 e faleceu em 451 na batalha de Toulouse, contra Átila, o Huno.
His ancestry is found elsewhere on this tree.
The Brave's father was King Alaric of the Visigoths I and his mother was Galla Placida Rome. His maternal grandparents were Theodosius I and Galla Valentiniana of Rome. He had a sister named Basina. He was the older of the two children. He had a half-brother and a half-sister, named Flavius and Justa.
Died fighting Atilla
http://gw.geneanet.org/nobily?lang=fr;pz=elisabeth+therese+marie+helene;nz=de+belgique;ocz=0;p=theodoric;n=amales (Théodoric Amales) Titres: Roi des Wisigoths (418)
show less
View All
Immediate Family
Text View
Showing 10 people
Unknown name wife of the Visigoths
wife
N.N.
wife
Eurico I, rey de los Visigodos
son
Himneriþ
son
Rikimer
son
Frideric
son
N.N.
daughter
N.N.
daughter
Thorismund, King of the Visigoths
son
Theodoric II, King of the Visigoths
son
<---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------->
Teodorico I
Rey de los VisigodosHispaniaAquitania
De Wikipedia, la enciclopedia libre
Teodorico I
Rey de los Visigodos
Retrato idealizado de Teodorico I, por Félix Castelo (1635, Museo del Prado).
Información personal
Reinado 418-451
Fallecimiento 20 de septiembre del 451
Batalla de los Campos Cataláunicos
Predecesor Walia
Sucesor Turismundo
Familia
Dinastía Baltinga
Padre Alarico I
Consorte Flavia Valiana
Descendencia Turismundo, Teodorico y Eurico
[editar datos en Wikidata]
Teodorico I o Teodoredo (?-451) fue un rey de los visigodos. Era hijo ilegítimo de Alarico.[1] No obstante, según nuevas investigaciones,[2] Teodorico I era el yerno de Alarico I. En el año 418 sucedió a Walia, reinando hasta el 451. Con él comienza el linaje de Tolosa (Toulouse). Completó el asentamiento de los visigodos en Aquitania y expandió sus dominios a Hispania. Su nombre original era Þjudareiks ("Rey del Pueblo"), latinizado Theodericus.
Biografía
Los romanos habían ordenado a Walia abandonar Hispania y trasladarse con su gente a Galia. Por lo tanto Teodorico, como su sucesor, completó los asentamientos visigóticos en Gallia Aquitania II, Novempopulania y Gallia Narbonensis. Pero los visigodos no tenían acceso al Mar Mediterráneo. Teodorico aprovechó entonces la decadencia del Imperio romano para extender sus territorios hacia el sur. Tras la muerte del emperador Flavio Honorio y la usurpación de Joannes en 423, hubo pugnas dentro del Imperio y en el año 425 Teodorico intentó conquistar Arlés, pero se lo impidió el Magister militum Aecio, quien fue asistido por los hunos.[3]Entonces los visigodos acordaron un tratado y se les dio nobles galos como rehenes. Como hecho anecdótico, se puede mencionar que el futuro emperador Avito visitó a Teodorico, vivió en su corte e incluso educó a sus hijos.[4]
Suegro del suevo Rechiario, primer rey católico de un reino germánico surgido de las invasiones del siglo V.[5]
Acceso al Mediterráneo
Como los romanos tuvieron que enfrentarse a los francos, quienes saquearon Colonia y Tréveris en el 435, y por otros eventos, Teodorico vio la oportunidad de conquistar Narbo Martius en el año 436, para obtener acceso al Mediterráneo y a los caminos a los Pirineos. Pero Litorio, también con la ayuda de los hunos, logró impedir la toma de la ciudad y envió a los visigodos de vuelta a su capital Tolosa.[6] La oferta de paz de Teodorico fue rehusada, pero el rey venció en una decisiva batalla en Tolosa, y Litorio pronto murió en cautiverio a causa de las heridas recibidas en la batalla.[7] En ese momento Avito fue a Tolosa (siguiendo las órdenes de Aecio) y ofreció un tratado de paz, que Teodorico aceptó.[8]
En 436 rompió otra vez la guerra con los Romanos; sitió y estrechó á Narbona, cuya empresa tuvo que abandonar por la mediacion de Avíto. Theodorico, no pudiendo obtener la paz que pedia á los Romanos que tenían sitiada á Tolosa, les presentó batalla, en la que salió vencedor, tomando prisionero á su General Litório en 439.
Capmany y de Montpalau, Antonio de|. (n.d.). Compendio cronológico-histórico de los Soberanos de Europa. Primera Parte. D.Miguel Escribano (1784).
Atila
Cuando Atila avanzó con su gran ejército hacia Europa Occidental e invadió Galia, Avito logró formar una alianza entre Teodorico y su viejo rival Aecio contra los hunos.[9] Se puede conjeturar que Teodorico aceptó esta coalición porque reconoció el peligro que representaban los hunos para su propio reino. Con su ejército entero y sus hijos Turismundo y Teodorico se unió a Aecio, salvaron la civitas Aurelianorum y obligaron a Atila a retirarse (en junio de 451).[10]
Teodorico murió a mediados de septiembre de 451 en la colosal batalla de las naciones que se libró en Mauriaco, no lejos de Metz, in campis Catalaunicis, en la que la federación formada por romanos, visigodos, alanos, burgundios y francos derrotaron a las huestes de Atila, quien además de los hunos, guiaba a guerreros ostrogodos, escitas, hérulos, gépidos, sármatas y otras tribus germánicas menores. La honra de la victoria correspondió al ala mandada por Teodoredo, que atacó el grueso de los hunos, haciendo retirarse al mismo Atila en la confusión de la noche.
... Cuando amaneció, Turismundo y los visigodos encontraron entre un gran montón de cadáveres el del rey Teodoredo, cuyo sacrificio señalaba el final de la carrera invencible de Atila. La lucha era de germanos contra germanos, de visigodos contra ostrogodos y hunos; el Imperio apenas contaba; así, esta dolorosa victoria no suscitó, como las de Estilicón, clásicos poemas de un Claudiano o un Prudencio, sino extraños epinicios, los informes cantos visigóticos en las exequias de Teodoredo, de que Jordanes habla, coreados con el fúnebre son de las armas entrechocadas...
Ramón Menéndez Pidal, Universalismo y Nacionalismo. Romanos y Germanos.[11]
Fue sucedido por su hijo Turismundo, el cual fue elegido rey en el mismo campo de batalla en que había caído su padre. Aecio, temeroso del éxito visigodo, permite la huida de Atila sin persecución, pues con engañosas razones hizo que Turismundo regresara a Tolosa de Francia.
Wikimedia Commons alberga una categoría multimedia sobre Teodorico I.
↑ Gibbon, Edward. The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire. Archivado desde el original el 14 de septiembre de 2004.
↑ G. Kampers, 2005, p. 419.
↑ Próspero, Epitoma chronicon 1290, en: MGH Auctores antiquissimi (AA) 9, p. 471; Chronica Gallica de 452, 102, en: MGH AA 9, p. 658; Sidonio Apolinar, Cartas 7. 12. 3
↑ Sidonio Apolinar, Carmen 7. 215sqq.; 7. 495sqq.
↑ José Orlandis: Historia de España, 4. Época visigoda (409-711), Editorial Gredos, 1987. ISBN 84-249-1250-0 (Tomo 4), pág. 40.
↑ Próspero, Epitoma chronicon 1324 y 1326, en: MGH AA 9, p. 475; Hidacio, crónica 107 und 110, en: MGH AA 11, pp. 22-23; Merobaudes, Panegírico, fragmento II A 23, en: Vollmer, MGH AA 14, p. 9; Sidonio Apolinar, Carmen 7. 246sqq.; 7. 475sqq.
↑ Próspero, Epitoma chronicon 1335, en: MGH AA 9, p. 476; Hidacio, Crónica 116, en: MGH AA 11, p. 23; Salviano, De gubernatione dei 7. 9. 39sqq.
↑ Próspero, Epitoma chronicon 1338, en: MGH AA 9, p. 477; Hidacio, Crónica 117, en: MGH AA 11, p. 23; Sidonio Apolinar, Carmen 7. 295sqq.
↑ Sidonio Apolinar, Carmen 7. 332sqq.; 7. 336sqq.; 7. 352sqq.; Próspero, Epitoma chronicon 1364, en: MGH AA 9, p. 481; comparar con Jordanes, Getica 36. 187sqq.
↑ Sidonio Apolinar, Carmen 7, 346sqq.; Cartas 7. 12. 3; 8. 15. 1; Jordanes, Getica 37. 195; Gregorio de Tours, Historia Francorum 2. 7; Vita S. Aniani 7 y 10, en: MGH, Scriptores rerum Merovingicarum 3. 112–113; 3. 115-116
↑ Cita la obra de Jordanes De origine actibusque Getarum (El origen y las hazañas de los Godos),
Enßlin, Wilhelm: «Theoderich I.» En: Realencyclopädie der Classischen Altertumswissenschaft, vol. V A 2, coll. 1735-1740.
Kampers, G.: «Theoderid.» En: Reallexikon der Germanischen Altertumskunde, vol. 30 (2005), pp. 419-421.
Predecesor:
Walia Rey de los visigodos
418-451 Sucesor:
Turismundo
Control de autoridades
Proyectos WikimediaWd Datos: Q110892Commonscat Multimedia: Teodorico I
IdentificadoresWorldCatVIAF: 67261267GND: 118756745Diccionarios y enciclopediasBritannica: url
Wd Datos: Q110892Commonscat Multimedia: Teodorico I
<---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------->
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
Indice de Personas
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
No hay comentarios:
Publicar un comentario